Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, have significantly grown [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. These applications have been fostered by the availability of noble metal nanostructures, which are either intentionally fabricated with the aim of optimizing the signal intensity and reproducibility [2][3] or carefully

•  1A show typical average sizes of such inter-island channels. SERS hinges on the strong interaction between noble metal NPs and visible light through the resonant collective excitation of NP conduction electrons. The resulting surface plasmon resonance peak [28] displays a maximum at about 780 nm

Distribution of Pd clusters on ultrathin, epitaxial TiO_x films on Pt₃Ti(111)

• Christian Breinlich,
• Maria Buchholz,
• Marco Moors,
• Tobias Pertram,
• Conrad Becker and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2007–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.204

• describes the influence of a transition metal oxide support on noble metal clusters yielding novel catalytic properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In order to understand this effect, well-defined model systems are needed. “Well-defined” refers to both the clusters and the supporting substrate, as exemplified in

In situ SU-8 silver nanocomposites

• Søren V. Fischer,
• Basil Uthuppu and
• Mogens H. Jakobsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1661–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.168

• photoresist; in situ synthesis; metal nanoparticles; micro and nanofabrication; nanocomposite; Findings Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been of high interest for many years as their unique properties make them useable in a large variety of applications [1]. The application of these NPs ranges from

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• is not proportional to the silver content. Nanoparticles with a silver/gold molar composition of 80:20 showed the highest toxicity. Keywords: cytotoxicity; gold; nanoalloys; nanoparticles; silver; Introduction Over the last decades, noble metal nanoparticles have become a prominent subject in

• of the two noble metals. Silver, as the less noble metal, is reduced more slowly than gold, leading to a slower nucleation and larger particle diameter for high silver content. Compared to the TEM images, the DCS measurements resulted in smaller nanoparticle diameters. This is due to a slightly

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• ] and electromigrated junctions [7], with the use of gold as the preferred material for electrodes, due to its noble metal character and (relatively) easy handling. The use of gold, however, brings several well known disadvantages: The mobility of the atoms limits the stability of the junctions and

Electromagnetic enhancement of ordered silver nanorod arrays evaluated by discrete dipole approximation

• Guoke Wei,
• Jinliang Wang and
• Yu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 686–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.69

• the underlying mechanism is still unclear, electromagnetic (EM) enhancement arising from the electric field in the vicinity of noble metal structure is considered as the dominant mechanism for such a dramatic Raman enhancement in most cases [4]. Both theoretical and experimental studies have revealed

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• where produced by laser ablation in liquids [52][53], which allows for the synthesis of highly pure particles free of any stabilisers or reducing agents which might exert a toxicological impact of their own. In addition, laser ablation of solid noble metal alloy targets in water results in homogenous

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• ; nano photocatalysts; noble metal; photodeposition; sunlight; Introduction Heterogeneous photocatalysts that employ TiO2 as metal oxide photocatalyst have raised the interest of many researchers since the discovery of the photocatalytic splitting of water under UV light irradiation by Fujishima and

• most promising strategy to defeat the limitations of TiO2. This is due to the characteristics of noble metals, which can drastically enhance the absorption of visible light through localized surface plasmon resonance effects (LSPRs) [23][24]. The LSPR absorption in noble metal NPs arise from the

• collective oscillation of conduction electrons that are induced by the incident electromagnetic radiation [9]. Moreover, the formation of Schottky barriers caused by the contact of noble metal NPs with the semiconductor photocatalyst further enhance the separation of electrons and holes, which in turn reduce

Influence of size, shape and core–shell interface on surface plasmon resonance in Ag and Ag@MgO nanoparticle films deposited on Si/SiO_x

• Sergio D’Addato,
• Daniele Pinotti,
• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Guido Paolicelli,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Sergio Valeri,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Luca Bergamini and
• Stefano Corni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 404–413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.40

• achieved in organic solar cells by incorporating Ag NPs on surface-modified transparent electrodes [8], and in LEDs by increasing their external quantum efficiency [6]. On the other hand, a number of studies on the optical properties of noble metal NPs on different surfaces have been performed [10][11

