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Search for "electron beam" in Full Text gives 376 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

  • Petronela Prepelita,
  • Ionel Stavarache,
  • Doina Craciun,
  • Florin Garoi,
  • Catalin Negrila,
  • Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
  • Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

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  • deposited by rfMS, the thermal treatments show superior performance in terms of the optical properties, such as an increase of the bandgap by 0.41 eV. On the other hand, ITO films deposited by electron beam evaporation do not exhibit an improvement of their optical properties even after thermal treatment
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Published 25 Jul 2019

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi2WO6 nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

  • Hong-long Shi,
  • Bin Zou,
  • Zi-an Li,
  • Min-ting Luo and
  • Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

Graphical Abstract
  • be a fundamental step for controllable engineering of defects. Electron-beam irradiation is a powerful technique to fabricate or modify materials at the nanoscale [21][22]. For example, electron irradiation can induce a phase transformation from crystalline to amorphous or vice versa [23][24]; the
  • knock-on effect of electron-beam irradiation will break chemical bonds and or knock off atoms directly from the surface of the irradiated material. Generally, it is thought that electron irradiation of materials containing heavy atoms by using a traditional transmission electron microscope (TEM) is not
  • effective. Considering that the atomic escape energies are relatively small [25][26], Bi2WO6 nanoflakes with a thickness below 10 nm will be favorable when defects are to be induced through electron irradiation. When subjected to intense electron-beam irradiation, various types of crystal defects, including
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Published 18 Jul 2019

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

  • Petr Knotek,
  • Tomáš Plecháček,
  • Jan Smolík,
  • Petr Kutálek,
  • Filip Dvořák,
  • Milan Vlček,
  • Jiří Navrátil and
  • Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

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  • diffusion or the reaction of the Mo layer with the Bi2Se3 substrate. To enhance the diffusion/reaction rate, we used e-beam irradiation. An area of the 8 × 10 µm2 was locally irradiated by an electron beam for different periods of time (75 s; 180 s and 360 s). This resulted in a nanocomposite material
  • for ten repetitions of a single-point and (B) induced changes in the topography and (C) height profiles across a perturbation and a non-affected area (horizontal lines in (B)). (A) SEM image of the Au layer (33 nm in thickness) on Bi2Se3 irradiated by the electron beam for different periods of time
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Published 15 Jul 2019

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

  • Lukas Grünewald,
  • Dagmar Gerthsen and
  • Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

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  • Lukas Grunewald Dagmar Gerthsen Simon Hettler Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.128 Abstract Background: Electron-beam shaping opens up the possibility for novel imaging techniques in scanning
  • (transmission) electron microscopy (S(T)EM). Phase-modulating thin-film devices (phase masks) made of amorphous silicon nitride are commonly used to generate a wide range of different beam shapes. An additional conductive layer on such a device is required to avoid charging under electron-beam irradiation
  • ; Bessel beam; electron-beam shaping; nanofabrication; vortex beam; Introduction The possibility to shape electron beams has gained much interest since the first observation of electron vortex beams, i.e., beams that carry a defined orbital angular momentum [1][2][3]. Various other beam shapes, e.g., non
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Published 25 Jun 2019

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

  • Malwina Liszewska,
  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Małgorzata Norek,
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
  • Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

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  • nanostructures fabricated using physical methods, such as semicontinuous metal films obtained via electron beam physical vapor deposition. In these studies, we investigate the influence of morphology of semicontinuous silver films on their SERS properties. The morphologies studied ranged from isolated particles
  • via various structuring methods. Electron beam lithography allows fabrication of planar [21] and 3D metallic structures [22]. Nanosphere lithography can be used to obtain nanotriangles [23] and nanocones [24]. Much attention has been also given to the deposition of metal onto nano- and micro
  • . SSFs can be fabricated on large area planar substrates using electron beam (or thermal) PVD techniques, and thus are simple to prepare and rather inexpensive. Island type structures can be also fabricated using pulsed laser deposition [42]. The SSFs form when 5–10 nm (mass thickness corresponding to
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Published 15 May 2019

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

  • Xiupei Yang,
  • Zhengli Yang,
  • Fenglin Tang,
  • Jing Xu,
  • Maoxue Zhang and
  • Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

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  • SAED pattern of each AuNC fraction was obtained by focusing the electron beam perpendicular to the TEM sample lying flat on the support carbon film. The blurry characteristic rings from inner to outer in the polycrystalline diffraction pattern can be indexed as {111}, {200}, {220}, {311}, and {331
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Published 25 Apr 2019

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O2 battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

  • Kumar Virwani,
  • Younes Ansari,
  • Khanh Nguyen,
  • Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
  • Jangwoo Kim,
  • Maxwell J. Giammona,
  • Ho-Cheol Kim and
  • Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

Graphical Abstract
  • al. [18] used transmission electron microscopy to investigate electrochemical processes of Li/O2 cells. In situ observations using electron beams tend to have limited time for observation as the electron beam reacts with the Li and the Li/O2 discharge products. Lu et al. [19] used ambient pressure X
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Published 24 Apr 2019

