Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• exhibited considerable variation depending on the elemental composition of pure metal catalysts [19]. Notably, Au, Ag, and Zn catalysts exhibit preferential CO generation, while Sn, In, and Pb catalysts prove effective in producing formate ions (HCOO−) [20]. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are established

• sacrificial agents to create metal or metal compounds embedded in carbon matrices was considered a potential direction in CO2RR application. Systematic studies should be conducted to control morphological structure and composition by changing reaction conditions (time, temperature, and pressure) when

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• framework for gold whose efficacy can be tuned by chemical composition, solvent composition, exposure time, and concentration. Conventional gold etchants are predominated by inorganic chemical composition, including aqua regia (3 M:1 M hydrochloric acid to nitric acid), potassium cyanide, and triiodide [27

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• produce tens of millions of Nanopatches per week for COVID-19 vaccination [64][65]. If companies were to personalize and optimize microneedles (including design, dosage, and vaccine composition) for COVID-19 or influenza vaccination based on ethnicities [66], those manufacturers would have to produce

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• -coated artificial leaf surfaces with chemical composition and wettability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Such artificial leaves are of interest for in vitro studies of interactions of plant surfaces with living organisms and the non-living environment, as demonstrated by Huth et al. [11], where the

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• . Composition and β-phase content of the piezoelectric composite films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the composite film fibers was observed through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene composite film was encapsulated in a sandwich-structure heart sound

• of heart sound stethoscope. Results and Discussion Characterization of thin film samples In the study by Luo et al. [19], an investigation was carried out to explore the electrospinning of piezoelectric films using different composition ratios of P(VDF-TrFE), ZnO, and GR. The resulting films

• underwent characterization through electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and piezoelectric performance testing. The results indicated that the piezoelectric film with a composition ratio of 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO + 0.1% GR exhibited superior performance regarding various aspects. Consequently, in

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes compared to that of the free drug [18]. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, SLNs have recently gained special attention owing to their biocompatibility properties, biodegradability, relatively easy surface and composition modification, and efficacy in loading and

• used to analyze the nanoparticle surface composition and determine the possible interactions among the formulation components (Figure 4). The BNZ spectrum presented its characteristic peaks at 3264 cm−1 corresponding to N–H in the secondary amide bond, 1652 cm−1 to C=O in the amide, 1523–1400 cm−1 to N

• -VEHICLE and NLC-BNZ, the latter exhibiting a higher HA, could be explained by adding the HA of the free drug to the effect of the vehicle on erythrocytes. More studies would be necessary to investigate the effect of the composition, size, or porosity of these nanoparticles after a long term exposure to

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• rate than any other acid in the dark. TEM imaging of nanoceria in citric and β-hydroxybutyric acid supported the DLS results. Relating the carboxylic acid composition (number of carboxylic acid groups, total number of carbons, aliphatic carbons, and hydroxy groups and their molecular ratios) to the

• dark-field scanning TEM and EDS were used to determine the elemental composition of some particles seen in TEM. In addition, camera photos were taken after 0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks of the samples exposed to citric acid and water under light and dark conditions. To identify the key functional groups that

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• front, and flame composition [9]. A premixed flat flame was utilized by Zhang et al. [10] to synthesize single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) through rich hydrogen/air combustion with a ferrocene catalyst. The temperature profile was estimated to be relatively uniform across HAB values up to 10 mm. An increase in

• with an accuracy of 1 mm. Schematic diagram of the premixed flame synthesis setup with quartz tube and traversing arm. The one-dimensional flame is achieved by the utilization of sintered metal at the outlet of the burner. Average elemental composition of CNTs on nickel wire measured with EDX. Funding

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• attributed to its surface composition of different functional groups providing specific sites for pesticide molecules. These results demonstrate that the GQDs/GCE electrochemical sensor is capable of detecting malathion over a wide linear range with low detection limits and high selectivity. The graphene

