Spectroscopic mapping and selective electronic tuning of molecular orbitals in phosphorescent organometallic complexes – a new strategy for OLED materials

• Pascal R. Ewen,
• Jan Sanning,
• Tobias Koch,
• Nikos L. Doltsinis,
• Cristian A. Strassert and
• Daniel Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2248–2258, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.234

• interfaces of the multilayer device [2]. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is widely used to determine the oxidation and reduction potentials of organometallic molecules and has rightfully become a very popular technique for electrochemical studies [3][4]. However, interactions of the molecules with their environment

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• proliferation by up-regulating Ki-67 protein expression (Figure 6). To test whether such a scaffold could be used as a neural stimulation electrode, its electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, the results showing that electrical stimulation via a capacitive charge injection was

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• exfoliated graphene via a microwave-assisted Bingel reaction (Figure 8) [39]. The new exTTF-graphene material was fully characterized by spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopy means. Importantly, the electrochemical properties of exTTF-graphene were studied by cyclic voltammetry which allowed identification

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• stimulate neural activity. CNTs do have a high capacity and low impedance, e.g., compared to IrO2 which is widely used as electrical interface for cells, as has been manifested by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy [9]. Thus CNTs allow to minimise the stimulation voltage as well as the electrode

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• This study addresses the electrochemical surface faceting and restructuring of Ir(210) single crystal electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy are used to probe structural changes and variations in the electrochemical behaviour after potential cycling of Ir

• anisotropically in a preferred direction and reach a height of about 5 nm after 4 h of cycling. The structural changes are reflected in variations of the electrocatalytic activity towards carbon monoxide adlayer oxidation. Keywords: CO adlayer oxidation; cyclic voltammetry; Ir(210) single crystal; potential

• cooling in nitrogen gas atmosphere [19][20]. Such thermally-induced faceted Ir(210) has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) [20]. Thus, very similar surface structures with nanometer-scale pyramids consisting of (110) and {311} facets could be prepared

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• typical C–H stretching vibration at 2918 cm−1 after photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which apparently comes from the catalytic CoII(TEOA)2 species on the surface of G-SO3. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) spectra were used to investigate the hydrogen evolution system (Figure 6). And the results showed that Co

Nanocavity crossbar arrays for parallel electrochemical sensing on a chip

• Enno Kätelhön,
• Dirk Mayer,
• Marko Banzet,
• Andreas Offenhäusser and
• Bernhard Wolfrum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1137–1143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.124

• , access holes are etched through the passivation directly down onto the chromium sacrificial layer by reactive ion etching. The chromium is then fully removed in an isotropic wet etch using chrome etch solution. Electrochemical methods Electrochemical characterization is either performed via cyclic

• voltammetry or amperometry. Cyclic voltammograms were recorded using an EPC 10 patch clamp system (HEKA Elektronik Dr. Schulze GmbH, Lambrecht, Germany) and the corresponding software Patch Master. Hereby, one bar electrode is swept from −200 mV to 600 mV and then sweept reverse from 600 mV to −200 mV at a

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• morphologies of the CNFs and of the mixtures. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were employed to study the electrocatalysis of the catechol biosensor. The results indicated that the sensitivity of the biosensor was 41 µA·mM−1, the detection limit was 0.63 µM, the linear range was 1–1310 µM and the

3D-nanoarchitectured Pd/Ni catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for the electrooxidation of formic acid

• Loïc Assaud,
• Evans Monyoncho,
• Kristina Pitzschel,
• Anis Allagui,
• Matthieu Petit,
• Margrit Hanbücken,
• Elena A. Baranova and
• Lionel Santinacci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.16

• chemistry analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed both metallic and oxide contributions for the Ni and Pd deposits. Cyclic voltammetry of the Pd/Ni nanocatalysts revealed that the electrooxidation of HCOOH proceeds through the direct dehydrogenation mechanism with the formation of active

• been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Results and Discussion Nickel deposition Since ALD processes have been developed mainly for metal oxide and nitride thin films, metal depositions have been hampered mostly by the lack of relevant and stable precursors [31]. Although a new class of precursors

• geometric area of the working electrode was 0.196 cm2. The electrical contact to the working electrode was established by a gold wire on the Pd/Ni layer. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out by using a BioLogic VSP potentiostat together with the EC-Lab software at room temperature. The CVs were performed in

