Patterning a hydrogen-bonded molecular monolayer with a hand-controlled scanning probe microscope

• Matthew F. B. Green,
• Taner Esat,
• Christian Wagner,
• Philipp Leinen,
• Alexander Grötsch,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1926–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.203

• through the tip–PTCDA–Ag(111) junction with the effects of de-population and de-hybridization of the LUMO of PTCDA, which occur upon the gradual breaking of the PTCDA–Ag(111) bonds [12][20][21]. Finally, to illustrate the reliability of the HCM, we present a structure “stencilled” into PTCDA/Ag(111) by

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• phase shows a negligible DOS at the K point of the π-band. These results point to the disruption of the Dirac cones and the formation of a metal-like DOS. Surprisingly, the hybridization of the π-band with Ir states is due to the chemisorption of just 11% of the C atoms in the unit cell of the buckled

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• adjustments of the measurement settings, the thermal emission of electrons from the NCs is detected by DLTS (for more explanations on DLTS analysis see [24][36][37][38]). Hybridization between F4-TCNQ and Si NC one-electron states. (a) Isosurface plot of the F4-TCNQ lowest unoccupied state (b2g symmetry), and

Controlling the dispersion of supported polyoxometalate heterogeneous catalysts: impact of hybridization and the role of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity balance and supramolecularity

• Gijo Raj,
• Colas Swalus,
• Eglantine Arendt,
• Pierre Eloy,
• Michel Devillers and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.185

• 5819 SPRAM (CEA/CNRS/UJF-Grenoble 1), Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, Organique et Hybride, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France 10.3762/bjnano.5.185 Abstract The hybridization of polyoxometalates (POMs) through an organic–inorganic association offers several processing

• hybrid material is deposited on freshly cleaved mica. Finally, a UV–ozone treatment of the hybrid material allows one to obtain highly dispersed isolated POM entities on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The hybridization strategy to prevent the clustering of POMs on various supports would

• medicine [3], magnetism [4][5][6], electronics [7], electro- and photochromic systems [8][9], and catalysis [10][11][12][13][14]. The hybridization of POM anions in an organic matrix offers several practical advantages. In catalysis, for example, hybridization offers a means to synthesize heterogeneous POM

Numerical investigation of the effect of substrate surface roughness on the performance of zigzag graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors symmetrically doped with BN

• Majid Sanaeepur,
• Arash Yazdanpanah Goharrizi and
• Mohammad Javad Sharifi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1569–1574, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.168

• tight-binding Hamiltonian. Because of the statistical nature of SR an ensemble average is taken over a large number of devices to obtain averaged device characteristics. Model and Methods The sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms in the GNR lattice is preserved in the presence of B or N dopants [34

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• : composite materials; fluorescence quenching; hydrophobic; luminescence; upconversion; Introduction The synthesis of fluorescent functional materials raised significant interest in order to understand biological processes such as DNA sequencing, detection of DNA-hybridization, protein sensing, single

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• excited state of PdZn originates from a hole bound to 4d10 shells or an intermediately bound exciton to a neutral d9 configuration due to the hybridization of the Pd4d states with the Zn4s states at the bottom of the conduction band. The electron capture takes place at the neutral PdZn center (i.e., [Pd2

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• atoms in a tetrahedral fashion and, in turn, the Se atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to two Cu atoms and two In and Ga atoms. This tetrahedral coordination refers to the covalent bonding between group I, III and VI elements, which results in a sp3 hybridization. However, along with the covalent nature

Nanocavity crossbar arrays for parallel electrochemical sensing on a chip

• Enno Kätelhön,
• Dirk Mayer,
• Marko Banzet,
• Andreas Offenhäusser and
• Bernhard Wolfrum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1137–1143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.124

• featuring interdigitated electrodes at the intersections [20]. Reported applications include gene-function analysis [18], electroluminescence detection [21], mapping of cell topographies [22], detection of cellular enzyme secretion [19][23], detection of DNA hybridization [24], and evaluation of embryoid

Molecular biology approaches in bioadhesion research

• Marcelo Rodrigues,
• Birgit Lengerer,
• Thomas Ostermann and
• Peter Ladurner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 983–993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.112

• hybridization screen, and (4) functional analyses of selected genes by using RNA interference knock-down. Furthermore, latest developments in genome-editing are presented as new tools to study gene function. By using this iterative multi-technologies approach, the identification, isolation, expression and