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• structures from calcinated samples as the initial models were refined using GSAS-II software [29]. In order to determine the temperature-induced structural evolution of h-MoO3, all in situ XRD patterns were refined in GSAS-II. Microstructural characterization Morphology and chemical composition of the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• conductometric sensors at various frequencies. In potentiometric sensors, a local equilibrium is created at the sensor–analyte interface, and when no current is present, the composition or concentration of the analyte is determined from the potential difference (voltage) between the working and the reference

• that MOFs exhibit not just fluorescence but also phosphorescence and scintillation has drawn attention to their optical capabilities for some time. Due to their hybrid composition, MOF materials are capable of a variety of emission phenomena (Figure 12) that are uncommon in other material classes. For

• , trimesic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid are a few of the commonly used linkers. Note that the scope of this review does not include a thorough discussion of the linker types. Depending on the type of analyte and the composition of the MOF, luminescence intensity

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• described as: The raw TiO2 powders contain some carbon (from the decomposition of the ethylene sensitizer) and chlorine impurities, whose amount it is greatly diminished by calcination in air at 450 °C for 5 h. To certify this, a composition investigation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has

• (point defects), there are some deviations. The small oxygen deficiency observed even after calcination is related to remaining chlorine impurities and Ti3+ ions that resisted calcination. Phase composition and crystallites sizes of the TiO2 powders were investigated. The X-ray diffractograms of the

• in the second batch of samples, that is, in series “b”. The elemental composition of the TiO2 powders was estimated by EDS performed inside a scanning electron microscope, FEI Quanta Inspect S, at 15 kV in high vacuum. The crystalline structures and phase concentrations were determined from X-ray

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• of SiC nanomaterials through surface carbonization of SiC nanowires and hydrolysis. SiC@C-ZnO composites were synthesized with different dosages of ZnNO3·6H2O. Composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. Results from TEM and XRD show

• , which has been rarely investigated before. Herein, we describe a new strategy for preparing ternary hybrids (SiC@C-ZnO, SCZ) by growing ZnO particles on carbon surfaces derived from SiC nanowires. The influence of ZnO precursor (ZnNO3·6H2O) dosage on composition, microstructure and electromagnetic

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• characteristic of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles [21]. The same morphology was observed for concentrations of 5 and 20 wt % of coloring ions (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The elemental composition of the samples evaluated by the analysis of XPS spectra is shown in

• -performance detector, with a power of 300 W. A scanning electron microscope Hitachi SU8020 SEM (Tokyo, Japan) was used to obtain morphology information. The oxidation state and composition of the chemical elements at the surface were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Versaprobe PHI 5000

• ) was used to evaluate the relative composition of the elements. Raman spectra were recorded using a micro-Raman system (Senterra Bruker Optik GmbH, Massachusetts, USA), λ = 532 nm with a laser power of 10 mW. The visible spectra were obtained using an Ocean Optics spectrophotometer (USB 2000) (Florida

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• can be predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the conjugated structures. This is an advantage over other carbon materials, even if they are of the same chemical composition [18][19][20][21][22]. We review the recent progress in the material development of conjugated solar

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• obtained on an ultrahigh vacuum spectrophotometer at a pressure below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar at room temperature (Omicron NanoTechnology). Photoelectrons were detected by a spectrophotometer equipped with a 128-channel collector. The X-ray anode was operated at 15 keV and 300 W. The chemical composition

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• curvature [35]. Finally, changes to the material composition, such as through doping or vacancy processing, can affect the LSPR because of changes in the free electron density, the electron effective mass, and the electronic band structure in general [36][37]. An understanding of the changes in absorbance

• tunability of the absorption characteristics, are also evident from this discussion. A common analogue to the spherical morphology are concentric nanoparticles, wherein a core nanoparticle is surrounded by a shell layer of specified thickness and composition. The change in refractive index of the shell in

