Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• of Fe 2p with a fitting curve for sample C (a), O 1s (b) and C 1s (c) for the samples A (black curve), B (red curve) and C (green curve). The C 1s spectra has been normalized and aligned. XRD pattern for Fe2O3 nanoparticles (a) and decorated CNTs with Fe2O3 nanoparticles (b). Electrical resistance of

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• optical microscope (POM) technique. In the all liquid crystal composites, the GO flakes were well dispersed. The liquid crystal cells exhibited uniform color, indicating that the rod-like molecules were uniformly aligned. However, Figure 3b–e, illustrates some GO aggregation. The size and quantity of the

• effects which can be interpreted as the decrease of the elastic constants. In our opinion the reason is related to the alignment of 5CB with respect to the 0.2 wt % GO flakes. When we added more GO flakes, the molecules of 5CB were not aligned properly and the threshold voltage was reduced. It was easier

• image and (b) AFM height image of the selected GO flake sample. Liquid crystal textures of 5CB doped with graphene oxide flakes, captured at 23 °C. The optical polarizing images were taken in planar aligned cells for: a) the pure 5CB and 5CB-GO suspensions at concentration of b) 0.05 wt %, c) 0.1 wt

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• that their dorsal side was attached to a microscope slide, with their tenent setae being exposed away from the animal. The tarsi were aligned in the horizontal direction, all five tarsomeres being straightened out and immobilized. Tribological measurements were performed with the nanotribometer NTR2

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• sensors aligned in forward and backward flow direction with reference to the two bending axes of the cantilevers. For both experiments, the velocity range between 12 and 32 m s−1 was applied to measure the electrical response of the flow sensors. During the experiments, the built-in Wheatstone bridge

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• line, Figure 2h) and much higher than for = 0° and = 90°, indicating that the magnetization direction within these regions is not parallel aligned with respect to the engineered unidirectional anisotropy direction. This corroborates the finding of wide DW tails into the domains, caused by the

• application of an in-plane magnetic field of 95 kA·m−1 during ion bombardment. The samples were aligned with their initial EB-field direction pointing antiparallel to the external magnetic field of the holder. 15 keV helium ion bombardment was performed on an area of 500 μm × 500 μm consisting of 216 × 216

The effect of flexible joint-like elements on the adhesive performance of nature-inspired bent mushroom-like fibers

• Elliot Geikowsky,
• Serdar Gorumlu and
• Burak Aksak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2893–2905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.268

• than vertically aligned [10]. This tilt, in addition to enhanced performance [11], equips the gecko with directional adhesion properties as shown by Autumn et al. [12]. When they tested setae using a load–drag–pull (LDP) experiment, they found that setae exhibit very high interfacial shear and tension

• visualized and aligned against the adhering surface. The output from the load cells is captured using a USB-6009 data acquisition board (National Instruments, Austin, USA) and the whole system, including the stage controller is governed by a custom Labview software that is able to control preload, contact

• more detailed description about the fabrication process can be found in the work of Gorumlu et al. [36], some key steps are summarized here. The first step in the fabrication process of bent fibers is the positioning and alignment of an acrylic peg with an array of vertically aligned fibers on the

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• pyrolysis [13] and ion beam synthesis in an SiO2 matrix [14][15][16][17]. Compared to conventional ion beam synthesis using low-energy ion implantation, collisional mixing of Si into an SiO2 layer by ion irradiation at higher energies leads to a better control over the Si excess, and a self-aligned δ-layer

• comparable density and NC size, the fluence in the simulation needs to be significantly lower for all investigated cases. This systematic deviation and the underlying physics is subject of an ongoing investigation. In order to optimize the self-assembly of vertically self-aligned Si NCs with a narrow size

• line width of 4 nm. The sample was annealed at 1373 K for 60 s. A Si NC (white), can be seen in the center of the buried SiO2 layer (blue). Note that the NC is aligned with respect to the incident beam. The position of the irradiated line can be deduced from the position of the sputter crater at the

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• flower-like balls on the upper layer and nanosheets beneath them as represented in Figure 2c. The nanosheets were ca. 1.3 μm square-shaped and almost vertically aligned on the substrate (Figure 2d,e). The image of a typical nanosheet shows the very low thickness of ca. 27 nm (Figure 2f). The upper layer

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• regime, we compared the linewidths of the hybrid modes obtained experimentally and theoretically for 70 nm wide and 90 nm long nanorods in the MC isomer (Figure 4). The incident polarization has been chosen to be aligned to the nanorod long axis (0°). Figure 4a shows the extinction spectrum (grey curve

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• disabled. In the pattern file generation, the array content is used to judge whether a scheduled DE’ will cast a shadow on the DEs waiting for later completion. This phrasing is shorthand for calculating whether an assumed cylindrical light tube of radius rshadow, aligned with its symmetry axis along the

Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 2³ factorial design

• Paulina Korycka,
• Adam Mirek,
• Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
• Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
• Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

• , it is possible to obtain fibers of different structure: porous, smooth, core–shell, hollow structures and layer-by-layer stacked films or uniaxially aligned arrays [2]. Because of the variety of obtained structures that are possible, electrospun nanofibers find applications in well-established

