Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• ultimate goal of diagnosis and treatment with better efficacy. However, ACNPs have proven their ability to deliver chemotherapeutics specifically to the tumors and are currently the most beneficial targeted conjugated therapy in preclinical studies. However, ACNPs have not been passed phase-III clinical

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• concentrations of SPIONs (1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were added, and cells were cultured for 96 h. The cell density was calculated every 24 h by counting the number of cells in a Neubauer chamber using contrast-phase light microscopy. Besides, SPIONs were also evaluated against intracellular amastigotes, the

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• solvent phase or the double-deck assembly. Since non-adsorbed alkyl chains cannot be detected by STM, the missing (non-observed) alkyl chains are considered as dangling into the solvent phase [68][69][70]. For example, physisorbed monolayers of 1,3,5-tetra(hexadecyloxy)benzene (B-OC16: Scheme 1) were

• were partially desorbed from the surface of HOPG. Desorption from the surface is unfavorable regarding enthalpy. However, the detached alkyl chain is mobile in the solution phase; thus, desorption from the surface is favorable concerning entropy. Therefore, the peculiar 2D structural change can be

• dangled into the solvent phase (Figure 6c–e). The formation of porous and non-porous networks depends on the alkyl chain length and the concentration of the alkoxy-substituted DBA derivatives [92]. Shorter alkoxy chains and lower concentrations are preferable for the formation of porous honeycomb

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• resonance in solution-phase samples [15][18][19][20][21][22]. In these works, the NHC monolayer films were formed using several different approaches and preparations [16]. Indeed, a recent feature article highlights four methods to prepare NHC films [16]. For example, Crudden and co-workers have presented

• after only 30 min, that was at a substantially higher concentration of 2 in THF. In terms of generalizability, though, we are able to clearly show that etching of gold occurs from both thin films and nanoparticles, and in a single organic phase and a mixed organic and aqueous phase. Conclusion The

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• ) criteria need to be considered early on in the conceptual phase. Furthermore, direct fabrication is more costly than creating molds from a polymer master, and the fabrication cost is a crucial factor when a new medical device is launched onto the market. Conclusion Microneedles are emerging as a new

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• this angle of observation. During the bombardments, a Langevin thermostat is only applied to a slab at the bottom of the sample, which has a thickness of one unit cell. The remaining sample is in the NVE ensemble. Only during the cooldown phase following the development of the collision cascade, the

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• . Composition and β-phase content of the piezoelectric composite films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the composite film fibers was observed through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene composite film was encapsulated in a sandwich-structure heart sound

• utilized to analyze the composition and β-phase content of the composite piezoelectric nanofilms, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the morphology of the thin film filaments. Figure 6 displays the XRD patterns of the three composite piezoelectric nanofilms. In the P(VDF-TrFE

• XRD map of the composite nanofilm. This indicates that ZnO exists in the form of nanoparticles in the fiber film after being added to P(VDF-TrFE) [20][21]. P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR exhibits the highest β-phase content among the three films, with P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO showing a slightly higher content than P(VDF

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• ) and a biphasic drug release profile with an initial burst release followed by a prolonged phase. The hydrodynamic average diameter and zeta potential of NLC obtained by dynamic light scattering were approximately 150 nm and −13 mV, respectively, while spherical and well-distributed nanoparticles were

• might present or mild, nonspecific, or no symptoms. This phase is followed by a chronic stage where parasites can be primarily found inside specific tissues. Decades after infection, signs and symptoms of damage to target organs, mainly the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and brain appear in 20–30% of

• macromolecules under aerobic and anaerobic conditions [5]. Cure rates are high when BNZ is administered during the acute phase [6]; however, in the chronic stage the cure rate is estimated to be less than 10% [7]. Some authors differ about this percentage owing to the variability in sensibility of the tests that

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• of nanoparticles. Ag NPs were created by reducing AgNO3 solution with NaBH4 as a reducing agent and TCD as a stabilizer [43][44]. Mineral oil served as a continuous phase when combined with the surfactant Span 80 (2% w/v). To prevent droplets from coalescing in the microchannel, Span 80 was added to

• lower the interfacial tension between oil and aqueous phase. For the synthesis of Ag NPs, 20 mL of AgNO3 and 20 mL of TCD were mixed in a 1:3 molar ratio to form the reactant solution, designated as solution (a). 20 mL of NaBH4 and NaOH were mixed in a 1:3 molar ratio, designated as solution (b). Two

• centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 5 min to separate the Ag NPs solution and remove the oil phase. Finally, the Ag NPs suspension was stored in a dark vial at room temperature for further experiments. Fabrication of porous silicon (PS) substrate A p-type Si(100) wafer with a resistivity of 0.01–0.09 Ω·cm was used

