High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

• Kahraman Keskinbora,
• Umut Tunca Sanli,
• Margarita Baluktsian,
• Corinne Grévent,
• Markus Weigand and
• Gisela Schütz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2049–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.194

• . Figure 2b and Figure 2c show some hard Au grains remained relatively unharmed by the ion beam due to the strong dependence of the ion beam damage on the crystal orientation concerning anisotropic sputter yield and channeling effects [42]. These grains have a random spatial distribution, which renders

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• observed ESM amplitude signal. Electrostatic interactions are discussed to be an important additional parameter that can influence ESM experiments [28][30][31] and will be the subject of future research. Additionally, LATP is known to have a strong anisotropic thermal expansion [3]. LTP, which has the same

• structure, exhibits an anisotropic reaction upon lithium intercalation; the a-axis contracts while the c-axis expands with the transformation from LiTi2(PO4)3 to Li3Ti2(PO4)3 [32]. Hence, LATP might show similar behavior upon (de)-lithiation and its electrostatic interaction can be expected to be strongly

• anisotropic. A simple interpretation of the ESM amplitude signal solely based on Vegard’s Law is therefore demanding and would require a correlative EBSD analysis of the area to retrieve the actual crystallographic orientation [21]. However, a thorough analysis is out of the scope of the current study but is

Robust midgap states in band-inverted junctions under electric and magnetic fields

• Álvaro Díaz-Fernández,
• Natalia del Valle and
• Francisco Domínguez-Adame

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1405–1413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.133

• , v is an interband matrix element having dimensions of velocity and it is assumed scalar, corresponding to isotropic bands around the L point. It is worth mentioning that the bands of IV–VI compounds around the L points are actually anisotropic. Nevertheless, this anisotropy can be absorbed in the

• Figure 2. Hence, the Fermi velocity becomes anisotropic and can actually be modulated with the magnetic field. It is expected that the application of an electric field will lead to further reduction of the Fermi velocity [25]. We will prove later that this is actually the case. In Figure 3a we show a

• magnetic field parallel to the band-inverted junction is applied. The original Dirac cone widens only in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field but remarkably the dispersion relation remains gapless. Hence, the Fermi velocity becomes anisotropic and the combination of both electric and magnetic

Predicting the strain-mediated topological phase transition in 3D cubic ThTaN₃

• Chunmei Zhang and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1399–1404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.132

• effective mass (m*) of ThTaN3 at the conduction band minimum (CBM) is estimated from the curvature of the electronic band dispersion, that is, the formula where E and k are the band energy and reciprocal lattice vector. For anisotropic materials, where i, j and k label the transport direction along the x

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• the anisotropic intermolecular energy parameter between the unlike species is the geometric mean of the anisotropic interaction parameters between the like species. The linearity of both transition temperatures was also observed in the mixtures of methylene and ether-linked dimers and used for

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• -Carlo simulation for biaxial particles via an anisotropic pair potential [3]. Such a system exhibits three phases: biaxial crystalline at absolute zero temperature, uniaxial nematic and a rotationally disordered isotropic phase. In spite of the several theoretical studies having been successfully

• correlations among the neighboring molecules were revealed and the cybotactic clusters were established [35][36][48]. This was the first successful attempt for determining the cluster size by using the Maier–Meier equations using dielectric parameters such as anisotropic permittivity and the anisotropic

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• returns into trans form. The anisotropic interaction of azobenzene molecules with each other, as well as with their environment, essentially depends on their shape (rod-like for trans isomers and having no distinct anisometry for cis isomers). This leads to the modification of physical properties of

• trans and cis isomers are determined by the quantum yields (Φtrans and Φcis) and absorption coefficients and do not depend on exposure time and light intensity. In the case of an anisotropic solution, the light absorption depends on the direction of light propagation. In contrast to disordered cis

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• anisotropic. Their possible coupling with nanorods, as the simplest anisometric nanoparticles, is of emerging interest in recent experimental [6][7][8] and theoretical [9][10][11][12] research. In the case of Au nanoparticles, which are the focus of the current study, a number of synthetic routes are