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

• Michaela Nebel,
• Thomas Erichsen and
• Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

• , Barsbüttel, Germany). The electrochemical characterization of the SECM tips, microelectrodes, and recessed microelectrodes as sample surfaces were performed by means of cyclic voltammetry in an electrolyte containing 5 mM [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 (ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany) and 100 mM KCl (Riedel-de Haën, Seelze

• inspection under the microscope and by cyclic voltammetry with [Ru(NH3)6]3+ as redox mediator. The size of the disk shaped electrodes was calculated using the diffusion limited steady state current and i = 4nFDcr (n: number of electrons transferred per molecule, F: Faraday constant, D: diffusion coefficient

• . Electrochemical etching was performed in 6 M HCl by cyclic voltammetry (potential range: 100 mV to 1300 mV, scan rate: 500 mV s−1, 10 cycles). The chloride ions act as a complexing agent and at a potential of about 1100 mV etching of gold is performed [44]. After completion of the etching remaining impurities

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

• Josef C. Meier,
• Carolina Galeano,
• Ioannis Katsounaros,
• Jonathon Witte,
• Hans J. Bongard,
• Angel A. Topalov,
• Claudio Baldizzone,
• Stefano Mezzavilla,
• Ferdi Schüth and
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 44–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

• ] reported that such transitions in potential result in more severe catalyst surface area losses compared to constantly high potentials. These drastic conditions, which can be simulated in electrochemical half-cell experiments by, e.g., subjecting the catalyst to cyclic voltammetry, are a demanding challenge

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li₂Co_1−xM_xPO₄F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

• Nellie R. Khasanova,
• Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
• Stanislav S. Fedotov,
• Darya A. Storozhilova,
• Rodion V. Panin and
• Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

• and x ≤ 0.1, respectively. The Li2Co0.9Mn0.1PO4F material demonstrated a reversible electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 75 mA·h·g−1 (current rate of C/5) upon cycling between 2.5 and 5.5 V in 1 M LiBF4/TMS electrolyte. Galvanostatic measurements along with cyclic

• voltammetry supported a single-phase de/intercalation mechanism in the Li2Co0.9Mn0.1PO4F material. Keywords: energy related; fluorophosphates; high-energy cathode materials; high-voltage electrolyte; Li-ion batteries; nanomaterials; reversible capacity; Introduction In recent years the range of application

• 1 M LiBF4/TMS to investigate the electrochemical activity of the fluorophosphate materials. LiBF4 salt was chosen instead of LiTFSI, because the last one corrodes the aluminum current collector at high potentials. Preliminarily, the stability of both electrolytes was investigated by cyclic

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

• Gisela L. Schulz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Roland Fitzner,
• Eduard Brier,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Egon Reinold and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

• of the molar extinction coefficient, saturated solutions were made, stirred for 60 min at 60 °C then allowed to cool to room temperature. The saturated solution was then filtered and diluted for absorption spectroscopy, and the corresponding concentration could be determined. Cyclic voltammetry

• properties of DCV5T-Bu4 were probed by using cyclic voltammetry, the results of which are plotted in Figure 1b and summarized in Table 1. Measurements were performed in dichloromethane solutions containing tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) and referenced against the internal ferrocene

Preparation of electrochemically active silicon nanotubes in highly ordered arrays

• Tobias Grünzel,
• Young Joo Lee,
• Karsten Kuepper and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 655–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.73

• in a Li+-containing electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry of the lithium/silicon system is typically characterized by a sharp reduction between +0.1 and +0.2 V (vs Li/Li+) on the charging curve and a broader double oxidation peak situated between +0.3 and +0.7 V upon discharge [6][7][8]. Upon inclusion

• arrows. Cyclic voltammetry recorded on a silicon nanotube sample at 0.1 mV s−1 in 1 mol L−1 LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethylcarbonate by using metallic lithium as the auxiliary electrode and pseudo-reference. The scans were performed between +3.25 V and +0.05 V. The first cycle is plotted as a thin

Ultramicrosensors based on transition metal hexacyanoferrates for scanning electrochemical microscopy

• Maria A. Komkova,
• Angelika Holzinger,
• Andreas Hartmann,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov,
• Christine Kranz,
• Arkady A. Karyakin and
• Oleg G. Voronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 649–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.72