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• and GeO2 should be 2:1. However, in the previous report [29], up to a molar ratio of 2.5, the GeO2 phase still remained. Therefore, in this work, Mg and GeO2 powders were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:4 (approximately a molar ratio of 3.5:1) to ascertain the formation of the pure Ge phase. The XRD

• related to the Ge phase are observable, while those of the carbon phase do not appear. There are no significant differences between the XRD patterns of pure Ge and the composites, which implies that the presence of carbon does not alter the structure of Ge. Chemical bonds and the carbon phases in the

• the low-frequency region. The former component is characteristic of charge transfer resistance, while the latter presents the diffusion of ions in the solid phase. Compared to the pure Ge electrode, the diameters of the semicircle are smaller in the Ge@C electrodes because of the higher electrical

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• temperature field and the gas phase chemistry evolve concurrently inside the flame [24]; thus, particle formation and CNT growth occur almost instantaneously. The rapid particle formation from the surface breakup produces a heterogenous particle size distribution. Consequently, particle bundles can be

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China 10.3762/bjnano.14.55 Abstract In situ X-ray diffraction indicates that the structural phase transition from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 is a first-order transition with a phase transition temperature range of 378.5–443.1 °C. The linear coefficients of thermal expansion of h-MoO3 are

• strongly anisotropic, that is, αa=b = 72.87 × 10−6 K−1 and αc = −19.44 × 10−6 K−1. In the h-MoO3 phase, water molecules are located at the (0 0 0.25) site inside the MoO6 octahedra tunnel that is formed by six MoO6 corner-sharing octahedron zigzag chains. With increasing temperature, the release of water

• molecules from the octahedra tunnel causes the octahedra chains to shrink and the octahedra tunnel to expand. When the phase transition occurs, the anomalous expansion of the MoO6 octahedra tunnel ruptures the Mo–O2 bonds, forming individual MoO6 octahedron zigzag chains that then share corners to generate

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• contribution from resistance, capacitance, constant phase element, and Warburg element to the total impedance at various RH. Physical models describing the impact of chemisorption and physisorption processes are proposed to clarify the observed changes in the impedance spectra, discuss gas sensing mechanisms

• contains contributions from the water layer adsorbed on the nanowires, as well as from nanowire–nanowire and nanowire–electrode junctions (Figure 2b). The plots above RH 50% have the shapes of distorted circle parts, which denotes the presence of constant phase elements Q in the equivalent circuits (Figure

• phase angle ϕ = tan−1(Z″/Z′) (where Z′ is the real part and Z″ is the imaginary part) are shown in Bode plots (Figure 2c,d). At RH levels below 50%, the log Z curves in the Bode plots (Figure 2c) show a linear dependence on log f in the complete frequency range and the impedance modules at low

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• , for periodic nanostructures, especially when the unit cell is much smaller than the incident wavelength and all dipoles can be assumed to oscillate in phase, the formula of the multipole decomposition can also be used [19][20]. The obtained results will provide important insight into the origin of the

• towards the center of the disk in the negative z-direction. Optical force with the anapole excitation The anapole resonance needs the simultaneous excitations of a TD and an ED, whose radiations into the far field should be out of phase to form a destructive interference to eliminate the overall

• resonance wavelength of 1680 nm, the ED and TD have the same magnitude. In addition, we can clearly see in Figure 3d that TD and ED have opposite phases and the phase difference between TD and ED at 1680 nm |(P)−(ikT)| is approximately equal to π. These results confirm that the resonance in Figure 3a is

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• limited resources. Additionally, the mobile phase utilized in the separation of antibiotics and hormones affects the chromatography’s ability to detect substances [23]. The advantages of SERS are its rapid detection time, affordable detection cost, and ease of use. It also has a number of drawbacks, such

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• Degussa P25 sample. Two series of samples were obtained. Series “a” includes thermally treated TiO2 nanoparticles (to remove impurities) that have different proportions of the anatase phase (41.12–90.74%) mixed with rutile and small crystallite sizes of 11–22 nm. Series “b” series represents nanoparticles

• with high purity, which did not require thermal treatment after synthesis (ca. 1 atom % of impurities). These nanoparticles show an increased anatase phase content (77.33–87.42%) and crystallite sizes of 23–45 nm. The TEM images showed that in both series small crystallites form spheroidal

• (point defects), there are some deviations. The small oxygen deficiency observed even after calcination is related to remaining chlorine impurities and Ti3+ ions that resisted calcination. Phase composition and crystallites sizes of the TiO2 powders were investigated. The X-ray diffractograms of the

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• that these factors linearly depend on the difference between the velocities and exponentially decrease with the distance in phase (velocity, coordinate) space {v,r} between the chosen particle and each segment: As it was mentioned, the particles are involved in the water motion. Thus, the same velocity

