Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• /COOH-MWCNT composite is a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Keywords: anode material; carbon nanotubes; hydrothermal synthesis method; lithium-ion batteries; Introduction The depletion of non-renewable energy resources such as coal, petrol and natural gas has led to the urgent need

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• the possibility to cleave a well-defined molecular tag from a larger parent molecule. Here we present the design and synthesis of two model compounds as well as evidence for the photoinduced beam depletion in high vacuum in one case. Keywords: molecular quantum optics; photodepletion

• spanned several hundred nanometers for several milliseconds [17]. We are now looking for new techniques which shall enable new molecular matter-wave experiments. We are in particular interested in identifying an optical depletion mechanism for molecular beams, since this will enable the realization of

• exclusively on the monomer. Photoresponse of the monomer 4 When we shine 266 nm light onto the propagating beam of isolated monomers, we observe a depletion of the parent signal, as shown in Figure 5 (red line). Even in the absence of any UV light, one can see fragments which we attribute to the IR laser

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• the VG in the considered bias range. The effective SBH values ΦB, obtained from the slope of the linear fit of the Arrhenius plot in Figure 3b are reported in Figure 3c as a function of VG. The schematic band diagrams corresponding to the different transistor operation regimes, i.e., depletion (i

• ), flat band (ii) and accumulation (iii), are also illustrated in the inserts of Figure 3c. In the depletion regime (Figure 3c (i)), the applied gate bias induces an upward band bending, ψ, in MoS2 at the interface with the SiO2 gate insulator. The experimentally evaluated SBH is found to depend linearly

• ≈ 9.1 × 10−5 F/m2 (ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant, εox = 3.9, tox = 380 nm, the permittivity and the thickness of the SiO2 film, respectively), on the capacitance of the MoS2 depletion region, Cs, as well as on the capacitance associated with MoS2/SiO2 interface traps, Cit [5]. In the depletion

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• that ODNs displaced from the functionalized AuNP surface lead to fractal aggregation of nanoparticles, which is here described for the first time on the basis of ODN displacement from the AuNP surface, in agreement with the previously reported depletion attractions between hard colloidal silica spheres

• immersed in a non-adsorbing solution of double-stranded DNA [20], according to the Asakura–Oosawa model for depletion flocculation in colloidal dispersions [21][22][23][24][25]. This evidence support the hypothesis that surface deposited single or double stranded DNA, if released in solution, could cause

• surfaces of separate colloidal particles. However, displaced BiotinDNA cannot interact with SA with its biotin units since SA pockets are occupied by free biotin. The other more reasonable mechanism that could be responsible for the AuNPs aggregation is the depletion interaction, i.e., the mesoscopic

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• also for the higher product related terrestrial acidification potential (TAP), the marine eutrophication potential (MEP) and the particulate matter formation potential (PMFP). However, freshwater depletion potential (WDP) and USEtoxecotox are considered, Jumbosil® achieves the lower values. This is

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

• Guillaume Rioland,
• Patrick Dutournié,
• Delphine Faye,
• T. Jean Daou and
• Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

• applied pressures of 215.5, 153.5 and 277.5 MPa, respectively. The density is higher for thin pellets and decreases with the pellet size. This rapid density depletion for thin pellets (height between 1 and 3 mm) seems to level off for thick pellets. This observation can be explained by the formation of

Active and fast charge-state switching of single NV centres in diamond by in-plane Al-Schottky junctions

• Christoph Schreyvogel,
• Vladimir Polyakov,
• Sina Burk,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Andrej Denisenko,
• Felipe Fávaro de Oliveira,
• Ralf Wunderlich,
• Jan Meijer,
• Verena Zuerbig,
• Jörg Wrachtrup and
• Christoph E. Nebel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1727–1735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.165

• depletion layer below and next to the Al contact [18][19]. By applying potentials on the Al-Schottky contact, the applied electric field in the depletion region of the Schottky junction induces a band bending modulation which shifts the Fermi-level over NV charge transition level and the charge state of

• centre sheet density in of [NV] = 106–107 cm−2. We used confocal microscopy with an excitation laser of 520 nm to detect the NV centre photoluminescence in the depletion region of the Schottky junction. Distinct spectral characteristics can be used to identify the charge state: the NV+ centre does not

• published elsewhere, via analyzing PL-spectra at different potentials applied on the Schottky contact, we could demonstrate an active control of the charge state of a single NV centre in the depletion region of the in-plane Schottky junction [21]. At zero bias there is only a PL-background of the diamond

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• electronic structure by improving electron migration from titanium dioxide to tin dioxide and promotes oxygen molecule adsorption at the surface [34]. The as-formed heterojunction (n–n type) affects the response due to the formation of the accumulation/depletion layer and increases the potential barrier at

