Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• created by nanocasting [29]. All of these approaches have allowed for the synthesis of ordered hierarchical macro–mesoporous materials [24]. Electrospinning is a versatile technique for the synthesis of different one-dimensional forms such as fibers, tubes or wires for various applications such as gas

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• surface diffusion model for the growth of carbon fibers on metallic catalysts on the basis of the fact that the calculated activation energies of the growth were much lower than those of the bulk carbon diffusion in the metal. They suggested that the surface carbon diffusion on the catalytic particle was

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• porous materials, including membranes, foams, and textiles, or irregular surface geometries, as well as for encapsulating fibers, nanowires, or particles [1]. For example, tailoring the surface energy of the pore walls of a separation membrane without obstructing the pore can enhance the passage of the

Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• , respectively. The films were synthesized by the sol–gel method and affixed to the end of optical fibers by the dip-coating technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to characterize the xerogels. At a given pressure of n-hexane

• , it loses translational entropy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the sensitivity of hybrid phenyl-silica films to n-hexane and to determine the variation of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption. Materials and Methods Optical fibers and preparation of xerogel films

• Multimode optical fibers with a graded refractive index were chosen with core and cladding diameters of 62.5 and 125 µm, respectively (Telnet, Zaragoza, Spain). The effective refractive index was 1.497 at 850 nm. The fibers were first cut and peeled with a stripper (Millar, Cronwell, CT, USA), and the core

Studying friction while playing the violin: exploring the stick–slip phenomenon

• Santiago Casado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 159–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.16

• sounds. A violin, for example, can produce musical notes whose frequency and intensity (brilliance) can be varied as required during the performance by rubbing a bundle of fibers against metal strings [8]. The contact surface is then reduced to the touching points of perpendicular cylinders, where

• like the one corresponding to sample 2 may prevent this movement in the dynamic friction range. This is indeed similar to that observed in the sound waves recorded from clean fibers in Figure 3: a peak is achieved, but quickly diminishes to a flat region. Instead, sample 1 shows a more regular saw

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• through optical fibers. This will help implement larger light sources, which cannot be integrated in a recording head, such as ultra-short pulsed lasers [13]. MFM imaging of a HDD featuring PMR with magnetic domains being aligned parallel or antiparallel to the surface normal. (a) Sample piece as is and

Organoclay hybrid materials as precursors of porous ZnO/silica-clay heterostructures for photocatalytic applications

• Marwa Akkari,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Abdessalem Ben Haj Amara and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1971–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.188

• (Figure 7B) it is clearly observed the presence of the metal oxide NP associated with the clay. In the SiO2-SEP-CTA heterostructure (Figure 7A) the fibers covered by a coating, which after calcination is transformed in more discrete nanoparticles of both SiO2 and the assembled ZnO NP, can be seen clearly

• (Figure 7B). TEM images of the ZnO/SiO2-SEP heterostructure (Figure 7C) show more clearly the presence of sepiolite fibers surrounded by the generated SiO2 nanoparticles and by ZnO NP showing pseudo-spherical morphology. A good homogeneity in the ZnO NP distribution on the sepiolite surface is

• corroborated from these images. Furthermore, both types of NP remain attached to the silicate covering almost completely the fibers anchored to the silanol (Si-OH) groups located at the external surface of sepiolite, which can be confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 8). Thus, the νO–H stretching vibration

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• solution with the desired polymer is ejected through a capillary towards a substrate by applying a high-voltage electric field. Long fibers with diameters in the range from 2 nm to several micrometers can be generated [69][70][71][72]. However, electrospinning has not been yet satisfactorily employed to

• obtain nanofibers from natural proteins such as fibronectin. Recently, an alternative method has been developed where nanofibers of extruded fibronectin through a nanoporous aluminum oxide membrane were obtained. This method is based on a mechanical force to provoke fibrillogenesis (generation of fibers

• stress fibers development are not necessary for contact guidance to take place [217][218]. In different studies, both human vascular and bladder SMCs, increased FAs size on a PGA mesh, and PU or PLGA nanoroughness substrates [41][42][44]. However, it is still not known if actin filaments are already

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• compounds and researchers continuously have tried to improve the performance of adsorptive membranes [3][4][5][6][7]. After demonstration of submicron fibers produced by spinning techniques in 1990s, new horizons emerged for different fields, especially membrane processes [8]. Nanofibrous membranes (NFMs

