NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• reactive oxygen species and resulting induction of oxidative stress, and (iii) toxic effect of released ions from metal/metal oxide ENMs [13][25][28]. Analyses of the information in NanoE-Tox database (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1) revealed that the most often reported potential mechanism of

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• death to various degrees and ascribe this mainly to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [47][48]. However, the coated nanoparticles have shown improved stability and biocompatibility in in vivo and in vitro assays [49]. In this study, the effects of Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposites on cell

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• affinities. Water-soluble fullerene–alanine adducts were tested as cytoprotective agents showing high effectiveness for removing the reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals [19][20]. The study of the penetration of fulleropeptide nanoparticles through skin represents a major

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• reactive oxygen species may be involved in solvent decomposition reactions: (a) molecular oxygen (O2), (b) superoxide (, “LiO2”) and (c) peroxide species (, Li2O2). The individual role of these different species in the decomposition reactions is still unclear. In a number of studies on different solvents

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• almost reaches crystalline properties [55][56]. The mitochondria, producers of reactive oxygen species, are placed at the midpiece of the spermatozoon and thus spatially removed from the nucleus, which limits the affliction of oxidative damage to the precious cargo [57]. During the course of our studies

• nanoparticles may lead to a decrease in motility (i) either by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or (ii) by binding to free thiols present on the sperm surface as gold nanoparticles posses a high affinity to thiol groups. The thiols on the sperm surface are part of membrane bound Na+/K+-ATPases and

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• nanocomposites were further analyzed with regard to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce lipid peroxidation. The particles led to an increase in levels of ROS at cytotoxic concentrations, but only HT144 showed strongly induced MDA level. Finally, NPs were investigated for the ROS

• thus exciting the photosensitizer to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) [6][7]. Photo-oxidation holds promises for the targeted treatment and controlled elimination of cancer cells [8]. ZnO NPs have also shown photo-oxidative anticancer

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• with the substrate reagent. No interferences occurred within the chosen NP-concentration range. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production: A549 cells were seeded in monoculture on 96-well plates as described in the section above (monocultures for experimental procedures). Prior to NP-exposure cells were

• ; 100 µg/mL: 50 ± 32% and 31 ± 15% of uc). Figure 5 illustrates the reactive oxygen species production after 20 min of aSNP stimulation (100 µg/mL) of A549 with and without Alveofact®. For all aSNPs in combination with or without Alveofact® no cellular ROS cellular production could be detected. The

• directly the production of reactive oxygen species. This would explain the increased toxicity for aSNP–plain in combination with lung surfactant, but also for aSNP–NH2, taking into account the zeta potential of all three aSNPs (aSNP–plain: −23.4 mV; –NH2: −24.6 mV and –COOH: −29.3 mV, data kindly provided

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• , while other lineages do not require it and it may even have a negative effect such as producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). For hMSCs, despite of detecting no obvious difference between treated and untreated samples with cytochemical staining, the pPCR analysis showed some alteration in the

• nanoparticles, the secretion of IL-8 was dramatically increased in the presence of the PLLA–Fe particles in hMSCs. This is likely because of the release of iron ions from the particles. Free iron ions within the cell can lead to an increase in oxidative stress [30][31][32], and a higher level of reactive oxygen

• species (ROS) can lead to an increased release of IL-8. The observation of an increased IL-8 release has also been reported for silver ions/nanoparticles [33] with hMSCs. For hHSCs, no increase of IL-8 release was observed. Clearly, the effect on differentiation of hMSCs should be investigated separately

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• signaling, for both CTAB spheres and rods, we found within 24 h after treatment a reduction of mitochondrial activity (by MTS or LDH) as well as the activation of reactive oxygen species [13][25]. Cellular mechanics plays an important role in many biological processes comprising cell adhesion, migration

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• [74]. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA content in cell lysates, and apoptosis of cells were assessed using SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were exposed to GC–BNNTs up to 100 µg/mL. They found that the GC–BNNT-dependent toxic concentration was lower than the 50 µg/mL. On the other hand

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• nm) by reduction of suitable precursors. Fluorescence labelling with ATTO 647N leads to the automobile catalyst decomposition model particles whose biophysical properties are now studied. Gold-decorated ceria nanoparticles have a surprisingly high efficiency for reducing the amount of reactive oxygen

• species (ROS) in living cell lines and thus a beneficial effect [61]. If platinum group metals-decorated ceria NP do the same or even more is under investigation. Fluorescent dyes used for labelling. Fluorescence emission spectra in ethanol of MPD (excitation 488 nm, left) and ATTO 647N-APS (excitation

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling [29]. A carboxydextran shell around clinically used SPIO delays its cytotoxicity. However, nanoparticles accumulate within lysosomes, in which the lysosomal α-glucosidase degrades the carboxydextran

