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Search for "particle size" in Full Text gives 546 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

  • Karishma Berta Cotta,
  • Sarika Mehra and
  • Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

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  • individual particle size in comparison to the NOR@IONPs synthesized in our previous study. However, the hydrodynamic diameter in this work is observed to be smaller, with majority of the particles lying between 70–80 nm and 40–70 nm for NOR@IONPpH5 and NOR@IONPpH10, respectively. Additionally, the zeta
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Published 07 Oct 2021

Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

  • Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81

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  • Dieter Vollath NanoConsulting, Primelweg 3, 76297 Stutensee, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.81 Abstract Most of the technically important properties of nanomaterials, such as superparamagnetism or luminescence, depend on the particle size. During synthesis and handling of nanoparticles, agglomeration
  • teach that, in case of any energetic interaction of the particles, the influence of the entropy is minor or even negligible. Complementary to the simulations, the extremum of the entropy was determined using the Lagrange method. Both approaches yielded identical result for the particle size distribution
  • ; Introduction Many properties of technical importance of nanomaterials depend on the particle size. Typical examples are superparamagnetism, luminescence, or energetic applications. In many cases, the particles show in an “as produced” state the requested size distributions. However, during handling or storage
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Published 29 Sep 2021

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

  • Keshav Nagpal,
  • Erwan Rauwel,
  • Frédérique Ducroquet and
  • Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

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  • nanocomposites [76]. They investigated Ag-doped ZnO (Ag:ZnO) and Ag:ZnO/PMMA nanocomposites for ETL applications in OLED. The pristine Ag:ZnO has an average particle size of ≈57 nm and the PMMA capping layer was ≈8 nm. Consequently, an increased rate of electron–hole recombination and an enhanced current density
  • unsubstituted PPV polymer, show improved properties. More recently, QD-based LED have shown an increase in the overall performance and longer lifetime values than OLED [85][86][87][88][89]. Furthermore, facile tuning of the emission wavelength by adjusting the particle size, their low fabrication cost, and
  • saturated colors with a narrow bandwidth of EL (full width at half maximum ≈30 nm) have made the QLED attractive [90][91]. In effect, owing to the quantum confinement of CdSe QD, a decrease in particle size blueshifts the emission. Thus, their emission can be tuned to the entire visible spectrum by varying
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Published 24 Sep 2021

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

  • Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
  • Norma J. Salazar-López,
  • Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
  • José R. Vega-Baudrit,
  • J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
  • Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
  • Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
  • Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
  • Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

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  • . In order to maximize the beneficial health effects of CUR, critical factors need to be strictly controlled, such as particle size, morphology, and interaction between the encapsulating material and CUR. In addition, there is an area of study to be explored in the development of CUR-based smart
  • different sizes (20, 70, or 200 nm). For example, maximum plasma CUR concentration was found 5 min after administration (with concentration of 1250 ng/mL and particle size of 20 nm). In the lungs, spleen, and liver the maximum concentration was observed 10 min after administration (with concentrations and
  • particle sizes of 800 ng/mL-70 nm, 280 ng/mL-200 nm, and 550 ng/mL-200 nm, respectively). In the brain, the maximum CUR concentration was detected 5 min after administration (20 ng/mL with a particle size of 20 nm). This suggests that targeted delivery via an optimized size can lead to an increased organ
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Published 15 Sep 2021

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

  • Maximilian Joschko,
  • Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
  • Christina Malsi,
  • Danilo Kisić,
  • Ivana Validžić and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

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  • temperature was chosen to slow down the reaction rate, and hence to increase the duration of different reaction steps and decrease the primary particle size. Systematically, the Sb2S3 nanoparticles in the different formation steps were analyzed regarding morphology, crystallinity, and optical properties, and
  • product contained nanoparticles with a diameter of 33 ± 5 nm (a summary of the evolution of the particle size throughout the synthesis can be found in Table 1). The nanoparticles were irregularly formed but, in general, spherically shaped. With increasing reaction time, the dispersion turned darker and
  • Information File 1). As the reaction continued, a dark red dispersion was obtained. While the average particle size (210 ± 30 nm) remained unchanged 30 min after the reaction had been started (Figure 1c), the aggregated type I nanoparticles now appeared to have merged as the type II nanoparticles preserved
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Published 10 Sep 2021

A Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

  • Adem Koçyiğit,
  • Adem Sarılmaz,
  • Teoman Öztürk,
  • Faruk Ozel and
  • Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

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  • confirms the purity of the synthesized nanocrystals. TEM images of the CuNiCoS4 nanocrystals are shown in Figure 2b. Agglomerated spherical nanocrystals were formed due to magnetic effects and electrostatic and steric forces [19]. The average particle size of the CuNiCoS4 nanocrystals was calculated as 6.5
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Published 02 Sep 2021

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

  • Nabojit Das,
  • Akash Kumar and
  • Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

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  • λ-carrageenan polysaccharides of different concentrations [113]. The particle size, morphology, and stability were predominantly determined by the concentration and the gelation properties of the used carrageenan. Another study involved stabilizing zein nanoparticles using ι-carrageenan to prevent
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Published 18 Aug 2021

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

  • Ido Azuri,
  • Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
  • Neta Regev-Rudzki,
  • Georg Fantner and
  • Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

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  • particles from image data. A diverse collection of video conditions (different signal-to-noise ratios, background intensity, frame size, particle size, and motion) was used to generate the training data. The neural network tracker showed good accuracy for both 2D and 3D simulated videos and 2D experimental
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Published 13 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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Published 11 Aug 2021

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

  • Yuri B. Matos,
  • Rodrigo S. Romanus,
  • Mattheus Torquato,
  • Edgar H. de Souza,
  • Rodrigo L. Villanova,
  • Marlene Soares and
  • Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

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  • internal torque to the point where it is no longer strong enough to keep the tubular structure anymore. TEM images of Ag/HNT-0, Ag/HNT-4, and Ag/HNT-8 (Figure 4b,d,f and the corresponding particle size histograms in the insets) show the distribution of metallic silver nanoparticles nucleated on the HNT
  • surface and also show that nucleation increases with treatment time, resulting in a larger nanoparticles on the surface of Ag/HNT-8 compared to Ag/HNT-4 and Ag/HNT-0, as expected. The particle size distributions show main sizes of 9, 11, and 14 nm for Ag/HNT-0, Ag/HNT-4, and Ag/HNT-8, respectively. The
  • suspension, (3) LDPE test specimen, (4) Petri dish, and (5) Petri dish cover. XRD patterns of HNT-8 and Ag/HNT-8. TEM images of (a) HNT-0, (b) Ag/HNT-0, (c) HNT-4, (d) Ag/HNT-4, (e) HNT-8, and (f) Ag/HNT-8. The insets show the corresponding particle size histogram. DSC and TGA measurements of Ag-NP formation
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Published 05 Aug 2021

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

  • Khosro Adibkia,
  • Ali Ehsani,
  • Asma Jodaei,
  • Ezzatollah Fathi,
  • Raheleh Farahzadi and
  • Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

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  • culture medium outside the cells [11]. According to a previous study by Fröhlich et al., the access of Ag-NPs into other organelles depends on the particle size [32]. In the same way, Berry et al. demonstrated that the uptake of NPs is limited by the dimensions of the nuclear pores. Gold nanoparticles (Au
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Published 02 Aug 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

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Published 02 Jul 2021

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

  • Gul Naz,
  • Hafsa Asghar,
  • Muhammad Ramzan,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Rashid Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
  • Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
  • Nadeem Baig and
  • Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

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  • circuit including a white LED was utilized. Results and Discussion To determine the morphology, the as-prepared silver nanostructures were first characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The absorption spectrum of AgNWs is a function of the dielectric material, the chemicals used, and the particle
  • size [34]. Four samples were examined. First, a sample was taken readily after the addition of AgNO3 to the reaction solution, and the subsequent samples were taken after 10 min and 20 min, and after washing of the final product (after 60 min of the reaction). Figure 3a shows one sharp peak at 401 nm
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Published 01 Jul 2021