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• ) demonstrates the presence of sub-micrometer ferromagnetic inclusions with aligned magnetic poles. Combining these results with SEM and TEM data suggests that MnSb inclusions are ferromagnetic and located mostly close to the film surface, rather than being evenly distributed within the sample volume. This

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• obtaining ZnO nanostructures in various morphologies, such as ZnO nanoneedles, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoplates, etc. Also the purpose of our previous research was to identify optimal growth parameters for obtaining a homogeneous, dense, well-aligned nanostructured ZnO coating with good adhesion to hard

• were carried out using these nanostructured ZnO coatings on the working electrodes using aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 as analytes with different concentrations. Experimental Design and fabrication of the ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor Three morphologies of well-aligned one

• components fall out as sediments. Furthermore, maintaining the temperature below the boiling point prevents any intense evaporation of the working solution, thereby allowing the experiment to be carried out without the use of an autoclave. In order to grow uniform and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• introduced and the resistance of wires with similar geometric characteristics is experimentally measured, the magnetoresistance of the wires can be easy introduced as: MR = [R(B) − R(∞)]/R(∞), taking values between 0 and MRmax = [R(0) − R(∞)]/R(∞). While the magnetic moments are expected to be aligned along

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• functional filtering systems [107]. Among the different porous systems, a distinction can be realized between screen filters (well-ordered vertically aligned pore sieves, see Figure 7A) and depth filters (disordered tortuous pore systems, see Figure 7B). The main difference between these two systems is the

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• end of the waveguide, a horizontal NW detector is positioned, with its 1.5 µm long end overlapped with the waveguide, and it is also embedded into a spin-on-glass layer. The axes of the LED and detector NWs are aligned with the waveguide direction as shown in Figure 1a. The optical refractive indices

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• determined to ≈22 whilst the CB[8]-mediated dimers enhance the fluorescence signal of a single z-aligned dye molecule on average by a factor ≈48. Apparently the reproducibility for the CB[8]-mediated dimers is lower than for the thiol-mediated dimers, although a high rigidity is expected for the CB[8]. The

• the AuNPs leads to multiple possible gap configurations. Large planar gaps are formed in the case that the two AuNPs assemble in a fashion that the gap-forming facets are aligned parallel to each other (Figure 6A). However, the gap formation can include also facet edges (Figure 6B) or the corner of

• sample through the laser focus using a piezoelectric scanner (Nano-H, Mad City Labs, USA). For each image pixel the emitted fluorescence signal is integrated for 5–10 ms. For the antenna-enhanced fluorescence emission, the antenna is precisely aligned in the laser focus and the antenna–sample distance is

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• measurements [67]. The HOMO of KP115 is thus better aligned with the valence band of Sb2S3 which could be beneficial for the Voc and FF. Indeed, for the Sb-TU process both values are significantly larger for the better-matching KP115. However, this is not the case for the Sb-BDC process where the Sb2S3/KP115

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• vertically aligned nanostructuration of TiO2 also makes this system attractive, since it ensures direct percolation paths for the photogenerated electrons from the donor–acceptor interface to the cathode, while providing a simple, controlled and ordered architecture. Furthermore, studies are available in

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• in 2009 by Gong and co-workers [19]; it was based on nitrogen-doped vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (N-vCNTs). Using a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) when measuring steady-state voltammograms in alkaline solution, the authors showed that the ORR activity of N-vCTNs was superior to undoped

• vCNTs, to randomly oriented N-CNTs, and, in particular, to commercially available platinum-loaded carbon (Vulcan XC-72R), as reported in Figure 1. The electrochemical mechanism for the ORR was the same for aligned and disordered CNTs. The improved electrocatalytic performance of vCNTs was associated

• with a better-defined surface area of the aligned tips at the interface with the electrolyte solution, which facilitates the electrolyte/reactant diffusion. A strong enhancement of the currents was observed when comparing N-CNTs to undoped nanotubes. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the glassy N

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• [170]. Indeed, the competition between the superlubric orientationally twisted phase and the pinned phase consisting of an array of aligned islands leads to a first-order transition [171]. Experiments confirm this theory, showing the first-order transition with a coexistence region as a function of the

Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

• Yuxing Liang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Xuedong Chen and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

• vertically aligned ZnO nanowires [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The principle of nanogenerators is that the piezoelectric potential produced by the piezoelectric effect can produce a current in an external circuit when the ZNW is deformed. Specifically, a transversely applied force makes the

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• acetylacetonate; carbon nanowalls; growth zones; ICP PECVD; metal-organic precursor; Introduction The first report of the synthesis of carbon nanowalls (CNWs), i.e., wall-like carbon nanosheets aligned perpendicular to the substrate, was given by Wu and co-workers [1]. The average thickness of these sheets was

• measured by using transmission electron microscopy to be of several nanometers [2][3][4][5][6][7], similar to that of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays [8]. In CNWs, few graphene layers stick together like thin graphite flakes. The height of the CNWs can be of several micrometers, contributing to

• number of dangling bonds that act as nucleation sites for randomly orientated carbon nanoflakes. 2D growth and the subsequent formation of (few-layer) graphene sheets follow. The nanoflakes being almost vertically aligned on the substrate grow fastest to finally form vertically standing nanosheets. The