Synthesis, characterization, monolayer assembly and 2D lanthanide coordination of a linear terphenyl-di(propiolonitrile) linker on Ag(111)

• Zhi Chen,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• José I. Urgel,
• David Écija,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Willi Auwärter,
• Johannes V. Barth and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 327–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.31

• surface bonding, mobility and lateral interactions between metal centers and linkers [54]. We attribute the observed, reduced order to the high reactivity of the –C≡C– bonds in propiolonitrile groups. From bulk chemistry, it is well known that the activation of the acetylene group by noble metal

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• investigations revealed that the most important factors affecting cell viability and internalization by human cells are the type of metal (e.g., inorganic noble metal, metal oxide, semiconductor nanoparticles), the shape (e.g., rods, spheres, asymmetric assemblies) and the surface charge (negative, neutral or

• noble metal and metal oxide nanoparticles the shape seems to have a higher influence on cell metabolism than the surface coating and the resulting charge. The number of ZnS monolayers (ML) and the surface coating of QDs influences cell viability The evaluation of the most suitable number of ZnS

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• of the cell [40]. However, to conclude this long-term tests are needed. Catalysts: Similar to LT-PEMFCs and PAFCs, carbon-supported platinum is the main catalyst material used in PBI-phosphoric acid fuel cells. A difference is the noble metal loading of the GDEs, which is approximately 1 mg/cm2, much

• higher than the typical Pt loading reported for LT-PEMFCs (0.1–0.4 mg/cm2). The high noble-metal loading is mainly accounted to the pure utilization of platinum because the electrolyte partially floods the catalyst layer. In addition, the anion adsorption impedes the ORR in concentrated phosphoric acid

• . To reduce the noble-metal loading of a fuel cell, platinum alloy catalysts such as PtNi and PtCo may be used. However, the stability of these Pt alloy catalysts is questionable partially because, under fuel cell operating conditions, transition metals such as nickel and cobalt are expected to form

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• noble metal nanoparticles (2–5 nm diameter). Fluorescence labelling with ATTO 647N gave the model particles which are now under biophysical investigation. Keywords: fluorescence labelling; noble metal nanoparticles; platinum-decorated ceria nanoparticles; perylene diimide; polyorganosiloxane core

• observe any labelling of pure noble metal NP. It would be desirable to have an estimate of the average number of fluorescent dye molecules attached to a nanoparticle. For low dye loading, one can use stepwise bleaching of single fluorescent molecules on a nanoparticle in a confocal microscope [5]. When

• metallic catalysts. For automobile catalytic converters meso- or nanoporous ceria or alumina is used as washcoat (on which the noble metal catalysts are deposited) for cordierite, the latter supplying the required mechanical strength. Here the oxygen storage capacity of CeO2 improves the performance of the

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

• Dan Lis and
• Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

• , thanks to diffraction, without considering the dispersion issue. This is currently achieved by using a metallic grating in external reflection geometry (Figure 3c). The strong EM field enhancements g achieved with noble metal nanostructures have been extensively exploited in SERS. While the SERS

• was achieved by scanning the infrared between 980 and 1100 cm−1 with a free electron laser (CLIO) [72]. Significant amplifications of the SFG intensity from LSPR excitation were reported by other groups. In 2009, Li et al. demonstrated that a noble metal surface with a controlled roughness could lead

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• almost 8 eV at a coverage of 0.5 eMLIr(100) [59]. We note, however, that Au binds strongly to other noble metal substrates. For instance, on Rh(110) the binding energy of Au is 3.5 eV at ML-coverage [60]. Due to the strong interaction with Ir, the adsorption of Au weakens the C–Ir bonds, and the high

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• a defined surface area, inhibiting further growth and coalescence (Figure 5B) [81]. Next to gold nanoparticles, size control of less noble metal nanoparticles like silver or AuAg alloys may also be relevant for toxicological assays, as particle size, which goes along with changes in curvature and

• pulsed laser fragmentation in liquids (PLFL), in situ size quenching by electrolytes, delayed conjugation in liquid flow and pulsed laser melting in liquids (PLML). For gold as an exemplary inert noble metal, these methods allow for the tuning of the particle diameters in the range 4–400 nm. However

