Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• of magnetic NPs (e.g., iron oxide and cobalt oxide NPs) into capsules allows them to respond to magnetic stimuli and produce heat due to magnetic energy dissipation, mechanical vibrations and motion induced in the film, thus releasing the cargo [80]. The Fe2O4-PAH capsules studied with A549 cancer

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• important. The absorbance of films with a different initial thickness, annealed at 250 and 550 °C is shown in Figure 9a and Figure 9b, respectively. The 1 nm thick film exhibits a broad bump in the range 350–550 nm, which is possibly associated with the occurrence of collective vibrations of free electrons

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• presence of the azo compounds was verified using a combination of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. A characteristic vibration at 2991 cm−1, which can be associated to the N–H stretching vibrations of the ammonium headgroup (Figure 4E), vanishes completely for 3D-AzoC2

• [45]. It is well known, that vibrations of surface-bound amines are quenched through coordination. Signals at 832, 765, 727 and 685 cm−1 can be assigned to the aromatic vibrations of the phenyl rings of azobenzene. These significant vibrations can as well be found in 3D-AzoC2 (blue), which indicates a

• , 832, 765, 727 and 685 cm−1 are highlighted in grey as significant vibrations of the azobenzene. (F) Normalized UV–vis absorption spectra of 3D-AzoC2 dispersed in toluene (black) and AzoC2 in H2O (grey, dashed). (A) UV–vis absorption kinetics of 3D-AzoC2 in toluene over a time period of 600 s. (B

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• investigated by using FTIR and DSC (Figure 2). The FTIR of PVI shows vibration bands at 2950 cm−1 (imidazole C–H stretching vibrations) and at 1645, 1506 and 1411 cm−1 (imidazole C–N stretching vibrations). The N–H in-plane bending vibrations are observed at 1235 cm−1. The polyplex also shows stretching

• vibrations at 1635, 1501 and 1427 cm−1 (C–N vibrations), and at 1235 cm−1 (N–H in-plane bending vibrations). The band appearing at 573 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra of the polyplex and blank siRNA may be attributed to the phosphate groups of the oligonucleotide clearly confirming the complexation. The

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• carbon materials. The disorder-induced D band arises from breathing vibrations of carbon rings and the G band resulting from carbon-chain vibrations prove the sp2-hybridized turbostratic microstructure. The G′ band is an overtone, where two phonons are involved. It scales with the number of layers in a

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• functional asymmetric and symmetric PO43− stretching groups, respectively, which helps in the confirmation of the CB-Hap nanorod formation. Earlier reports suggest that there are two classes of carbonate substitutions on Hap, such as A-type, where the carbonates are substituted at the site of O–H vibrations

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• , Supporting Information File 1). The spectrum of HDPE showed two strong peaks at 2914.86 cm−1 and 2847.37 cm−1, respectively, and four weak peaks at 1472.59 cm−1, 1462.11 cm−1, 730.28 cm−1, and 718.84 cm−1. The peaks at ≈2914 cm−1 and ≈2847 cm−1 were assigned to alkyl (C–H) stretch vibrations. The peaks at

• the wave numbers ≈1471 cm−1 and ≈1462 cm−1 were related to the –CH2 group’s binding vibrations. The absorption peaks at ≈730 cm−1 and ≈718 cm−1 were attributed to aromatic C–H bending. As seen in Figure 3a, all GnPs did not display any peak assigned to functional groups on their surface. The curves of

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• the amplitude of the free vibrations of the cantilever showed the importance of including size effects in modeling. Also, stability analysis and frequency response of the microscope in the classical and nonclassical models were investigated. The results showed that considering size effects has a

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• N-rGO sample (Figure 2b) shows D, G and 2D band at, respectively, at 1354, 1581, and 2843 cm−1. The D-band is associated with the breathing modes of six-membered carbon rings that are activated by defects and structurally disordered, and the G-band originates from in-plane vibrations of sp2