• . Three types of UME were used: (i) carbon, (ii) platinum and (iii) platinum covered with an ion beam induced deposition (IBID)-generated Pt/C composite material [28]. Deposition of PB was carried out by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as described elsewhere in detail [29]. PB was deposited using 5 cycles

• ratio of carbon to platinum in the range of 60 atom % C to 24 atom % Pt [28]. Cyclic voltammetry, optical microscopy, and AFM (5500 AFM, Agilent Technologies) imaging were performed for characterizing the fabricated microelectrodes. The deposition of PB was carried out as described in detail elsewhere

• of 100 mV/s applying 20 scans. After the deposition of NiHCF, the electrodes were rinsed with MilliQ water (Millipore MilliQ system) and and tempered at 80 °C for 0.5 h. The deposition of the mixed films was performed as follows. First, a layer of PB was deposited by cyclic voltammetry as described

In situ monitoring magnetism and resistance of nanophase platinum upon electrochemical oxidation

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Stefan Topolovec,
• Stephan Landgraf,
• Heinz Krenn and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 394–399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.46

• relative to Ag/AgCl. As reference values for the resistance and the magnetic moment, the initial values R0 and m0 of the respective measurement were used. Results Charging was performed by the electrochemical methods of cyclic voltammetry, with a constant scan rate of 0.5 mV/s, or chronoamperometry (CA

• resistance variation were found by chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. The combination of SQUID magnetometry and in situ cyclic voltammetry opens up attractive potentials for studying nanophase materials under full electrochemical control. Steady-state cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of porous

Electrospinning preparation and electrical and biological properties of ferrocene/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) composite nanofibers

• Ji-Hong Chai and
• Qing-Sheng Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 189–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.19

• model organisms. The nanofibers fabricated by this method showed obvious antibacterial activity. Electrochemical properties were characterized based on cyclic voltammetry measurements. The CV results showed redox peaks corresponding to the Fc+/Fc couple, which suggested that Fc molecules encapsulated

Revealing thermal effects in the electronic transport through irradiated atomic metal point contacts

• Bastian Kopp,
• Zhiwei Yi,
• Daniel Benner,
• Fang-Qing Xie,
• Christian Obermair,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 703–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.80

• potential origin of the light-induced signals. To check this hypothesis, cyclic voltammetry was performed at different temperatures by directly heating up the whole setup in a stove. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) recorded at 45 and 35 °C are shown in Figure 5, which indicates that the redox peak shifted to

• drop across the series resistance. This signal, as well as the voltage drop Usample across the sample are measured with fast voltage amplifiers (Femto DLPVA-100-F-D). All signals are fed to a digital storage oscilloscope (LeCroy Waverunner 6050A). Cyclic voltammetry The cyclic voltammograms were

• was heated in a stove for five minutes at a preset temperature, monitored by a thermocouple to a precision of ± 2 °C. Then the cyclic voltammetry was performed in situ. A home-made electrochemical setup (as shown in Figure 13) was used to investigate the light-induced transport changes in the liquid

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ascorbic acid by square-wave voltammetry

• Sushil Kumar and
• Victoria Vicente-Beckett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 388–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.45

• expensive. The spectrophotometric method suffers from poor selectivity due to interference from other compounds present in commercial fruit juices (e.g., sugars or glucuronic acid) while citrate may affect enzymatic methods [7]. Electrochemical techniques, particularly cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square

The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen

• Christian Obermair,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 659–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.70

• , simultaneously the passivation layer is partially removed, site-selectively, with the tip of an AFM. The appropriate electrochemical potential is determined by cyclic voltammetry, and a cathodic potential is selected so as to be too low to lead to an overall growth of the metal film in spite of the passivation

Electrochemical behavior of dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase on glassy carbon electrodes modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Haitao Zheng,
• Leyi Lin,
• Yosuke Okezaki,
• Ryushi Kawakami,
• Haruhiko Sakuraba,
• Toshihisa Ohshima,
• Keiichi Takagi and
• Shin-ichiro Suye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 135–141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.16

• long-time ultrasonication (30 min) used. Electrochemical behavior of L-proDH on MWCNTs–modified GC electrode The electrochemical properties of GC/MWCNTs were first investigated by cyclic voltammetry with K3Fe(CN)6 as the probe. Typical reversible cyclic voltammograms were observed for both the bare and