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• to positively charged NPs [121][122]. iii) Lipids present in membranes or second-messenger lipids wrap around NPs driven by hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction and often result in formation of micelles [123][124]. iv) Thiols, present in glutathione or reduced proteins bind to the surface of noble

• metal NPs, in particular to Au NPs [125][126]. v) Proteins, in general, tend to adsorb to surfaces, which is also true on the nanometer scale. Adsorption of albumin is, for example, an integral part of opsonization [127][128]. The proteins adsorbed to the surface of NPs are typically termed protein

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• lower costs and minimal side effects [24]. Because of their biocompatibility, noble metal nanoparticles, particularly AuNPs, are more preferable in various biomedical applications, including highly sensitive diagnostic assays [25], thermal ablation, radiotherapy enhancement [26][27][28], as well as for

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• ion beam induced growth of nanoparticles and structural modifications in the titania matrix. Keywords: noble metal–titania nanocomposite; surface plasmon resonance; swift heavy ions; Introduction Metal nanoparticles embedded in dielectric matrices in the form of nanocomposites have gained

• semiconducting matrices, such as SnO2 [10], ZnO [11] and CdS [12] for the embedding of noble metal nanoparticles has shown great potential. Thin films and nanostructures of TiO2 are probably one of the most investigated systems for different applications, such as memristors, dye-sensitized solar cells

• result in reduction, growth, or elongation of nanoparticles in a controlled manner and thereby facilitating the tuning of the SPR wavelength of the nanocomposite system. In the scenario described here, the aim was to study the swift heavy ion irradiation of noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a matrix

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• after annealing of noble metal single crystal electrodes has been investigated earlier for Pt(111) [24], Pt(100) and Pt(110) surfaces [6]. It was reported that the use of CO as a cooling gas for Pt(110) leads to the formation of an unreconstructed (1×1) surface [6][25], while cooling in N2 preserves the

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• oxidation was 1.7, 2.2 and 2.3 V (vs Mg) on platinum, stainless steel and glassy carbon electrodes, respectively. As the borohydride electrolytes are not corrosive, these stability trends are opposite of those observed for other magnesium electrolytes. The higher stability of the borohydride on a non-noble

• metal suggests catalytic effects of platinum on BH4− decomposition. Until this point, the borohydride electrolytes remain the only ionic and halide free salts that are highly compatible with magnesium metal. 2.1.2 Non-Grignard-based haloaluminate reagents: In order to increase the stability of the

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• ], compatibility with other nanodevices, and are potentially the best gas sensors. Oxides cannot easily distinguish between different types of gases, but the addition of certain noble metals as dopants can promote the gas-sensing performance [9][10][11]. Noble metal dopants in ZnO can modify the optical and

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• noble metal nanoparticles onto porous substrates, the most popular being the adsorption and decomposition of a precursor material, such as a salt of the respective noble metal. This technique is widely used to produce catalysts in industry [37]. We decided to use the most common gold compound

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• functionalized surface A noble-metal cocatalyst, such as Pt, is usually indispensable for many photocatalysts to achieve high photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production. It was recently reported that the valance state of platinum plays an important role in the hydrogen production efficiency, and oxidized

• platinum was demonstrated to be more efficient than metallic platinum as cocatalyst for hydrogen production [23][24]. Taking into account the cost of the designed photocatalyst for commercial purposes, the development of noble-metal free cocatalysts is still valued. Alternative cocatalysts such as MoS2

• as electron trapping sites and extract photogenerated electrons from Cd0.5Zn0.5S substrate, which finally leads to spatially separated photoreduction and oxidation reactions. NiS plays a similar role as a noble metal, which can provide active sites for proton reduction, and thus efficiently enhance

Resonance of graphene nanoribbons doped with nitrogen and boron: a molecular dynamics study

• Ye Wei,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Kang Xia,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 717–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.84

• synthesised through chemical functionalization with hydroxy and methyl groups or hydrogen [10], the decoration with quantum dots [11], noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) [12], or complex biomolecular structures [13][14]. A number of works have been conducted to investigate the properties of graphene derivatives