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• , Figure S1). Further characterization methods such as infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and attenuated transmission reflection (ATR) spectroscopy were also applied. The assignment of the molecular vibrations was aided by quantum-chemical calculations, from which the transition dipole

• moments (TDM) of the respective vibrations can be identified and used for an estimation of the orientation due to the surface selection rule in IRRAS. For comparison, the IRRA spectrum of the PAT-SAM, ATR spectrum and Gaussian IR spectrum for PAT were recorded and evaluated (Supporting Information File 1

• in these two spectra are in accordance with the assumption of monolayer formation [26]. Note that a striking difference between the bulk and the PAT-SAM spectra is that the vibrational peaks at 942 cm−1 and 889–893 cm−1 for CH/CC vibrations of anthracene present in ATR spectra become a broad peak at

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• stretching vibrations of C–H bonds. The absorption band at 1730 cm−1 is formed by carbonyl fragment in carboxyl and ester groups of the fluorescein and acrylic acid. A characteristic peak of benzene rings of fluorescein acrylate appears at around 1580 cm−1. In addition, the С–О–С bonds in esteric fragments

• are revealed by the stretching vibrations at 1120 and 1050 cm−1. All of this spectral information confirms the successful fabrication of grafted P(AA-co-FA) brushes on oligoperoxide-functionalized BNNTs. The optical properties of P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs were studied by absorption and confocal

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• probe tip scanned across the specimen surface, acoustic and morphological images were acquired simultaneously. The deflections of the cantilever represent the morphological information, and the vibrations of the cantilever correspond to the acoustic signals. By employing a suitable mechanical model to

• describe the vibrations of the cantilever, the contact stiffness of the tip–sample interaction can be estimated [27][28]. For one-phase homogeneous materials, the detected vibrations will remain relatively uniform, while for inhomogeneous materials, the vibrational amplitude depends on the elastic

• obtain quantitative information on undeveloped and developed SU-8 film surfaces. AFAM uses the near-field detection of acoustic signals to study surfaces and even buried structures [31][32]. For AFAM, a transducer generates ultrasound waves propagating into the sample to cause vibrations of the sample

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• all curves of MoS2, consistent with the in-plane and out-of-plane A1g vibrations of pristine MoS2, respectively [37]. In addition to these peaks from pristine MoS2, the Raman spectra of C-MoS2/rGO, C-MoS2/rGO-6, C-MoS2/rGO-4 and C-MoS2/rGO-8 exhibit two broad bands at 1363 cm−1 (D-band) and 1587 cm−1

• (G-band) resulting from in-plane vibrations and defect-induced vibrations of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in amorphous carbon and rGO [30]. The surface elements of the composites are analyzed by XPS. The survey spectrum confirms that the expected elements in the composites are C, Mo, O, and S (Figure

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• the region up to 950 cm−1 is shown. The peaks at 352, 510, 651, and 719 cm−1 correspond to the oxygen vibrations in maghemite γ-Fe2O3. The solid lines are the approximation of the experimental spectrum by Gaussian distribution. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra of HSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• the fact that all calculated values formally correspond to a temperature of zero Kelvin. In the future, metadynamic MD simulation studies might be performed, which should take into account both the effects of different gas loading conditions as well as temperature-dependent lattice vibrations and

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• =O, and C–N–H stretching vibrations, respectively [26]. The strong peak at 1365 cm−1 in both COP-100-Film and COP-100-Precip. spectra were attributed to the ethylene C–H stretching vibration of EDA. The direct formation of the amide functionality could be possibly due to the easy condensation with

• -NP obtained from the solution (b). SEM image of COP-100 precipitates after the addition of (e) 5 equivalent EDA and (f) 8 equivalent EDA. FTIR spectra of COP-100, COP-100-Film, and COP-100-Precip. COP-100 exhibited two peaks at 3400 cm−1 and 1375 cm−1 of O–H and C–O stretching vibrations of the

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• ]. The diffuse reflectance Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy results show typical vibrations corresponding to the linker and OH groups of the MOFs in all materials (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S12). To analyze whether adsorption of water can promote contraction in small crystals of DUT