• carrier transfer occurs and formation of a charge depletion layer. The discrete SnO2 nanoparticle coating acts as an oxygen adsorber, which donates electrons and increases carrier concentration, creating a stronger n–p heterojunction. As a result, tin oxide may become the primary conductive path, which

• of a flower-like form doped with SnO2 nanoparticles can be attributed to gas sensing properties of tin dioxide. This archetypical sensor material affects the formation of the depletion layer at the surface. As a consequence, electron charge carriers have to overcome a high potential barrier formed at

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• prepared ZnO and RGO–ZnO structures towards acetone and ethanol at an operating temperature of 250 °C. Since ZnO is an n-type semiconductor, when it is exposed to air at elevated temperatures the oxygen molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the material generating the electron depletion layer. The

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• formation of an ohmic contact between PANI and In2O3. Compared with pure PANI, the In2O3/PANI nanofibers reach a higher current due to the smaller width of the depletion layer between PANI and In2O3. Moreover, the addition of PANI reduced the width of the depletion layer at the interface and was helpful to

• been formed between PANI and In2O3 nanofibers, in which PANI is a p-type semiconductor and In2O3 nanofibers presents as an n-type semiconductor [21][27][34]. The changes of the depletion layer of the p–n heterojuction are shown in Figure 10. The width of the depletion section is related to the doping

• concentration [39]. With low concentration doping, it needs a sufficiently thick depletion layer to provide impurity atoms to build an internal field. Accordingly, on exposure to NH3, the protons from PANI are transferred to the NH3 molecules, which results in a widening of the depletion layer in the PANI

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• : ATP depletion; calcium crystallization; cytotoxicity; endocytosis; HeLa cells; LDH; mesenchymal stem cells; morphology; necrosis; particle size; silica nanoparticles; TEM; Introduction Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are used in a wide range of commercially available products to improve product

• NP concentration and size over 5 h of exposure in HeLa cells. Figure 7 displays the ATP level of HeLa cells exposed to NPs at 4 different concentrations and measured at time intervals of 60 min. At the lowest NP concentration (50 µg·mL−1, Figure 7A) SiNP-22 induces the highest ATP depletion effect

• cervical model system directly leads to necrosis already showing significant effects in small size differences. Necrosis is also linked to fast mitochondrial damage, which goes along with the depletion of intracellular ATP [43][44]. When the intra-mitochondrial membrane potential is damaged also ATP

Experimental and simulation-based investigation of He, Ne and Ar irradiation of polymers for ion microscopy

• Lukasz Rzeznik,
• Yves Fleming,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.104

• to the enrichment of one of the elements in the near-surface region. This is known as preferential sputtering. This issue was also studied by Hnatowicz et al. for 100 keV He+, Ne+, Ar+ and Kr+ bombardment of polyimide and the depletion of H and O for fluences above 1014 ions/cm2 [20]. More recent

NO gas sensing at room temperature using single titanium oxide nanodot sensors created by atomic force microscopy nanolithography

• Li-Yang Hong and
• Heh-Nan Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1044–1051, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.97

• response, but longer recovery than sensor B. The first two benefits can be explained by two factors. One is that the ND in sensor A has a larger surface to volume ratio. The other is due to the fact that the depletion layer thickness after adsorption is roughly equal to the Debye length [5][17][38

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Helium ion microscopy (HIM) reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles with well-defined size and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms their metallic nature. Continued irradiation after depletion of oxalate does not lead to further particle growth giving

Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO₃(001) and SrTiO₃(110) surfaces

• Miyoko Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 817–824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.73

• showed simple (1 × 1) structures [41]. This type of surface structure is reported for samples annealed in UHV at relatively low temperatures [26][33], which is also the case in our study. STO(110) surfaces are terminated with TiO planes with the possibility of oxygen depletion [25]. This type of surface

• the same conditions were performed. After substrate annealing before Fe deposition, STM images of STO(001) and STO(110) surfaces showed (1 × 1) and (3 × 1) structures, respectively [33][38]. Both structures exhibit atomic disarrangement from place to place, which is attributed to oxygen depletion

• with local depletion of O−, which was caused during sample preparation by ion-beam bombardment and UHV annealing. These surface charges, which induce an electric field variation at the interface, could affect the local interfacial reactivity [64][65] and hence the position of each deposited atom. It is

First-principles study of the structure of water layers on flat and stepped Pb electrodes

• Xiaohang Lin,
• Ferdinand Evers and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 533–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.47

• rearrangement. On Pb(100), there is a charge accumulation below the water molecules which bind through their oxygen atom to the Pb atoms and a charge depletion below the water molecule in the H-down configuration. However, the polarization of the adsorbed water molecules on Pb(100) is significantly smaller than