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Mariusz Kuźma,
  • Barbara Nasiłowska,
  • Bartosz Bartosewicz,
  • Malwina Liszewska and
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

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  • physical methods include fabrication of nanostructured silver films by electron-beam evaporation [16], gas aggregation [17] and radio-frequency sputtering [18]. The advantages of certain physical methods over chemical methods include that there is no reagent contamination and that the monodispersity of
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Published 16 Apr 2019

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

  • Sha Dong,
  • Xiaoli Sun and
  • Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

Graphical Abstract
  • Mo by Re atoms [28], electron-beam irradiation [31] and hot-electron injection [32]. Recently, it was reported that MoS2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/S cathodes for Li–S batteries exhibit outstanding performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that few-layered MoS2 is
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Published 26 Mar 2019

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

  • Guochao Shi,
  • Mingli Wang,
  • Yanying Zhu,
  • Yuhong Wang,
  • Xiaoya Yan,
  • Xin Sun,
  • Haijun Xu and
  • Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

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  • invaluable in research and industrial application. Researchers have paid attention to physical methods (“top-down” techniques) such as focused ion beam lithography (FIB) [14][15], electron beam lithography (EBL) [16][17] or soft nanoimprint nanolithography (NIL) [18], which can produce controllable shapes
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Published 28 Feb 2019

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS2 using in situ optical spectroscopy

  • Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
  • Yaxu Wei,
  • Wanfu Shen,
  • Daniel Kahr,
  • Michael Hohage and
  • Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

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  • processes used for the synthesis of 2D TMDCs are very complicated, involving gases with pressure in the range between atmosphere and several mbar, the characterization methods based on electron beam techniques are not applicable and the in situ real time study becomes very challenging. On the other hand
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Published 26 Feb 2019

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO2 conversion

  • Qianyi Cui,
  • Gangqiang Qin,
  • Weihua Wang,
  • Lixiang Sun,
  • Aijun Du and
  • Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

Graphical Abstract
  • refractory nature [11][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Moreover, BN nanomaterials have been used as superior substrates for doping various transition metals by electron beam irradiation [42] or solvent exfoliation [43] to form selected point defects, which are preferred to growing specific boron vacancies [42
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Published 22 Feb 2019

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO2 nanorods

  • Julian Kalb,
  • Vanessa Knittel and
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

Graphical Abstract
  • nanocrystals and provide the growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods in well-defined areas. Due to the small tip radius, the resolution of this method is excellent and the method is quite inexpensive compared to electron-beam lithography and similar methods providing a position-controlled growth of semiconducting TiO2
  • hydrothermally grown rutile TiO2 nanorods [36]. Beside the homogeneous growth on macroscopic areas, we indicated how to trigger the growth via conventional electron-beam lithography locally. In this report, we apply an advanced but inexpensive scanning probe lithography technique to draw thin lines of nanorods
  • directly on polycrystalline anatase TiO2 films. The resulting nanorod arrangements are compared with similar structures obtained with conventional electron-beam lithography, which is a more expensive and laborious procedure. The method is drafted in Figure 1. A silicon tip, as it is used in a conventional
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Published 08 Feb 2019

Uniform Sb2S3 optical coatings by chemical spray method

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Ilona Oja Acik,
  • Arvo Mere and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

Graphical Abstract
  • spectrometer with ESPRIT 1.8 system at the Zeiss HR FESEM Ultra 55 scanning electron microscope (SEM) operating at an accelerating voltage of 7 kV. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the layers were recorded by the same SEM system at an electron beam accelerating voltage of 4 kV. Unpolarized micro
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Published 15 Jan 2019

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

  • Xiaomei Zeng,
  • Vasiliy Pelenovich,
  • Zhenguo Wang,
  • Wenbin Zuo,
  • Sergey Belykh,
  • Alexander Tolstogouzov,
  • Dejun Fu and
  • Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

Graphical Abstract
  • at the full gas supply is 0.13 Pa in the nozzle chamber, 5 × 10−3 Pa in the ionization chamber, and 3 × 10−3 Pa in the processing chamber. The base gas pressure is 2 × 10−4 Pa. In Figure 1 two time-of-flight mass spectra of the cluster beam ionized by an electron beam with different energies Ee are
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Published 10 Jan 2019

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

  • Florian Dumitrache,
  • Iuliana P. Morjan,
  • Elena Dutu,
  • Ion Morjan,
  • Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
  • Monica Scarisoreanu,
  • Alina Ilie,
  • Marius Dumitru,
  • Cristian Mihailescu,
  • Adriana Smarandache and
  • Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

Graphical Abstract
  • solutions [13] and iv.) iron by laser pyrolysis [14][15] or by electron beam evaporation [16]. Cobalt-doped tin oxide has also been reported, and the resulting polycrystalline films were prepared by spin-coating and annealing from chloride ethanolic solutions resulted in lower bandgap values than pure SnO2
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Published 02 Jan 2019

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

  • Markus Gößler,
  • Eva-Maria Steyskal,
  • Markus Stütz,
  • Norbert Enzinger and
  • Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

