Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• variable from 10 MHz to 80 MHz. The excitation wavelength to perform the photo counts, photo stability, and power saturation measurements was set to 730 nm (25 nm bandwidth) and 80 MHz. For lifetime measurements we used 40 or 10 MHz. The laser power was finely controlled using a neutral density filter

• signal was transmitted back to the detection arm and filtered using a Thorlabs 850 nm longpass filter (LP, FEL0850). The fluorescence signal was collected using an achromatic aspherical converging lens of 100 mm focal length and sent using a fiber launcher to a multimode 1 m patch fiber coated from 700

• is similar to the one described above with all optics optimized for IR emission. A CW 980 nm diode laser was used to excite the sample and perform confocal mapping, a DM (Semrock Di02-R1064-25x36, filters are LP Semrock BLP02-1319R at 1319 nm and a band-pass filter (BP) from Edmund optics at 1350

A novel method to remove impulse noise from atomic force microscopy images based on Bayesian compressed sensing

• Yingxu Zhang,
• Yingzi Li,
• Zihang Song,
• Zhenyu Wang,
• Jianqiang Qian and
• Junen Yao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2346–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.225

• the image may be hidden in the noise [2]. There is no method that can filter out all types of noise at the same time. Therefore, different filtering methods, according to the type of the noise, need to be applied to acquire high-quality images with removed noise [3][4]. Chen [5] has proposed

• “unsupervised destripe” to remove the non-uniform stripe noises from AFM images. Orthogonal wavelets are applied to filter the Gaussian noise from AFM images [6]. For the impulse noise in AFM images, the median filter is generally applied [7][8], where every pixel is replaced by the median value of pixels of

• the neighborhood. In order to reduce the image blurring and the loss of details, the adaptive median filter [9] is proposed where only the noisy pixels are replaced. The removal of impulse noise is decomposed into two steps: the identification of noisy pixels and the recovery of the true image. To

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• acquired with a DeLong America LVEM5 microscope, equipped with a field-emission gun and operating at 5 kV. TEM samples were prepared by dropping 10 µL of sample (10 mg/mL in water) on a copper grid (400 mesh) placed on filter paper. The grid was left to dry overnight for evaporating the solvent

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• suspensions were diluted with purified water to 0.25 mg/mL. The suspension was dripped on a filter (MF-Millipore™ membrane filter VSWP, 0.1 µm) and dried for 24 h in a desiccator. Afterwards, the membranes were sputtered with gold under argon atmosphere (SCD 040, BAL-TEC, Balzers, Liechtenstein). The SEM

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• , other contrast agents. Au-CPMV-labeled cell tracking has great potential for use in clinical studies. Experimental Materials Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH, MW ≈ 15,000), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate trihydrate 99.9%+, sodium chloride, 50 and 100 kDa cut-off Millipore filter membranes, potassium

• (1 mg/mL; supplemented with 250 mM NaCl) over 5–10 min under continuous stirring at 500–800 rpm at ambient temperature. PAHCPMV particles were washed four times with DD water (15 mL each) on 50 kDa cut-off Millipore filter membranes, followed by dialysis with 12,400 molecular weight cut-off (MWCO

• analyzed with a fluorescence microscope (Cytation Cell Imager; BioTek Instruments, Inc). Transmission electron microscopy TEM images were recorded using a Titan FEI microscope, operating at 300 kV and fitted with a post-column Gatan Tridiem GIF 863 imaging filter. Samples were dispersed in water at a

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• nitrate (AgNO3, Strem), and ethanol (Aaper). N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 99%) and acrylic acid (AAc, 99.5%) were obtained from Acros. Water was purified to a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm (Academic Milli-Q Water System; Millipore Corporation) and filtered using a 0.22 μm filter to remove any impurities. All

• × 10−4 mol) was added to initiate the polymerization. After 15 min, an aliquot of acrylic acid AAc (0.024 g; 3.33 × 10−4 mol) in 1.5 mL of water was added. Following vigorous stirring of the mixture for 4 h, the reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to room temperature and filtered through filter

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• ionic Ag could happen due to complexes formed with components of the tested media that can precipitate or cannot pass the filter. Safety assessment The toxicity of CYS- and GSH-coated AgNPs and AuNPs on mammalian cells was investigated in vitro to determine if biothiol-functionalization of metallic NPs