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• cm−1 and 1356 cm−1 are compared. The G-band in graphitic material arises from the in-plane vibration of sp2 carbon atoms. Whereas the D-band arises from out-of-plane vibrations from carbon associated with defects. Therefore, the ratio of the intensity of the D- and G-bands (ID/IG) gives direct

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• intensity. In contrast, the intensity of the band at 3720 cm−1 associated with vibrations of Si–OH groups is attenuated in the hybrid nanoarchitectures, indicating that part of those silanol groups are in interaction with other species as observed in other modifications of sepiolite [44][45][46][47]. This

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• advantages of easy operation and no special requirements for the tip and sample. In this method, the tip–sample contact is modulated with ultrasonic vibrations and the contact resonance of the AFM probe is monitored while scanning in contact mode. CR-AFM was started from the so-called atomic force acoustic

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• of zinc oxide contains an intense broad signal, corresponding to the stretching vibrations of Zn–O bonds (635–400 cm−1). The above spectrum also shows the signals from the multi-phonon vibrational modes of the ZnO lattice (990 and 870 cm−1). In accordance with the literature data, such oscillations

• asymmetric oscillations of the N–O bond. A broad peak in the region of 3750–3000 cm−1 is due to the stretching vibrations of hydroxy groups on the ZnO surface. The deformation vibrations of adsorbed water molecules are recorded at 1640 cm−1. In addition to these, the spectrum contains peaks related to the

• vibrations of the C–O bond in CO2 molecules adsorbed on the ZnO surface (2430–2320 cm−1) and C–H bonds (2920–2840 cm−1) in the residues of the organic components used in the synthesis of ZnO nanofibers. The FTIR absorption spectrum of the SiC sample contains two intense peaks with absorption maxima at 900 cm

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• significant variation in the amide I and amide II vibrations of the immobilized GOx enzyme with respect to unsupported GOx. This observation strongly supports that the adsorption of GOx in HNTs occurs via non-deteriorating electrostatic interactions [57]. This physical entrapment, in contrast to

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• characteristic Raman scattering bands of R6G at relatively high concentrations (Figure 4; Supporting Information, Figure S6). As marked in Figure 4b, the bands located at 611, 771, and 1125 cm−1 are assigned to the C–C–C ring in-plane, out-of-plane bending, and C–H in-plane bending vibrations, respectively; and

• those at 1186, 1310, 1360, 1510, and 1575 cm−1 are associated with the totally symmetric modes of in-plane C–C–C stretching vibrations [63][64]. It is seen from the spectra in Figure 4a that the intensities of the Raman signals decreased along with the decrement of the concentrations of R6G. The most

• weaker and red-shifted to 1305 cm−1. Moreover, two new bands at 1382 and 1422 cm−1 attributed to the ring breathing vibrations of the thymine moiety of thymidine raised. These spectral features, which depend on the specific molecular orientation of the analyte on the silver surface, indicate the

Molecular attachment to a microscope tip: inelastic tunneling, Kondo screening, and thermopower

• Rouzhaji Tuerhong,
• Mauro Boero and
• Jean-Pierre Bucher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.124

• accessible. This technique allows one to study locally the magnetic properties, as well as other elementary excitations and their mutual interaction. In particular a clear correlation is observed between the Kondo resonance and the vibrations with a strong incidence of the Kondo correlation on the

• to study, with atomic resolution, the coupling of the tunneling electrons to other elementary excitations such as vibrations, plasmons and spins [5][6][7][8]. Furthermore, a molecular junction in STM can serve as a reliable and controllable model system for the study of a single molecule in a way

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• Kisoda et al. [51], and were further elaborated in [32] and [43]. The range between 100–150 cm−1 was assigned to the intralayer vibrations of the LnS lattice (Ln = rare earth). The high energy range 250–400 cm−1 was associated with the intralayer vibrations of the hexagonal TaS2 lattice. The peak at 253