A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• (TPO) Table 1 summarises the typical characterisation approach for SCR-NH3 catalysts. Carbon-based materials as catalyst supports for NO removal Carbonious materials have rich physical and chemical properties, which lend to their high porosity and good surface chemistry. In line with this, carbon-based

• pore size distribution can be altered to suit the requirements of a specific type of reaction. The surface chemistry of a carbon-based catalyst also plays a significant role, as it influences catalytic performance especially during the synthesis stage. In terms of interactions, carbon-based materials

• will eventually agitate the uniform distribution of the active component onto the carbon support, the surface chemistry of the carbon material could be simply adjusted, for instance, by undergoing an oxidation process, in order to increase the hydrophilicity of the carbon materials. Aside from the easy

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• compatibility and water solubility without the need of performing surface chemistry after their synthesis make them the perfect candidates for optical bioimaging and other biomedical applications [5][6][7]. The fluorescence mechanism of C-dots is not fully understood and there is an ongoing debate on the origin

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• gave the following Ag contents: CVD BN/Ag HNMs – 1.5 wt %, UV BN/Ag HNMs – 2.4 wt %. To shed a light on surface chemistry of BN/Ag HNMs and to also understand how it changes during heating in the oxidizing atmosphere, we have performed XPS analysis of UV BN/Ag HNMs before and after annealing in air at

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary, MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich ter 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary 10.3762/bjnano.8.260 Abstract We report on the fabrication of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at predefined positions and controlled

• films were prepared via sputter coating on a SiOx/Si(100) surface. As depicted in Figure 11, catalytic CVD experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a horizontal quartz tube (MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Hungary). The tube was

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• interparticle interactions mediated via operando sensitive attributes of surface charge. This intrinsically makes plasmonic crystals more attractive for sensing applications as the need to modify the surface chemistry/charge figures heavily in design of capacities to support the recognition of specific solution

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• ), the NPs are referred to as FeOxNPs. Due to the short exposure and the similar surface chemistry the precise stoichiometry of the FeOxNPs is assumed to be not of major relevance in this present study. The two NP types coated with poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride)-graft-dodecylamine (PMA), i.e

Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

• Sumit Tewari,
• Koen M. Bastiaans,
• Milan P. Allan and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2389–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.238

• properties [7], for studying the surface chemistry [8], and for probing collective [9] and local [10] electronic behavior. It has been long known that the performance of the STM in these different fields of application is sensitive to the structure of the tip used in the measurements, since the signal is

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• revealed the superhydrophobic properties of Glycine max L. leaves (CA 162.4° ± 3.6°). The superhydrophobic properties of soybean leaves are established by its surface sculptures built up by convex polygonal cells and superimposed epicuticular wax crystals with its hydrophobic surface chemistry. Due to the

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• film [11][12]. For surMOF film growth via LBL deposition, it was found that temperature and surface chemistry (terminal functional group of SAM) control the crystal face growth of the crystallites on the substrate [11][12][15][16][17]. This provides some degree of control over roughness, particle size

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• polymers are still beyond reach and even preferential retention of a specific functional group with a good control over the surface chemistry represents a significant challenge for the scientific community today. Control of size distribution of plasma polymer nanoparticles The discharge power and the gas

• as not to introduce morphological changes to the surface, unless otherwise required. The layer can be of the same or similar material as the underlying NPs to preserve the surface chemistry. For example, hydrocarbon NPs produced by plasma polymerization of n-hexane in GAS can be fixed on the surface

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• morphology and micro-domain ordering. Therefore, an accurate control of the surface chemistry is needed, for example, to obtain the desirable orientation during self-assembly (parallel or perpendicular lamellae or cylinders), to avoid dewetting phenomena or to minimize the presence of defects. Generally, in

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• , Belgium CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy Materia Nova Research Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.8.173 Abstract The surface chemistry of plasma fluorinated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNT) is correlated to the CF4 plasma chemical composition. The results

• chemistry; surface chemistry; Introduction Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) plasma emerged as a strategic tool when exploiting the ability of CFx radicals to promote etching of a variety of substrates frequently used in the manufacturing of microelectronic devices [1]. In the CF4 plasma, CFx radicals are primarily

• plasma treatment effects on the surface chemistry of the vCNT. The mass and the vibrational spectra of the precursor gas are collected as a function of different plasma parameters. The residual gas analysis (RGA) mass spectroscopy data are illustrated in Figure 1, where the evolution of the ions signals

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• developments focused on the fabrication of surface patterns and structures with the same physical properties as that the bulk material, interfacial coating materials, patterning processes, and the aspect ratio of formed surface patterns and structures. In addition, the surface chemistry of such patterns and

• system parameters for other vapor deposition systems must be optimized. Nevertheless, vapor-deposited polymers offer unrivaled coating fidelity and precise control over the surface chemistry. The integration of polymer coatings and patterning technologies results in interface properties that account for

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• particle size, surface area, composition, crystallinity, and surface chemistry); system-dependent properties (e.g., dissolution rate in biological simulation fluid (BSF), release of toxic ions, size in relevant media and dispersibility); biopersistence (e.g., property of the ENM to persist in a cell