• of activated biochar are illustrated in Figure 2. Generally, the nanofibers were uniform in shape and size and the moderate speed of the rotational drum led to the formation of randomly oriented fibers, which is in favor of membrane fabrications due to required mechanical strength in all directions

• . Also the entrapment of biochar particles among fibers was perfect since after washing several times with methanol, no leaching was observed visually. The distribution of the fiber diameter was analyzed using Image-J software with Diameter-J module and the average diameters are listed in Table 1

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• Figure 1a shows a typical SEM image of the as-fabricated nework, which consists of an abundance of beaded nanofibers with a smooth surface, random orientation and several micrometers in length. The unique morphology of the nanofibers is characterized by connected spindle-like beads with ultrafine fibers

• connected one-by-one along the long axis. The cross-sectional diameter of the beads and fibers are in the range of 350–400 nm and 80–100 nm, respectively. The observation derived from the TEM image shown in Figure 1b verifies the SEM image results. Earlier reports have indicated that the formation of the

Fabrication and characterization of branched carbon nanostructures

• Sharali Malik,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1260–1266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.116

• between the filler and the matrix. These dispersion and reinforcement issues could be addressed by using branched multiwalled carbon nanotubes (b-MWCNTs) as it is known that branched fibers can greatly enhance interfacial bonding and dispersability. Therefore, the use of b-MWCNTs would lead to improved

• experiments [12][13][14] that branched fibers can greatly enhance interfacial bonding and dispersability. Such an approach is exemplified by the process of adding straw (branched plant fibers) to mud to make stronger bricks which has been used since the Neolithic period, i.e., before 3400 BC [15]. More

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• been carried out on nanostructured carbon hosts for sulfur storage including carbon fibers [13][14], carbon nanotubes [15][16], graphene/graphene oxide [17][18][19] as well as micro-/mesoporous carbons [20][21][22]. Among the porous carbons, especially hollow carbon spheres (HCS) have attracted

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• increased curvature. It is analogous to polymeric end groups [36]. There are different opinions about the nature of CNTs. Different researchers have referred to CNTs as molecules, nanostructures, nanocolloids, particles, graphite cylinders and in one opinion, CNTs are just fibers [36]. The procedures

• shortening of CNTs and in the introduction of surface defects at sidewalls [53]. It has been reported that sonication parameters such as time and aggressiveness, if not optimized, may damage the CNTs converting them into amorphous carbon nano-fibers [40]. Calendering: The calender is a three-roll mill that

• is a commonly used dispersion process [57]. By using high-shear mixing, the dispersion of fibers can be improved [35] and a high content of CNTs can successfully be uniformly dispersed [40]. Extrusion is another common technique for the dispersion of filler in solid polymers, such as thermoplastics

Frog tongue surface microstructures: functional and evolutionary patterns

• Thomas Kleinteich and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.81

• voltage of 3 kV (Hitachi High-Technologies Europe GmbH, Krefeld, Germany). We used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or µCT) to study the three-dimensional arrangement of tissues underneath the tongue surface. To visualize soft tissue structures, such as the epithelium and muscle fibers, we stained the

• data appear to be almost hollow inside (Figure 4; Supplementary movies). In Bombina variegata, Discoglossus pictus, Litoria spp., and Rana (Lithobates) pipiens, these lacunae are elongated and of cylindrical shape. Muscle fibers of the tongue musculature emerge between these cylinders towards the

• lacunae in the remainder species and show a strong X-ray absorption contrast (Figure 4C). Muscle fibers run in-between these spherical structures towards the dorsal surface of the tongue in C. ornata. In Oophaga histrionica, we were not able to identify lacunae underneath the surface papillae by using

Understanding interferometry for micro-cantilever displacement detection

• Alexander von Schmidsfeld,
• Tobias Nörenberg,
• Matthias Temmen and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 841–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.76

• measuring cantilever displacement. This type of interferometer is based on guiding the light entirely through optical fibers and utilizes a 3 dB beam splitter for routing light beams while one cleaved fiber end and the cantilever act as mirrors producing interfering light beams. A ramification of this

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• magnetic field and connected by utilization of cysteine-modified Hcp1. After lyophilization, a fiber-like material of micrometer scale length can be observed. The Fe3O4 Hcp1_cys3 fibers show superparamagnetic behavior with a decreasing blocking temperature and an increasing remanent magnetization leading