• comparison to the core leads to a multitude of interesting effects such as altered/enhanced absorption and stability [60]. Hence core–shell nanoparticles can be tuned very effectively to the desired wavelength range by manipulating the thickness and/or composition of the shell in addition to the tunability

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• studies. Regardless of the uptake pathway, the current understanding of how NPs induce endosomal escape lags behind and is limited by the current techniques used to detect it. Thus, new and accurate endosomal escape assays are required to understand the relationship between NP composition and endosomal

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• , particularly by the phase inversion composition method, and the use of these nanoemulsions as templates for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications are reviewed. The methods of preparation, nature of the components in the formulation, and their impact on the physicochemical

• , nanoparticle concentration, surface functionalization, and the type of polymers that can be processed. Keywords: ethyl cellulose; nanoemulsions; nanomedicine; phase inversion composition (PIC) method; PLGA; polymer nanoparticles; polyuria; polyurethane; surfactants; Review 1 Introduction The field of

• research on the fabrication of polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions, focusing on phase inversion composition. We particularly emphasize their biomedical applications as drug carriers. 2 Nanoemulsions Nanoemulsions are constituted by nanoscale droplets (20–200 nm) dispersed in a continuous

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• solution with adequate reusability, that is, without noticeable loss of efficiency. Several strategies are currently used to achieve the listed features, including tuning of size, morphology, and particle dimensions. Also, the composition of the photocatalyst is varied yielding core–shell structures

• at a lower cost. The most frequently used wet-chemical techniques are hydrothermal and co-precipitation techniques. Morphology, particle size, and composition can be easily adjusted using hydrothermal methods, whereas agglomeration and particle size can be controlled using the co-precipitation method

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• powerful strategy for materials creation by nanoarchitectonics [10]. Nanoarchitectonics can be used to design and fabricate innovative catalysts by tailoring their molecular composition, surface atomic arrangement, and microstructures [11]. However, it requires harmonizing various techniques and phenomena

• , morphology, and chemical composition of the fabricated catalysts were investigated using TEM, SEM, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements determined the performance of the fabricated catalysts. Results and Discussion Synthesis of a highly graphitized carbon material The synthesis of

• , which is consistent with its composition, namely the lowest amount of platinum on the surface, which is responsible for the four-electron reduction of oxygen, and a significant fraction in the reaction of active carbon centers, which reduce oxygen in a two-electron process. The best performance was

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• synthesis by a solvothermal method. The prepared CQDs were encapsulated into medical grade polyurethane (PU) films by a swelling–encapsulation–shrink method. It was investigated how the precursor influenced the structure (morphology and chemical composition) and further prooxidative, antibacterial, and

• oxygen or any other reactive oxygen species. In our previous works, we used polyoxyethylene−polyoxypropylene−polyoxyethylene Pluronic 68 (PF68) as precursor to synthesize hydrophobic CQDs [18][19]. These quantum dots produce high levels of singlet oxygen, and their chemical composition differs from that

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• is mainly composed of Au, Ni, and Si while its branch parts show a much faster increase in O concentration than that of Si, indicating the possible formation of SiOx branches. To further detail the composition, EDS results were measured on the tilted morphology showing larger areas of the branch part

• , where it was hold for 30 s. After that, the samples were rapidly heated to 1050 °C within 15 s and then held at this temperature for 1 min before cooling down. One fresh sample was heated for each treatment. Each system was labeled according to its composition. For example, the sample 15 nm Au/5 nm Ni

• signals from secondary electrons and backscattered electrons (BSE) to minimize charging effects due to the bad electrical conductivity of the SiO2 layer. In addition, the composition information related to the Z-contrast was obtained by the BSE detector because the areas rich in elements with higher

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• microorganisms, possibly due to the significant difference in the external cell wall composition. Peptidoglycan is a component of bacterial cell wall that was suggested as the main target of silver [57]. In E. coli and the other Gram-negative bacteria, the peptidoglycan layer is protected by an outer membrane