• expression; in situ hybridization; RNA interference; transcriptome; Introduction The capability of an organism to attach to a surface, either temporarily or permanently, is referred to as “bioadhesion”. Bioadhesion occurs in many living organisms that have designed ways to adhere to a range of surfaces [1

• assembled hypothetical complementary DNA originating from isolated messenger RNA) expressed in the region of the animal containing adhesive-producing cells; secondly, in situ hybridization (ISH) screening provides the (temporal and) spatial expression of target transcripts; thirdly, RNA interference (RNAi

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• -hybridization in the GO layer. As a result, the conductivity of GO decreases greatly compared with that of graphene. Amongst various methods for the reduction of GO to form RGO, photoreaction (photoreduction) is “green” without any toxic chemical reagents. Moreover, it is easy to control the degree of reduction

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• dots [33]. Such superior photocatalytic properties could be attributable to a combination of a few factors including the depression of electron–hole recombination, bandgap narrowing, and increased surface area upon hybridization. Due to the rapid development of nanotechnology, a variety of quantum dots

• solution for the photosensitizers to anchor. The hybridization of exfoliated nanosheets with nanosized photosensitizers often shows a tunable electronic structure and new physicochemical properties. All these features attribute to a promising future of nanostructure sensitization in the ion-exchangeable

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• hybridization, and the interaction of bright and dark modes, which leads to plasmonic Fano resonances, were discussed [4][5][6][7][8]. The structure geometries went from simple planar dot-like structures to complex, hybrid 3-dimensional (3D) systems. First applications in the area of sensing in the visible and

• mode around 780 nm as well as a small peak at 580 nm for a polarization of 0°, which is along the dimer axis (black curve), and a shorter wavelength mode around 710 nm for perpendicular polarization (red curve). Possible explanations include the hybridization between the two particle plasmons in

• . The smallest disk features the shortest resonance wavelength and oscillator strength, which is present only as a shoulder at 680 nm. Hybridization effects might also influence the spectrum, as can be inferred from simulations (not shown here). At a large spacer thickness of 70 nm, strong phase

CoPc and CoPcF₁₆ on gold: Site-specific charge-transfer processes

• Fotini Petraki,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Johannes Uihlein,
• Umut Aygül and
• Thomas Chassé

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 524–531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.61

• spectroscopy (UPS) as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Combined XPS and XAES measurements can be employed as a tool to study the contribution of the polarization energy to chemical shifts at interfaces. XAS gives valuable information about the unoccupied electronic structure and the hybridization

DNA origami deposition on native and passivated molybdenum disulfide substrates

• Xiaoning Zhang,
• Masudur Rahman,
• David Neff and
• Michael L. Norton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.58

• proposed and implemented by Rothmund in 2006 [1], DNA origami has offered a promising pathway for the construction of precisely programmed molecular architectures [2]. Through programmed, specific oligonucleotide recognition and hybridization, these DNA nanostructures can be used to combine, and therefore

Interaction of iron phthalocyanine with the graphene/Ni(111) system

• Lorenzo Massimi,
• Simone Lisi,
• Daniela Pacilè,
• Carlo Mariani and
• Maria Grazia Betti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 308–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.34

• free-standing graphene, the linear dispersion of the π band is preserved close to the K point with only a slight p-doping, which is in agreement with the literature [12][13]. The very tiny doping has also been interpreted as slight hybridization between the Gr-π states and the underlying Ir d bands

• direction perpendicular to ΓK confirm the strong shift of the Dirac point, while the gap opening is attributed to a strong hybridization of the Gr-π* states with the Ni d bands [22]. The photoemission data in the low binding energy region for the iron phthalocyanine molecules deposited on the Gr/Ni surface

• eV BE remains unchanged and shows only a slight intensity reduction. The observed change of the minority d band originates from a hybridization with the graphene π bands [25]. The increased intensity of the lowest BE peak is emphasized by the high excitation cross-section for the C π-bands with

Core level binding energies of functionalized and defective graphene

• Toma Susi,
• Markus Kaukonen,
• Paula Havu,
• Mathias P. Ljungberg,
• Paola Ayala and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 121–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.12

• substitutional doping, which we will not discuss here, the functionalization of graphene by, e.g., hydrogenation [1][2] and oxygenation [3][4] has been a topic of intense research. These treatments result in –H, –O, or –OH groups bonded to the carbon atoms, the orbital hybridization of which is changed from sp2