• the TEM images of the resulting hybrid material are shown. Fiber-like structures with lengths of 30–100 μm and widths of 1–0.5 μm can be observed (Figure 8A). The EDX analysis reveals the homogenous distribution of the Fe content in these fibers (Figure 8B). The reference sample (with only Fe3O4 NPs

• [39], where kB is the Boltzmann constant and V the volume of the NPs. The obtained value is 8.59·105 erg/cm3 for Fe3O4 NP and 7.05·105 erg/cm3 for Fe3O4 NP Hcp1_cys3 fibers. These values are considerably larger than the reported value for Fe3O4 bulk material (1·105 erg/cm3) [39]. The higher value is

Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes

• Elena Dellacasa,
• Li Zhao,
• Gesheng Yang,
• Laura Pastorino and
• Gleb B. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10

• End Road, E1 4NS London, UK, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.7.10 Abstract The enantiomers poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(L-lactic acid

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• uses, military clothing, work-wear uniform, and as household decorative textiles. XRD patterns of sonochemically coated fabrics with: (a) ZnO and (b) CuO NPs. Images of textile fibers (shredded bandages) colored with RO16 and RB5 dyes and functionalized with ZnO and CuO NPs in a one-step sonochemical

Conformational switching of ethano-bridged Cu,H₂-bis-porphyrin induced by aromatic amines

• Simona Bettini,
• Emanuela Maglie,
• Rosanna Pagano,
• Victor Borovkov,
• Yoshihisa Inoue,
• Ludovico Valli and
• Gabriele Giancane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2154–2160, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.221

• solution. Experimental Cu,H2-Por2 was synthesized by a previously reported method [20]. A NIMA trough equipped with two optical fibers was used for the reflection spectroscopy measurements and the same trough was employed for transferring the LS films. A chloroform solution of Cu,H2-Por2 was spread onto

Light-powered, artificial molecular pumps: a minimalistic approach

• Giulio Ragazzon,
• Massimo Baroncini,
• Serena Silvi,
• Margherita Venturi and
• Alberto Credi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2096–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.214

• , appropriately organized in arrays such as muscle fibers, take care of the macroscopic movements of organisms. Albeit still far from the complexity and functionality of biological systems, chemists have begun to undertake the design and construction of simple molecular devices, and to understand their

Nitrogen-doped graphene films from chemical vapor deposition of pyridine: influence of process parameters on the electrical and optical properties

• Andrea Capasso,
• Theodoros Dikonimos,
• Francesca Sarto,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Giovanni De Bellis,
• Maria Sabrina Sarto,
• Giuliana Faggio,
• Angela Malara,
• Giacomo Messina and
• Nicola Lisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2028–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.206

• quartz optical fibers (1 m length, 600 µm core diameter) with quartz collimating lens mounted on their ends (spot size on the sample about 1 mm). For each sample, the measurement was repeated in three sites to average over film inhomogeneity. (a) Raman spectra of graphene grown by pyridine, at different

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• these applications [8]. Although several methods of nanofiber preparation have been invented [9], electrospinning technique can be considered as a simple and versatile method for the production of continuous polymeric nanofibrous mats formed of nano- to micro-sized fibers [10][11][12][13][14]. Moreover

• possible. However, the morphological characterization revealed several differences in the parameters of resultant samples (Table 1). The thinnest fibers with a mean fiber diameter 157 nm were prepared from PVA, and the thickness of PCL nanofibers (179 nm) was almost similar to this value. PLA fibers were

• the thickest, with a diameter of 282 nm. The surface areas corresponded to the fiber diameters; the surface area was largest for the thinnest PVA fibers (7.7 m2/g) and smallest for PLA (4.7 m2/g). These differences are due to the needle-free electrospinning method. Needle-free electrospinning does not

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• shape and size of nanomaterials in consumer products (i.e., units of nanometers or micrometers, thickness of nanofilms, diameter or length of fibers or tubes, diameter or radius of nanoparticles, maximum, median, average, or minimum size), this descriptor was added as a text entry field in the database

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• different number of microvilli reflects an altered organization of the F-actin network between M cells and Caco-2 cells labeling of cytoskeletal F-actin-fibers with rhodamine-phalloidin was performed. In Caco-2 cells, an intense F-actin labeling at the apex of the cells was obtained, indicating a fully

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• vicinity of the positively charged amino acids to facilitate silica mineralization [17]. The good efficiency of AH in promoting silica sheath formation from TEOS in the context of amphiphilic peptide fibers has been demonstrated [17]. 31C and 44C had not been tested with TEOS before, as they were