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  • vs Ag/AgCl in 1 M KOH) was determined. Experimental Alloy fabrication A Co75Pd25 master alloy was prepared from Pd granules (AlfaAesar, 99.95%) and Co slug (AlfaAesar, 99.95%) via electron-beam melting. The sample was melted multiple times to ensure complete intermixing in the liquid state and
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Published 10 Dec 2018

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

  • Diana El Khoury,
  • Richard Arinero,
  • Jean-Charles Laurentie,
  • Mikhaël Bechelany,
  • Michel Ramonda and
  • Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

Graphical Abstract
  • electron beam bombardment can irreversibly electrically charge the material [20][21]. Moreover, while in the case of composites with 1D or 2D inclusions, the interphase can be directly accessed after cross-sectioning [20][21]; interphase characterization is more difficult for nanoparticle-filled materials
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Published 07 Dec 2018

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO2 matrix using ion beam mixing

  • Xiaomo Xu,
  • Thomas Prüfer,
  • Daniel Wolf,
  • Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
  • Lothar Bischoff,
  • René Hübner,
  • Karl-Heinz Heinig,
  • Wolfhard Möller,
  • Stefan Facsko,
  • Johannes von Borany and
  • Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

Graphical Abstract
  • surface of the top Si layer (red). In order to quantify the number of observed Si NCs, a line profile of the Si plasmon-loss intensity is obtained across the layer. This line section is converted into a projected thickness of Si and presented in Figure 6c. Using the intensity of the initial electron beam
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Published 16 Nov 2018

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

  • Philip D. Prewett,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen,
  • Claudia Lenk,
  • Steve Lenk,
  • Marcus Kaestner,
  • Tzvetan Ivanov,
  • Ahmad Ahmad,
  • Ivo W. Rangelow,
  • Xiaoqing Shi,
  • Stuart A. Boden,
  • Alex P. G. Robinson,
  • Dongxu Yang,
  • Sangeetha Hari,
  • Marijke Scotuzzi and
  • Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

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  • which electron beam lithography developed out of the scanning electron microscope, three state-of-the-art charged-particle beam nanopatterning technologies are considered. All three have been the subject of a recently completed European Union Project entitled “Single Nanometre Manufacturing: Beyond CMOS
  • to write circuit patterns by scanning the beam under computer control to expose a thin layer of electron sensitive polymer resist on the surface of a silicon wafer is a process now universally familiar as electron beam lithography or EBL [7]. EBL has become an important R&D tool for micro and
  • multibeam electron writers [13] are emerging as novel tools of the future. In addition to resist-based lithography, these are capable of writing patterns by electron beam induced deposition [14]. Focused ion beam tools are also becoming increasingly important. The latter include multi-beam ion beam systems
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Published 14 Nov 2018

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

  • Sherif Okeil and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

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  • -30 FEG using an electron beam at 25 kV. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the silver films were recorded using a Tecnai G2 F20 microscope operating at 200 kV after the use of focused-ion beam (FIB) for sample preparation [74]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on a
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Published 07 Nov 2018

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

  • Naoual Allali,
  • Veronika Urbanova,
  • Mathieu Etienne,
  • Xavier Devaux,
  • Martine Mallet,
  • Brigitte Vigolo,
  • Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
  • Chris P. Ewels,
  • Sven Oberg,
  • Alexander V. Soldatov,
  • Edward McRae,
  • Yves Fort,
  • Manuel Dossot and
  • Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

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  • 80 kV in order to minimize knock-on damage to the samples. HRSTEM images were recorded using an electron beam with a probe-size of about 0.12 nm. High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) and bright-field (BF) images were simultaneously recorded with a semi-angle of collection of respectively 45–180 mrad
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Published 26 Oct 2018

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

  • Antonino Foti,
  • Francesco Barreca,
  • Enza Fazio,
  • Cristiano D’Andrea,
  • Paolo Matteini,
  • Onofrio Maria Maragò and
  • Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

Graphical Abstract
  • tip [29][30]. TERS tips are nowadays produced by the chemical/electrochemical etching of metal wires [31][32][33][34][35], metal coatings of AFM tips [36][37][38], electroless deposition, [39] galvanic displacement [40] or by advanced nanostructuration techniques such as electron beam induced
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Published 22 Oct 2018

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

  • Nima Khoshsirat,
  • Fawad Ali,
  • Vincent Tiing Tiong,
  • Mojtaba Amjadipour,
  • Hongxia Wang,
  • Mahnaz Shafiei and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

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  • silver collection grid was deposited on top using electron-beam evaporation. It is worth mentioning that the fabrication of a cell on a single-layer Mo-coated glass also has been tried. However, the Mo films were peeled-off from the substrate during CdS CBD. Thus, herein only the performance of a cell
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Published 18 Oct 2018

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

  • Gwénaëlle Lamri,
  • Alessandro Veltri,
  • Jean Aubard,
  • Pierre-Michel Adam,
  • Nordin Felidj and
  • Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

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  • plasmonic resonances and the excited state of photochromic molecules, as well as the existence of a strong coupling regime when the plasmonic resonance matches the wavelength of the molecular transition. Theoretical calculations confirm our experimental findings. Experimental We used standard electron-beam
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Published 08 Oct 2018
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