• NPs were diluted in the test media to a final concentration of 10 mg L−1, and were left stirring in the dark for 1 h following filtration using an Amicon-4 Ultra centrifugal filter of 3 kDa cut-off size (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). The obtained filtrates were immediately acidified with HNO3

• , Waltham, USA) solution, washed with PBS, resuspended in PBS-based buffer containing FBS (2%) and EDTA (2 mmol L−1) (pH 7.4, filtered through 0,2 μm sterile filter) and passed through a 40 μm FalconTM cell strainer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA). The supernatants and the detached cells were

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• . Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of lipid nanoparticles The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of TOC and RA in NLCs were determined as previously described [41]. A 0.5 mL aliquot of each NLC batch was loaded into a centrifugal filter (Microcon centrifugal filter unit YM-10

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• temperature, 0.1 M HAuCl4 solution and water were added to the polymer solution to obtain a 8% polymer solution containing 2% of gold. The latter percentage refers to the [Au]/[PVA] mass ratio. After mixing and filtrating the solution on a 0.45 μm Millipore filter, the solution containing polymer and Au3

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• nanoparticle dilutions described above were transferred into a folded capillary cell and the experiment was conducted at 22 °C. Morphological analysis of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 3 µL of diluted HAS nanoparticle suspension (0.25 mg/mL) was applied on a 0.1 µm membrane filter

• (IsoporeTM membrane filter, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and dried overnight in a desiccator. Afterwards, the membrane filter was sputtered with gold (Sputter SCD 040, BALTEC, Liechtenstein) under argon atmosphere. SEM was performed on a CamScan CS4 microscope (Cambridge Scanning Company, Cambridge

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• the synthesis of a freestanding MoS2-based composite paper using a small addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and shear-force milling in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The paper was prepared simply by vacuum filtration of the slurry on top of a filter. The resulting material exhibits

• -like material by filtration of the mixture on top of a filter. The self-assembled material was denoted as MoS2-based composite paper. A picture of the composite paper is shown in Figure 1. We investigated the morphology of this compound material by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with results shown

• top of a filter during vacuum filtration. The reported material exhibits high structural integrity and flexibility. The composite was tested in various electrochemical applications covering supercapacitors, anodes in lithium ion batteries and hydrogen evolution catalysis. In terms of supercapacitors

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• (condenser lens aperture) opening of 70 μm. Experiments of photocatalytic activity The photocatalytic activity of the samples was determined by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation using a 300 W Xe lamp with a 420 nm cut-off filter. In the experiment, 40 mg Bi2WO6

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• solution with a 400 W Xe lamp with a cut-off filter (λ ≥ 400 nm for visible light irradiation). The residual RhB concentration was determined with a UV–vis spectrophotometer using a previously published method [29] over a given time interval. In addition, the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was developed by facile deposition of silver nanoparticles onto cellulose fibers of ordinary laboratory filter paper. This was achieved by means of the silver mirror reaction in a manner to control both the size of the silver nanoparticles and the silver density of the

• which the metal nanoparticles are deposited influences both the collection efficiencies and detection sensitivities. Cellulose, such as laboratory filter paper and bacterial nanocellulose, have been considered as superior candidates for the fabrication of SERS substrates with silver nanoparticles, due

• cross-linked porous structure and the hierarchical morphologies at micro- and nanoscale of bulk cellulose lead to the creation of more hot spots by the loaded silver nanoparticles, and therefore, to higher SERS enhancement. Furthermore, cellulose materials such as filter paper are structurally porous

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• microscope with a 0.19 nm point-to-point resolution at 200 keV equipped with an embedded Quantum Gatan Image Filter (Quantum GIF) for electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis. The images were analyzed via Gatan Digital Micrograph software. Optical characterization was carried out using an Ocean

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• right shows the silicate component (red), the magnetite NPs (green) and the ZnO NPs (blue) analyzed with an EDAX detector and a Gatan Tridiem energy filter; reprinted with permission from [133], copyright 2017 Elsevier. (A) TEM image of the Pt–TiO2@sepiolite clay nanoarchitectures prepared by a