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

  • Limin Wang,
  • Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
  • Christiane Höppener,
  • Ulrich S. Schubert and
  • Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

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  • capabilities of the SERS substrates due to size and nanolensing effects [26][27]. However, this complicates the quantitative analysis of the nanoparticle sizes. In this study, we analyzed the averaged particle size distribution by evaluating the projected area of the particles to determine the particle
  • coverage, as well as the average projected spherical analogue particle size. Even though it has to be considered here that the standard deviations of the determined particle sizes and projected areas are rather high, these values can serve as a first estimation of the particle sizes in the SERS films
  • before and after treatment. Therefore, it can be used in an initial evaluation of the morphological changes observed on the substrates after their immersion into different solvents and buffer solutions in comparison to the respective reference samples. The projected particle size analysis of the
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Published 11 Jun 2021

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

  • Robert A. Yokel,
  • Wendel Wohlleben,
  • Johannes Georg Keller,
  • Matthew L. Hancock,
  • Jason M. Unrine,
  • D. Allan Butterfield and
  • Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

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  • . NM-212 was prepared as a nanoceria representative of those used in industrial applications. Nanoceria prepared for industrial applications are often exposed to high temperature (calcined), which increases particle size and produces crystalline particles with a predominance of surface Ce4+ [14][15][16
  • ][17][18]. NM-212 has been reported to have a primary particle size of 20 to 40 nm and a predominance of surface Ce4+ (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). In contrast, nanoceria demonstrated to have therapeutic potential are typically prepared by procedures that do not include calcination
  • hydrodynamic diameter (Smoluchowski's approximation) of the as-prepared- (as-loaded) and the partially dissolved nanoceria was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Brookhaven 90Plus Particle Size Analyzer. The zeta potential (0.5 mg/mL) from pH 0.5 to 13, adjusted with nitric acid and sodium
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Published 04 Jun 2021

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

  • Jialin Wang,
  • Qianqian Duan,
  • Min Yang,
  • Boye Zhang,
  • Li Guo,
  • Pengcui Li,
  • Wendong Zhang and
  • Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

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  • there was no excess CTAB and Ag+ in the AuNRs solution. AuNRs with uniform particle size and good dispersion were obtained. Platinum coating of AuNRs Using a slightly modified experimental method of Grzelczak et al. [27], Pt was deposited on the tips of the AuNRs in the presence of Ag+. The cleaned
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Published 17 May 2021

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

  • Gabriel M. Misirli,
  • Kishore Sridharan and
  • Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

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  • related to its shape and size. To clarify, let's consider the following example wherein we have a solution of AgNPs with a nanosphere-like morphology with an average particle size of 20 nm. In the ICP-OES results for AgNPs, the content found was 30 mg/L (mass concentration). The calculation for this
  • average particle size was 5 nm. In this case, the results would be 4.37 × 1013 particles/mL and 72.58 pM/mL. For this reason, analytical correlation is essential for an accurate evaluation of the results. Table 4 and Table 5 show the correlation between mass concentration and particle concentration as a
  • dispersion) as the incident light and does not depend on the angle (Rayleigh scattering). However, when the particle size is greater than 63 nm, then the Rayleigh dispersion is no longer valid and it is replaced by the Mie anisotropic dispersion theory, in which the scattered light energy is different from
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Published 14 May 2021

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co3O4 anode material for Li-ion batteries

  • Monika Michalska,
  • Huajun Xu,
  • Qingmin Shan,
  • Shiqiang Zhang,
  • Yohan Dall'Agnese,
  • Yu Gao,
  • Amrita Jain and
  • Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