• , crystallinity, and surface chemistry). In tier 1, the ENM can be assigned into one of the following groups of intrinsic material properties: water solubility, particle morphology (PPS and shape, including aspect ratio and surface area) and chemical composition. Tier 2 focuses on the ENM’s i) intrinsic

• Classification and Labelling of Chemicals [37][65]. GreenScreen was modified for application to ENMs by including collection of physicochemical properties of the target nanomaterials (e.g., agglomeration and or aggregation, chemical composition, purity, shape, surface area, surface chemistry (including

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• for its application in biotechnology and biomedicine [27][28]. Silicon dioxide is nontoxic and biocompatible, and based on these features it has been proposed as material for drug delivery in cell culture models and for tissue engineering [29]. In addition, silicon offers a flexible surface chemistry

• microscale features to mimic the endothelium in lineal vessels. Keywords: cell morphology; contact guidance; microgrooves; silicon; human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs); Introduction Micro- and nanostructured materials for medical devices have demonstrated that surface topography as well as surface

• chemistry influence cellular behaviour such as adhesion, migration and proliferation [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It is important to understand and control cell behaviour by topography in order to modulate the functions of the cells. Cells react to topographic stimuli through a process known as mechanotransduction

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• , Poland Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, Kraków 30-239, Poland Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology

Impact of air exposure and annealing on the chemical and electronic properties of the surface of SnO₂ nanolayers deposited by rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation

• Monika Kwoka and
• Maciej Krzywiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.55

• were deposited by rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation (RGVO) and analyzed for the susceptibility to ambient-air exposure and the subsequent recovery under vacuum conditions. Particularly the surface chemistry of the layers, stoichiometry and level of carbon contamination, was scrutinized by X-ray

• the distance between the valence band edge and the Fermi level energy. This was attributed to oxygen diffusion through the porous SnO2 surface as measured by atomic force microscopy. Keywords: Fermi level position; RGVO nanolayers; rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation (RGVO); surface chemistry; tin

• results in SnO2 nanolayers of controlled nonstoichiometry/stoichiometry depending on the intended application. This paper presents the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results on the variation of surface chemistry and electronic properties of RGVO SnO2 nanolayers after exposure to air and subsequent

Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• , controlled porous texture that includes a specific surface area and average pore size distribution, and tunable surface chemistry. In the case of fiber optic reflectance sensors (FORSs), these sensitive films vary their optical properties upon interaction with the analyte, thereby resulting in a change in

• silica and organically modified porous silica films to detect the presence of VOCs under different measurement conditions has been investigated [10][11][12][13][14]. The porous texture and the surface chemistry determine the response. Silanol groups on the surface of the xerogel, which act as weak acids

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• and morphology and well-defined surface chemistry is largely unexplored for energetic materials at the sub-micrometer scale and smaller. The criteria that are advantageous for new energetic materials include the following: high decomposition temperature low sensitivity no phase transitions under

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• Veronika V. Tomina Inna V. Melnyk Yuriy L. Zub Aivaras Kareiva Miroslava Vaclavikova Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva Vadim G. Kessler Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of NASU, 17, Generala Naumova Str., Kyiv 03164, Ukraine Institute of Geotechnics SAS, 45, Watsonova, Kosice 04001, Slovak Republic

• was optimized controlling the synthesis conditions, such as concentrations of reactants, basicity of the medium, and the process temperature. Keywords: copper(II) ions; methyl groups; N- and F-containing functional groups; silica nanospheres; sol–gel processes; sorption; surface chemistry

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• loading biomolecules to the nanoparticle surface it is considered more important, as its properties or biochemical activity can be changed. It was shown that several parameters such as surface chemistry, pH, stabilizing agents as well as addition procedure strongly affect final coverage and efficiency of

• strength, pH, protein order addition, as well as the inherent protein properties may modify the amount of biomolecules bound to the nanoparticle surface [17][21][28]. In this study, where two different biomolecules meet at the AuNP surface, the surface chemistry, different affinities towards gold and the

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• specialised morphology allow the tree frogs to climb smooth vertical and overhanging surfaces. The attachment ability of tree frogs is affected by both surface chemistry and surface roughness. Hydrophobic leaves (such as those on lotus leaves [4]), could affect the capillary forces produced by the pad (which

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• is graphene [14]. Due to its large surface area (2600 m2/g) [15], high chemical activity [16] and exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio [17], graphene provides a rich platform for surface chemistry and the desirable conditions for detection of heavy metals because of the strong sensitivity of its

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• potential interesting future studies. Keywords: fabrication methods; materials selection; nano- and micro-topography; vascular endothelial cells; vascular smooth muscle cells; Introduction Cells adhering to biomaterials are influenced by the surface topography, the surface chemistry and the mechanical

• in its surface chemistry since biological cell adhesion via integrins or other adhesion molecules will generally not directly occur to inorganic or organic polymeric materials. Thus, further modification of the surface with adhesive molecules, for example with proteins from the extra cellular matrix

• the development of alternative synthetic substrates [4][86][87][98][99][100]. Polymeric synthetic materials are the broadest and most diverse class of biomaterials available for cell research [89]. Some of these materials enable a good control of their surface chemistry, mechanical properties and