Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• responsible for the dissolution of polymers. The obtained polymer film exhibited high CO2-philicity by having nitrogen-rich surfaces. The film could be also turned into a fine carbon film by heat treatment in inert atmosphere. Results and Discussion Processing COP-100 in liquid amines COP-100 is a network

• film itself was thin and brittle, it was easily cracked, but the film did not show any polymeric granules exposed on the surface. The dissolution of polymer chains in a solvent is known to involve two transport processes; (i) solvent diffusion and (ii) chain disentanglement [22]. When the COP-100 was

• the dissolution in the liquid amine took much longer compared to COP-100 due to the slower penetration of EDA. The rigid backbone of COP-600 with the triphenylbenzene core also contributed to the slower dissolution of polymer in EDA. As shown in Figure 5b, a red polymer solution of COP-600 could be

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• silver [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The dissolution of AgNPs in both biological and in different environmental media has been proven, although the rate and amount varies depending on the AgNP characteristics determined by the size, stabilization and the presence of other molecules [17]. Still, some

• circulation via different routes [40][41][42][43]. Absorbed or intravenously applied NPs will accumulate in different body compartments [44][45][46]. AgNPs are prone to oxidative dissolution in biological media and the released Ag+ reacts with thiolate groups of sulfur-containing biomolecules [47], which may

• NPs (Figure 3). As the biological effect resulting from interaction with metallic NPs may originate from the release of metallic ions in the biological environment, it was important to evaluate the dissolution behavior of the NPs. The release of Ag+ and Au3+ ions from AgNPs and AuNPs surfaces was

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• times). All these changes resulted in the deposition of thinner films doped with Au+3 ions. Briefly, in a typical synthesis, a 10 wt % PVA stock solution was prepared by heating the required amount of PVA at 85 °C under reflux till complete dissolution of the polymer. After cooling the solution to room

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• but suffer from poor cyclic performance due to the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, a lightweight nanoporous TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) composite is prepared and utilized as an interlayer between a Li anode and a sulfur cathode to suppress the polysulfide migration and improve the

• ]. However, the development and widespread utilization of Li/S batteries is hindered by (i) the poor electronic/ionic conductivity of sulfur, causing a low reaction rate and electrochemical polarization, (ii) dissolution and the shuttle effect of intermediate polysulfides, resulting in the deposition of Li2S

• typical amorphous state with two weak diffraction peaks at about 25° and 48°, and the peaks of the Al3Ti and Al phases were absent, indicating almost complete dissolution of Al and the formation of amorphous TiO2. Figure 2b shows the Raman spectra of TiO2, GO and the TiO2/GO composite. The Raman spectrum

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• curves). Apart from the nanometer-sized material, the general high values reported in the literature can be attributed to dissolution in a higher pH (6.8) and at a higher temperature (37 °C) than that used in this study (pH 5.5 for skin products and 25 °C). Additionally, the in situ measurement with

• the skin. The dissolution kinetics of rutin from the smartPearls is much faster than from the raw rutin powder. With smartPearls, the solubility saturation is reached after almost 1 min, for the raw rutin powder, it takes 5–10 min. For the dermal formulation the kinetics is not relevant, only the

• if the diffused rutin molecules are replaced in the dermal formulation by faster or slower dissolution. In vitro skin penetration studies showed an even higher increase in penetration when a gel with smartPearls was compared to a gel with rutin powder (pig skin penetration test, tape stripping [24

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• precursor. In a typical procedure, 200 mg of zinc acetate was dissolved in 10 mL of mixed (1:1) solvent composed of 2-methoxyethanol and isopropanol. After complete dissolution of zinc acetate, 900 mg of PVP was added and the mixture was actively stirred for 5 h at 40 °C. The electrospinning of the polymer

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• reaction as Metallic tin forms on the surface nanodrops, dissolving tin dioxide and the products of the incomplete oxidation of tin (SnO, Sn2O3, Sn3O4) from the argon flow. This dissolution leads finally to the saturation of tin with tin dioxide that is stable at high temperature. After this saturation

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• be done without compromise to the catalyst layer performance and durability. It is known that catalyst degradation via platinum dissolution and carbon corrosion plays an important role in the voltage degradation of PEMFCs [6][7][8]. CB, which is widely used, particularly for its low cost, suffers

• dispersing the Pt3Co/N-CNT or Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT in a 0.1 M EDTA solution and using ultrasonication. For the Pt3Co/N-CNT catalyst, the solution become purple in a few seconds, indicating the fast and easy dissolution of the Co; while for Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT, the solution become blue after a few hours. One can suppose

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• the particle size and the size distribution of the growing NPs; ii) to immobilize the NPs either on the external surface or within nanoscale spaces, e.g., pores and intracrystalline cavities; iii) to diminish/to avoid NPs aggregation; iv) to suppress the NPs dissolution; v) to yield stable suspensions

• than bare ZnO. This was attributed to the dissolution of ZnO in acidic solution, which is suppressed by the hybridization with smectites [46][92][93]. CTA-smectites treated with a hydrothermal solution intercalation method at 70 °C for 10 h lead to ZnO@CTA-montmorillonite where the ZnO NPs are either

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• be determined experimentally, it would seem that the FluPep-functionalised nanoparticles may well be safe to deliver to target organs such the upper respiratory tract, a primary target for respiratory viruses including influenza. Although the mixed-matrix ligand shell largely prevents the dissolution

• of the silver, there are examples of ligand shells that allow solvent access to the silver and so the dissolution of the silver, at least under laboratory conditions [17]. Thus, it would be possible to design silver nanoparticles that act through FluPep ligand and released Ag+ ions. This would also