Transferability of interatomic potentials for silicene

• Marcin Maździarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 574–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.48

• (TDS), honeycomb dumbbell (HDS), and large honeycomb dumbbell (LHDS) silicene [8]. There are still doubts about their dynamic stability. For example, for a flat phase, the negative ZO phonon mode could be removed by the selection of an appropriate substrate [3][9]. The ability of potentials for 3D

• for the LBS phase and are limited to 2D Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio only. These quantities are also in reasonable agreement with the present results. It is worth noting that all calculated 2D Kelvin moduli for all silicene phases are positive, which results in mechanical stability [25]. The

• phase is mechanically stable, but can be dynamically unstable, that is, the optical ZO phonon mode has a negative frequency. Other authors have also observed similar FS phase behavior [4][13]. However, since silicene is not a free-standing structure in nature, the selection of a proper substrate may

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• , some sharp diffraction peaks (35.65°, 41.40°, 60°, 71.78°, and 75.5°) can be detected, which point to the (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) of β-SiC, indicating that the pristine SiC phase was maintained after surface carbonization and hydrolysis. The relative intensity of the SiC diffraction peaks

• gradually gets weaker with increasing added amounts of ZnNO3·6H2O. Also, a small peak at 26.5°, which corresponds to the (002) reflection of amorphous carbon, can be found in the SCZ samples, especially when the dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O is low. A carbon phase on the SiC surface was obtained through the removal

• . Figure 2c clearly shows the two kinds of interfaces, that is (1) the interface between a SiC core and a carbon shell and (2) the interface between the carbon phase and a ZnO particle. The (111) and (002) interplane spacings of, respectively, β-SiC and ZnO can be seen (Figure 2d,f), while the carbon is an

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• biohybrid system. The microorganisms to be encapsulated were cultivated and 30 mL of culture medium at an optical density of 0.8–1.0 were taken during the exponential growth phase and then centrifuged for 10 min at 8000 rpm and 24 °C. The supernatant was discarded and the cells were re-suspended in 1 mL of

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• individual spectra, the limits of the published metrics can be tested, and recommendations can be made for improved Raman analysis approaches. Methods Rather than using commercial GNP products, we produced a dispersion by sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, using graphite (Sigma-Aldrich, UK

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• structure. The pigments are obtained via the addition of coloring ions to boehmite from recycled metallic aluminium. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the crystallographic phase. Additionally, the oxidation state 3+ responsible for the greenish (chromium) and reddish (iron

• to use chromium as a coloring ion to obtain the same color result, without using toxic precursors. Remarkably, iron oxide red belongs to the class of yellow, red, and brown ocher, whose color depends on the crystallographic phase [11]. The hematite phase (α-Fe2O3) is the most stable, and its shade

• boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) obtained from recycling aluminium can seals as a precursor. The boehmite phase was chosen because it is a lamellar phase and can allocate ions between the lamellas. The aluminium recycling process to obtain boehmite is based on the acid digestion of metallic aluminium can seals. After

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• -dimensional solid phase, and the terminal alkynes of neighboring molecules with rectangular pores are closer together, facilitating the reaction. These techniques allow for the nanoarchitectonics of two-dimensional COFs. Although the abovementioned examples describe only a part of the past accomplishments

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• friendly nature [11]. Even though transition-metal-based catalysts still suffer from low surface areas [12], dissolution and aggregation of metallic phase and metal oxides during the active OER process occurs [13]. Hence, Ni-, Fe- and/or Co-based catalysts have been synthesized as hybrid catalysts with

• the surface of nickel foam. The chronoamperometric graph recorded during the deposition is presented in Figure 1a. Each synthesis (except that of GO) began with a fast increase of the cathodic current, which is associated with the formation of the new catalyst phase on the surface of the substrate [25

• phase element (Zview). The OER stability test was carried out by chronoamperometry at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 for 22 h. The recorded current values were normalized by the geometric area of the nickel electrode (0.25 cm2). All of the potentials were iR-corrected. The equation: η = E(10 mA·cm−2

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• lack of the required free carrier concentration. Similar to how the free carrier density of metals can be tuned by size, morphology, and refractive index of the nanomaterial, the free carrier density of semiconductors can be easily tuned by doping, temperature variations, or by phase transitions. LSPR

• water vaporisation can be calculated from Δm is the water mass loss during irradiation, is the phase change enthalpy of water to vapour, M is the molar mass of water, I is the solar power intensity at the surface of the sample, S is the irradiated area of the water surface, and τ is the irradiation

• , nanomaterials are used in conjunction with a phase-change material for energy storage applications, and when plasmonic nanoparticles are integrated into a solid phase-change material (n-PCM), the energy balance equation is be given by [94]: ΔHfus is the heat of fusion, ρs is the density of solid, ϕ is the