• yellow, charge depletion in blue. Upper two panels: Snapshots of the AIMD simulation of water layers at a temperature of 140 K on a) Pb(111), b) Pb(100), c) Pb(311) d) Pb(511) and e) Pb(711) in top and side view; lower panel: trajectories of the oxygen atoms of the water molecules along the AIMD run

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• an early stage, but since superposition of the signals from components in the modified BBM or the cyanobacteria themselves together with gold have been found, no useful data for the depletion of gold ions from the solution could be collected in this case [29]. Therefore another spectroscopic element

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Johannes Schneider,
• Gilles R. Bourret and
• Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

• the case of solid-to-solid transformations [26][27][28]. Such transformations can very often lead to hollow structures due to the depletion of the reactant in the center of the nanoparticle that diffuses to react on the outside of the nanoparticle. In such cases, the volume expansion after the

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• surface. BSA may be bound by a relatively strong covalent bond between the NPs surface and cysteine groups or via protein–protein electrostatic or depletion interactions. If both interactions take place simultaneously, the thickness of a PC will vary depending on the type of NP. The ELS data showed that

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• are: heating the sample ex situ while hydrogen etching for 30 min at 950 °C; preparing a silicon rich phase (3 × 3) in a Si flux and then heating the sample for 30 min at 1000 °C; or heating the sample at around 1000 °C under Si flux to remove the native oxide and to avoid silicon depletion of the

Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

• Anu Baby,
• He Lin,
• Gian Paolo Brivio,
• Luca Floreano and
• Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

• density depletion in the close proximity of the C–Al bond, with overall electron transfer from the surface to pentacene. An excess electronic charge of ΔQ = 0.56e is calculated on the adsorbed molecule, by means of Löwdin charge partitioning scheme [29][30]. One also observes (see the red regions in

• it also involves large contributions from the π system polarizing towards the surface, because the planar symmetry of pentacene is lost at the B site. Note in particular the region of electron depletion (blue coloured) that is observed in Figure 5h,i just above the Al atom located below the 1s

• -excited C1: such depletion corresponds to a reduction of the C–Al bond shown in Figure 2c, and is absent in Figure 5k,l for excitation on C2. Hence, a larger destabilization of adsorption is expected for the core hole in C1 than in C2. Therefore the presence of core hole reduces the binding energy of C2

Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices

• Tino Wagner,
• Hannes Beyer,
• Patrick Reissner,
• Philipp Mensch,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2193–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.225

• surface state density and Schottky depletion region in semiconductor nanowires [4][5] or to determine the mean free path in carbon nanotubes [6]. KFM also allows one to determine intrinsic doping of two-dimensional crystals such as graphene [7][8], where surface potential and electronic properties depend

Comprehensive characterization and understanding of micro-fuel cells operating at high methanol concentrations

• Aldo S. Gago,
• Juan-Pablo Esquivel,
• Neus Sabaté,
• Joaquín Santander and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2000–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.203

• consumption starts; the anode potential decreases by 70 mV and the cathode potential increases by 50 mV. The evolution of the anode potential is in good agreement with the evolution of the overall cell voltage. It confirms the depletion of CH3OH molecules at the surface of the Pt–Ru catalyst, which causes the

Two-phase equilibrium states in individual Cu–Ni nanoparticles: size, depletion and hysteresis effects

• Aram S. Shirinyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1811–1820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.185

• transformation of binary alloyed nanoparticles taking into account size effects as well as depletion and hysteresis effects. In such a way the hysteresis in a form of nonsymmetry for forth and back transforming paths takes place; compositional splitting and the loops-like splitted path on the size dependent

• solubility curves; also intersection of nanoliquidus and nanosolidus is available. These findings lead to the necessity to reconsider such basic concepts in materials science as phase diagram and solubility diagram. Keywords: chemical depletion; nanomelting and nanosolidification loops; phase diagram of

• elements, are accompanied with the less known “chemical depletion” effect: the amount of one of the chemical components may not be sufficient for the formation of a new phase nucleus of the different composition [11][12][13]. The similar arguments may be applied for the cases of density change during the

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• surface diffusion is negligible. This condition can be met by performing FEBIP in the so-called reaction rate limited growth regime (also called the electron-limited growth regime) where the extent of adsorbate depletion caused by electrons is negligible [4][10][19][20][21]. The strict definition of

• called the adsorbate-limited growth regime) is defined as . In the mass transport limited regime, the magnitude of the electron flux is sufficiently high to cause significant depletion of precursor adsorbates, and adsorbate diffusion into the area irradiated by electrons makes an important contribution

• dimensionless parameters, originally employed by Utke et al. [15], which are useful for describing adsorbate kinetics in FEBIP [1] and giving concise scaling laws for the lateral resolution of the FEBIP process. Irradiative depletion is a dimensionless parameter that quantifies the adsorbate concentration at