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• with a molecular weight cut-off of 14 kDa (Roth; Karlsruhe, Germany). The resulting polymer was filtered through a 0.22 μm diameter syringe filter and freeze-dried. Depending on the phenolic compound that was used, the polymers were denoted as CS-H (hydroquinone-modified chitosan), CS-G (gallic acid

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• sequence was unknown. Since the molcular weight of FluPep ligand (2967 Da) is greater than that required for group separation on Sephadex G25 (1000 Da), additional purification by means of washes on a 10 kDa cut-off Nanosep filter were included to ensure removal of any free FluPep ligand. When up to 5

• with 1× (100 mM NaNO3, 20 mM HEPES). In the case of FluPep-functionalised nanoparticles, the separation of free FluPep ligand (Mw = 2967 Da) required six washes, each wash involving a 10-fold dilution of the nanoparticles on a 10 kDa cut-off Nanosep filter and centrifugation. The nanoparticles were

• (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Sweden). The gel slurry was packed into a white pipette tip (200 µL) using half the filter as a frit and equilibrated in PBS. Capped nanoparticles were concentrated and exchanged into the appropriate buffer using a 10 kDa cut-off Nanosep centrifugal filter. The

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• of 3 µL diluted PLGA NP suspension (0.2 mg/mL) was applied on a 0.1 µm membrane filter (IsoporeTM membrane filter, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and dried overnight in a desiccator. Afterwards, the membrane filter was sputtered with gold (Sputter SCD 040, BALTEC, Liechtenstein) under argon

• , the cells were covered with Vectashield® Mounting medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingname, USA) for nuclear staining. All images were taken using a IX81 fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) with filter systems including excitation at 360–370 nm, dichroic mirror at 400 nm

• deconvolution (Wiener filter) using cellSens Dimensions Software 1.8.1. Statistical methods All experiments were performed at least three times. The results are shown as average value with standard deviation. Significance tests were conducted with Sigma Plot 12.5 (Systat Software GmbH, Erkrath, Germany), using

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• centrifugal filter unit. For the immobilization of the half-antibodies, haBSA were spotted over the PBG sensing structures on the silanized SOI chip (4 μL of haBSA at 20 µg/mL in PBS 0.1× buffer) and then incubated for 30 min at 37 °C before the chip was irradiated with UV light (λ = 254 nm) for 5 s. For the

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• blood–brain barrier permeability rBCEC4 cells were grown on filter insert membranes to allow for the investigation of NP effects on BBB permeability. The transport of two tracers across the cell monolayer and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) were measured. TEER measurements showed a

• (Ω·cm2) of the cell monolayer was calculated according to Equation 1 [47]: RTotal is the resistance across the rBCEC4 cell layer on the coated filter membrane, RBlank is the resistance across an empty filter membrane (only coating, no cells) and AMembrane is the surface area of the filter membrane. The

• is the volume in the receiver chamber and A the surface area of the filter membrane. FAcum was calculated from Equation 3: CRi is the concentration in the receiver chamber at the end of interval i and CDi the concentration in the donor chamber at the beginning of interval i. Statistical analysis

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• , Beijing) equipped with a 420 nm optical filter (to cut off ultraviolet light) was placed on top as the light source. The system was degassed before irradiation and the evolution of hydrogen was detected by inline gas chromatography (CEL-GC7920, TCD, 5A molecular sieve column and N2 as carrier gas

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• graphene oxide For PEGylation, the sheets of GO were cracked into nano-graphene oxide (nGO) by an ultrasonic probe at 200 W for 3 h [29]. Then, the nGO solution (2 mg/mL) was neutralized by repeated rinsing and was purified through filtration using a Millex® syringe filter (0.45 μm). Finally, 400 mg of

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• to the decanted magnetite NPs, followed by the addition of degassed purified water (18 mL). The resulting mixture was ultrasonicated for 30 min under nitrogen using a high-power sonicator, then transferred into 50 mL Amicon® Ultra-15 centrifugal filter tubes (100KD, Millipore, Cork, Ireland). The

• to 10 mL with dd water, and set aside overnight for decomposition. The solution was then filtered through a 0.22 µm PTFE syringe filter (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). For iron analysis, 1 mL of the filtered solution was diluted to 10 mL with dd water. Superconducting quantum interference device