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• alterations were correlated with those findings (unpublished data). TEM studies confirmed intracellular uptake of AgNP accumulation in vesicles, most likely endosomes (Figure 2b). Toxicity of metal particles is widely attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [38] and oxidative stress

• . Reported studies on nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress use different read-outs for radical production including fluorochromic assays [39], depletion of antioxidants [40], enzyme activity (e.g., catalase [41], superoxide dismutase), or oxidative DNA damage. For example, reactive oxygen species-mediated

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• samples was determined by chemiluminescence (CL) assay using a chemiluminometer (Turner Design, TD 20/20, USA). A wide range of oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) [27][28] was formed by a generator system based on H2O2 in an alkaline buffer solution (Tris·HCl, pH 8.6) mimicking an

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• them. In the luminal fractions, whatever the size of the particles were, the amount of NPs decreased in the course of the experiment, but a baseline level was not reached. As organic fluorophores can be harmed by cellular products such as reactive oxygen species we had chosen the 40 nm NPs coupled with

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• that the generation of reactive oxygen species is involved in the silver-induced cell response [9][12][13][14][15][16]. Previously, we have shown that silver ions are more toxic to hMSCs than Ag-NP (in terms of the absolute concentration of silver) [9][10]. This effect is approximately three times

• ., increased IL-8 or decreased IL-6 release), the increased expression of adhesion molecules such as CD54 and the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [9][10]. As such, these observations indicated that the generation of ROS can be regarded as a common mechanism for silver-induced effects

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• radicals whose formation is catalyzed from silver ions generated after uptake of silver by phagocytosis [110]. In contrast to chemical modifications of genomic DNA by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are difficult to prove, the presence of DSB that result from a radical attack are more easily to detect

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• transformation into myofibroblasts. Their results showed an up-regulated expression of a specific differentiation marker, accompanied, however, by an increased generation of the most biologically significant free radicals, the reactive oxygen species (ROS). NDs: Among the applications of NDs, the most important

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• -inflammatory effects, a slight pro-thrombotic impact, and an increase of reactive oxygen species after nanoparticle exposure were observed with increasing incubation time. For SiO2 nanoparticles, concentration- and time-dependent effects on the metabolic activity as well as pro-inflammatory reactions were

• -inflammatory response of exposed cells, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we also looked for effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on endothelial cells. Moreover, we considered if the nanoparticles’ effects on an immortalized cell line are comparable to a primary one. Results and Discussion

• nanoparticle treatment was only marginal compared to untreated controls. Since it is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate distinct signaling pathways leading to inflammatory cytokine up-regulation [43], the differences between the impact of small- (sample #A) and large-sized (sample #B) CeO2

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• [10][11] as well as from the formation of reactive oxygen species [5][12]. Thereby, nanoparticles are considered more hazardous than microparticles [13]. As to toxicity the field of reproduction biology is particularly interesting because the influence of nanoparticles on gametes is of great concern

• addition to ion release, the surface chemistry of the nanoparticle itself may also be directly associated with nanotoxicological effects, e.g., the formation of reactive oxygen species [33]. Here, surface atoms may trigger chemical reactions with biomolecules which are possibly harmful to the organism

• release ions under physiological conditions. Hence, in contrast to gold atom clusters [33], gold nanoparticles are known to have a comparably low toxicity [34][35]. Hence, all adverse effects probably originate from the nanoscopic dimensions of the material, e.g., causing the formation of reactive oxygen

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• such as Ag, ZnO, or CdSe is in particular triggered by the highly acidic pH in endo-/lysosomal compartments [156]. In both cases adverse biological effects are typically correlated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [157][158]. Also membrane damage plays a decisive role. In case of

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• degraded SPIOs is transferred to the body iron stores. Nevertheless, iron-induced acute toxic reactions, probably related to the generation of reactive oxygen species, have been described in vitro after uptake of large amount of various SPIOs [5]. However, cell culture studies like the ones described above

• that after their internalization nanocrystals are not degraded within 30 min. The storage of oleic acid-coated nanocrystals within these lipophilic, intracellular compartments probably inhibits the release of free iron ions thereby preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• , such as the mitochondria or ER. As a consequence, ASP–cell interactions may also trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing inflammatory responses and/or induce cell death [19][20][43][45]. Moreover, the direct binding of NP to proteins may additionally modulate downstream

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• , increased levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected over a time period of 48 h [22][25][26]. Environmental stressors trigger the production of intracellular ROS, which can overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defence system. ROS can cause DNA damage, which results in the

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• dissolution of pyrite in the presence of O2(aq), according to Equation 3: At this moment, Fe2+ starts to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 into OH• and other reactive oxygen species involved in the oxidation of organics pollutants, according to the Fenton chain-reaction sequence, described by Equations 4 to