Dynamic behavior of nematic liquid crystal mixtures with quantum dots in electric fields

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Octavian Danila

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 399–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.39

• ], the polarization field around a spherical cavity inside a dielectric medium is proportional to the applied field, so: Inside an anisotropic dielectric (the liquid crystal) the spherical cavity changes into an ellipsoid with the semi-axes and , where b is the cavity radius, is the parallel

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• . Semiconductors Silicon and germanium: Both Si and Ge have a long history as semiconductor device materials. Comparable relatively high Young’s moduli (Si, 130–188 GPa [129] and Ge, 103–150 GPa) [130][131] make these materials useful for applications in NEM devices. Due to the possibility of anisotropic etching

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• schematic of LC nanoarchitectures interacting with cells. The LC order of the biopolymers has three major implications for the biological systems: (1) cell–matrix interaction, (2) formation of ECM-based connective tissues, and (3) cellular and subcellular level physiology. First, the spatially anisotropic

• nanoscale topographies [93][94]. LC elastomer scaffolds in nematic and smectic-A phases Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are crosslinked 3D networks of rubber-like synthetic polymers exhibiting orientational and/or positional order [95]. Due to the tunable malleability and highly anisotropic shape change in

• induced 2D and 3D aligned cell growth in response to the lamellar molecular structure of LCE matrices, with tunable porosity and crosslinking density [99][100][101]. In addition, the 3D anisotropic cell scaffolds can be fabricated by using nematic LCE microspheres as building blocks by tuning elastic

Design of photonic microcavities in hexagonal boron nitride

• Sejeong Kim,
• Milos Toth and
• Igor Aharonovich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 102–108, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.12

• the emitters. Here, we design 2D and 1D PCCs using anisotropic indices of hBN. The influence of underlying substrates and material absorption are investigated, and spontaneous emission rate enhancements are calculated. Our results are promising for future quantum photonic experiments with hBN

• . Keywords: anisotropic optical materials; boron nitride; photonic crystals; Introduction Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently emerged as an interesting platform for nanophotonics. This is mainly due to its promising hyperbolic properties [1][2] as well as the ability to host a range of single photon

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ali Marashdeh,
• Thiadrik Tiesma,
• Niels J. C. van Velzen,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Remco W. A. Havenith,
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
• Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

• same behavior was observed for ClAuPEt3 crystals (not shown). MeAuPMe3 was found to sublime within about 20 min in vacuum. The composition of the crystals was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It has to be noted that, with an anisotropic material distribution of relatively

• (Figure 7b), less C and more P and Cl were found than expected. We attribute this deviation from the stoichiometric composition to the anisotropic material distribution and the electron sensitivity of the crystals. Most relevant to our analysis is that there was no change in composition after 24 h in the

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• combination with ascorbic acid and spherical silver seeds yielded rod-like structures in water by reduction of AgNO3. Jana, Gearheart, and Murphy suggested that CTAB forms micellar templates for the anisotropic growth of nanostructures [65]. Recent studies modified this picture and indicated that CTAB

• silver nitrate in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, Figure 2) and sodium bromide. The nanobars formed when bromide ions etched the multiply twinned seeds, promoted the formation of single crystal seeds, and initiated anisotropic growth [68]. Longer silver nanowires grew from multiply twinned

• junction resistance. The same is true for other anisotropic particles that have a potential for electronics: Oleylamine-coated gold nanowires, for example, are too instable to directly use them as inks today, but use of appropriate solvents could alleviate this limitation. This dynamic field at the border

Interactions of low-energy electrons with the FEBID precursor chromium hexacarbonyl (Cr(CO)₆)

• Jusuf M. Khreis,
• João Ameixa,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva and
• Stephan Denifl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2583–2590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.258