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• ]. Recently, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of 2 nm showed quantum size effects on unoccupied states [10], which involved the hybridization of Ti 3d and Ti 4s orbitals with O 2p orbitals in covalent bonds. The conformal growth of ALD gives the possibility of having homogeneous films below 2

• interpreted with the density of unoccupied states of O 2p, as multiplet structures that originate from the overlap of initial and final state wave functions are considered to be negligible [24]. In this case the XAS at O-K edge gives direct information about the hybridization of O 2p with Ti orbitals [24

• 4s/O 2p hybridization and a simultaneous weakening of the Ti 3d/O 2p hybridization [10]. This was concluded from the observation that the doublet at 530–535 eV (called feature C here) in TiO2 NPs was weaker relative to the broad feature in the region 535–550 eV (feature D). The broad region is

Many-body effects in semiconducting single-wall silicon nanotubes

• Wei Wei and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 19–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.2

• point at which the direct transition occurrs are shown in Figure 3. As can be seen from the wave function of the last valence band, the weak π bonds are predominating with pz states floating above Si atoms due to the fact that sp3 hybridization in silicon is stable, which is in accordance with the mixed

• sp2–sp3 hybridization in silicene. In Figure 3b, a strong mixture of the π* states and σ* states exists in the tubes forming a ring-like distribution due to the curvature effects. In addition, one can see where the electrons are excited (with holes left). In Figure 4, optical absorption spectra of

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• that of CNTs [6]. It has been theoretically demonstrated that BNNTs can capture ions selectively creating superhydrophobic surfaces [7][8]. Since hexagonal boron nitrides (h-BNs) have a sp2 hybridization, the BNNTs can interact with polymers possessing aromatic rings via π-π interaction. Therefore, the

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• semiconductors, at least as bulk samples. The formation of the band gap in the isostructural compounds FeGa3, RuGa3 and RuIn3 originates from the hybridization of the narrow d-bands of the transition metal (TM) with rather broad p-bands of the group-III elements. In particular, such a hybridization also produces

• semiconducting intermetallic compounds formed due to the specific hybridization effects between narrow d- and broad sp-bands, rather than due to the formation of strong covalent bonds, structural disorder completely removes the gap. Besides smearing out small features in the electronic density of states

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Re₃As_6.6In_0.4 with Ir₃Ge₇ crystal structure

• Valeriy Y. Verchenko,
• Anton S. Vasiliev,
• Alexander A. Tsirlin,
• Vladimir A. Kulbachinskii,
• Vladimir G. Kytin and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 446–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.52

• shown promising ZT values. All members of the Ir3Ge7 family crystallize in the cubic space group Im−3m and feature the M–M dumbbells inside the Archimedean antiprism of the non-transition-element atoms. The strong hybridization of the transition-metal d-orbitals with the p-orbitals of a non-transition

Size variation of infrared vibrational spectra from molecules to hydrogenated diamond nanocrystals: a density functional theory study

• Mudar A. Abdulsattar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 262–268, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.28

• of Figure 1 an sp2 hybridization mode is expected [18]. As in the case of the first part of Figure 1, many of the present frequencies are very near to their analogous lines in diamond-like carbon surfaces and hydrocarbon molecular frequencies such as the lines 2850, 2875, 2920cm−1, etc. [18]. Some of

Micro- and nanoscale electrical characterization of large-area graphene transferred to functional substrates

• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Patrick Fiorenza,
• Raffaella Lo Nigro,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Guido G. Condorelli,
• Nicolò Piluso,
• Noemi Spartà,
• Stella Lo Verso,
• Corrado Accardi,
• Cristina Tringali,
• Sebastiano Ravesi and
• Filippo Giannazzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 234–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.24

• and SiO2 and graphene and PEN. In fact, a van der Waals interaction occurs between graphene and SiO2, whereas it cannot be excluded that other kind of bonds occur locally between graphene and the polymeric substrate, leading to a partial sp3 hybridization of graphene C atoms and, hence, to a local

• different kind of interaction of graphene with SiO2 and PEN. While a van der Waals bond occurs between graphene and SiO2, other kind of bonds can be locally formed between graphene and the polymeric chains of PEN, leading to a partial sp3 hybridization of graphene and, hence, to a local modification of its

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14