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• the slightly retained amorphous carbon might prevent potential dislocation and dissolution of the SnO2 particles. Conclusion The thermal oxidation of Sn-containing carbonaceous thin films on a carbon fiber surface, which was formed by sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of SnPc during a single-step

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• scanned on the glassy carbon surface, vivid information about the dynamics of deposit formation during discharge and dissolution during recharge is visualized in Movie 2 (Supporting Information File 3). Each of the nine areas scanned in a spiral pattern shows the similar behavior of the sudden appearance

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• ≤ 6), the final product of Li2S is formed upon discharging; and the charging process occurs through the reverse reactions [40]. The insulating nature of sulfur and the lithiation products (Li2S2 and Li2S), and the dissolution of higher-order Li2Sx (x = 4–8) are the main challenges in the application

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• -Aldrich. The two-components BluesilTM RTV 141 A&B as silicon film precursors was purchased from Bluestar Silicones (Elkem France). Synthesis procedures Preparation of the zinc single-layered hydroxide (Zn-SLH) The general procedure involves the dissolution of 50 mmol ZnAc2 in 0.5 L absolute EtOH at 85 °C

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• afforded a mixture of platinum-decorated nanorods and additional platinum nanoparticles that were not attached to CdSe@CdS nanorods. For the platinum deposition conducted in toluene, the unattached platinum particles were removed by several dissolution and precipitation cycles using toluene and ethanol

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• ultrasound power, corresponding to the red-shift of the PL emission peak, which is similar to the findings we recently reported [30]. While higher ultrasound power supports faster dissolution, it has also a strong impact on the homogeneity of the PNCs. For example, when the ultrasound power is 210 W, the UV

• be proven by the reduction of crystal size from 65 to 11.7 nm (Figure 1 and Figure 4). This is consistent with the findings reported by Wu and co-workers [20]. As the solubility of liquid paraffin or capping ligands in water is very low, further dissolution of CsPbBr3 PNCs is inhibited, which is

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• the MOF dispersions and the spreading process. However, bare MOF films do not completely cover the water surface, probably due to the dissolution of MOF sMPs into the aqueous subphase. As an alternative, the fabrication of mixed MOF/surfactant films has been optimized by using octadecylphosphonic acid

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• , no trace of the base structure remains. The carbon and nitrogen signals from the bases have much lower intensity, and the residual carbon is attributed to adventitious carbon only. This is exemplified by the C 1s peak of the film based on thymine in Figure 14. This indicates dissolution or

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• ] have been used for the deposition of epitaxial and polycrystalline LMO and doped LMO thin films enabling the control of the oxygen and cation stoichiometry. Since the precursor solution is simply prepared by dissolution of metalorganic species, the stoichiometry of the film is easily tuneable by

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• during the dissolution and recrystallization process. The dissolved nickel atoms may continuously attach and bond to the surface of larger nanopetals, and form flower-like structures in order to achieve a minimum total free energy. Chemical characteristics of the composite surface In order to clarify the

• explained through a preferential oxidation of Ti and Zr during the alloy fabrication and the subsequent oxidation exposed to the air. After immersion in 0.05 M HF for 4 h, the signals for Ti and Zr become very weak due to the dissolution of Ti and Zr. It is clarified that the surface film of as-spun alloy

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• limited by its significant dissolution (corrosion) at high anodic potential over the whole pH range (Figure 2) [10][11][12]. One strategy to address this limitation has involved mixing metallic Ru (or its oxides) with other solids (such as Ir [13][14][15][16][17][18], Ta [19], or Pt [20], TiO2 [21], Ni

• line). Regions of predominant thermodynamic stability and dissolution of the solid in water oxidation conditions are color-coded in green and red, respectively. Photographs and schematic drawings of laser-induced chemical liquid deposition geometry on planar (a,b) and nanostructured samples (c,d) from

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• interaction of HAp nanoobjects with cells when they are in the interior of the cells instead of being outside in close proximity. The growth stimulation in cells is probably related to a boost of PO43− that are a product of HAp dissolution. Phosphate groups can be used for ATP synthesis in mitochondria [63

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• ][2][3], resistance [4][5][6], magnetic moment [5][7], optical transmission [8] and selective chemical transport [9] have been reported in recent years, apart from the mechanical properties described below. Dealloying, a selective dissolution process, has become an established technique to produce

• refers to the small offset accumulated after an oxide half-cycle, which can be attributed to weak anodic palladium (oxide) dissolution [29]. The length changes upon voltammetric cycling are in agreement with recent results for dealloyed nanoporous palladium from different base alloys [17][18]. The highly

• electrochemical cell, using the same counter and reference electrodes as described for the in situ setup. As chemical dissolution processes can hardly be discerned from mechanical yielding on the basis of strain curves obtained in a dilatometer, dissolution processes should be minimised using an adequate

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• bonding geometry. We have previously reported that the selective growth of the silica core of binary PS/silica CMs and the subsequent dissolution of the polymeric satellites [19] leads to silica particles with a precise number of dimples. The PS chains which are chemically grafted onto the silica surface

• remain at the bottom of the dimples after the dissolution stage and can be specifically chemically modified providing both enthalpic and entropic characteristics to the patches [20][21]. Here we report the use of these patchy silica nanoparticles with two or four dimples as sp- and sp3-like colloidal

• of a central silica core and two or four PS nodules were prepared by the seeded-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene, according to an already published procedure [24]. The regrowth of the silica cores of the multipods, the subsequent dissolution of the PS nodules to create dimpled particles and

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• in PBS it resulted in amorphisation of the ICR-2 nanoparticles, and in the case of nanoICR-2/porphyrin in partial dissolution of the porphyrin. In order to ascertain the effects of the MOF structure on the porphyrin units, UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured and compared with the