• metal cation W2+ resulting from electron ionization of the neutral W(CO)6 dimer was reported by Neustetter et al. [23] showing the fast conversion of the weak cluster bond into a strong covalent metallic bond. In comparison to electron collisions, anisotropic coulombic explosion of CO ligands upon

The interplay between spin densities and magnetic superexchange interactions: case studies of mono- and trinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes

• Azar Aliabadi,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Vladislav Kataev and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2245–2256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.224

• magnetic field B0 in the plane perpendicular to the molecular plane to obtain anisotropic ESR parameters. A standard manually controlled goniometer from Bruker was used for this purpose with the sample attached to a quartz-rod sample holder. As an example, experimental and simulated X-band ESR spectra of 4

• and Preston [49], the isotropic and anisotropic HF coupling constants for unit spin density on the corresponding s- and p-, d- and f-orbitals have been obtained, respectively. Spin densities on the copper and nitrogen s-orbitals for our complexes are derived as the ratio of the isotropic HF coupling

• ratio of the respective Adip derived from the experimental values and the theoretical anisotropic HF parameters 138.8 MHz and 1197 MHz, which are calculated for unit spin density on the nitrogen p- and copper d-orbitals [49], respectively. Results of electron spin density measurements Obtained results

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• -assembly. In contrast, on the highly anisotropic Ag(110) surface the observed self-assembled structures of H2TPP(OH)4) can be related to the number of hydrogen bonds and the occupation of favorable adsorption positions. Moreover, molecule–substrate interactions are more pronounced on Ag(110) compared to Au

• referred to the web version of this article.) Reproduced with permission from [46], copyright 2014 Elsevier. Extinction coefficient k for a) H2TMPP, b) CuTMPP and c) NiTMPP. The uniaxial anisotropic model results in different intensities in- and out-of-plane. Reproduced with permission from [16], copyright

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• excitations into the Co orbital [130]. For thin F16CoPc films deposited onto MnPc we observe considerably different spectra. Features that are characteristic for pure F16CoPc disappear while new structures show up around 780 eV, which are still anisotropic. This provides clear evidence that there is a

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• wide distribution ranging from individual fibrils to thick bundles that grow in thickness over time [25]. The TEM imaging performed in the present study confirmed the presence of the anisotropic structures in all cases, with no significant difference in individual fibril diameter upon addition of NCNDs

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• , however, such states are mixed by the anisotropic parts of the HFCs, which thus become relevant as well as the electron–electron dipolar coupling. In liquids anisotropic interactions are averaged out by molecular motion. To simplify the description, it is common to present the spin state of SCRPs using a

• reaction yield on the field strength, but also on the molecular orientation [91], for instance due to the anisotropy of the hyperfine interaction. The orientation dependence is of importance in solids, since in liquids molecules usually tumble so fast that anisotropic spin interactions are averaged out and

Two-dimensional silicon and carbon monochalcogenides with the structure of phosphorene

• Dario Rocca,
• Ali Abboud,
• Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1338–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.135

• materials. For example, it was shown that SnSe and GeSe phosphorene-like monochalcogenides are characterized by an anisotropic spin splitting of energy bands, leading to potential applications involving directionally dependent spin transport [22]. In [21] it was suggested that in phosphorene-like SnS, SnSe

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• . Halide ions have their own hole traps [26], which can reduce the energy of PL. They also play an important role in the surface passivation, which can lead to higher QYs and result in anisotropic growth of nanoparticles [27]. Herein, we explore the combined influence of both Ag and Cl ions in the modified

• amount of AgCl results in the formation of anisotropic particles with tetrapod-like shape and XRD patterns that are still characteristic of cubic ZB structure (Figure 1b). Further increase of AgCl content in synthesis causes the formation of tetrapods (TPs) in samples AgCl_4 (Figure 1c) and AgCl_8 and

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• considered here is composed of the interplay of patterns made of grooves, hills and valleys showing some degree of anisotropy. Alignment effects induced, for example, by the anisotropic ion bombardment can in fact take place, leading to the occurrence of one preferential direction. The surface plasmon