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  • , and a spot size of about 1 µm. Surface morphology and particle size of the synthesized cobalt oxide powder were observed using a Carl Zeiss CrossBeam Auriga scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at 5 kV and a JEOL – JEM 1011 transmission electron microscope (TEM) operated at 80 kV. The specific
  • powder magnified (a) 25,000 times and (b) 100,000 times. (c) TEM image of the Co3O4 powder (inset: a particle size distribution diagram). Electrochemical properties of the Co3O4 electrodes. (a) The first to fifth cycle profiles measured at current density of 100 mA·g−1. (b) Cycling performance measured
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Published 10 May 2021

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

  • Scott C. Bukosky,
  • Sukrith Dev,
  • Monica S. Allen and
  • Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

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  • , as well as the particle size, spacing, and surface charge. As a result, these system parameters can be tuned in order to control the balance between the DLVO forces. Tunability, or the ability to direct the movement and assembly of particles into higher-order structures, is important for a wide
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Published 06 May 2021

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

  • Ilka Simon,
  • Alexandr Savitsky,
  • Rolf Mülhaupt,
  • Vladimir Pankov and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

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  • diffraction (P-XRD). The P-XRD pattern shows the reflexes for hexagonal nickel (Figure 1). TEM images show spherical nickel nanoparticles, which are supported on top of rGO (Figure 2). The particles have a size of 25 ± 5 nm. All nanoparticles are supported on rGO. The particle size of Ni@rGO increased in
  • from a 0.5 wt % dispersion of Ni(COD)2 in [BMIm][NTf2]. Particle size 25 ± 5 nm. Left: P-XRD pattern of WO3 powder calcined at 600 °C for 2 h. (space group of WO3: P21/n). Right: SEM images of WO3 powder calcined at 600 °C for 2 h. Time dependence of the sensor resistance values of the 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO
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Published 15 Apr 2021

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  • Sahar Pourhoseini,
  • Reilly T. Enos,
  • Angela E. Murphy,
  • Bo Cai and
  • Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

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  • 9.4). STEM images of 1000 µg·L−1 PVP-AgNPs and particle size distribution obtained from ImageJ. PVP-AgNPs in RPMI medium (without cells) at (a, b) t = 0, size distribution = 29 ± 0.49 nm and at (c, d) t = 24 h, size distribution = 17 ± 11 nm, under the same conditions as during exposure to cells
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Published 24 Mar 2021

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

  • Barbora Svitkova,
  • Vlasta Zavisova,
  • Veronika Nemethova,
  • Martina Koneracka,
  • Miroslava Kretova,
  • Filip Razga,
  • Monika Ursinyova and
  • Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

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  • carrier, are the most frequently used materials for biomedical applications [17][18][19][20]. The impact of the surface chemistry on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake has not been sufficiently clarified yet. MNPs with comparable basic physicochemical characteristics (e.g., particle size, surface charge
  • A549 cells to the same extent as BSA-SO-MNPs, even though their hydrodynamic particle size was more than five times larger [44]. A less efficient uptake of BSA-coated MNPs compared to PEG-coated MNPs has been observed also in primary murine podocytes [45]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
  • characteristics of these nanoparticles in the solvent and culture medium are shown in Table 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) Particle size distribution and zeta potential of the surface-modified MNPs in stock solution and culture medium were determined by DLS using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK
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Published 23 Mar 2021

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

  • Sandra Senyo Fometu,
  • Guohua Wu,
  • Lin Ma and
  • Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

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  • rates were significantly higher in the QD 530 nm group. They demonstrated that CdTe QDs with a particle size of 530 nm induced higher hemocyte apoptosis when compared to the CdTe QDs 720 nm group due to their smaller particle size and inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis. Silkworm fed with 100 ppm of Ag
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Published 12 Feb 2021

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

  • Natalie Frese,
  • Patrick Schmerer,
  • Martin Wortmann,
  • Matthias Schürmann,
  • Matthias König,
  • Michael Westphal,
  • Friedemann Weber,
  • Holger Sudhoff and
  • Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

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  • mammalian cells and indicate lipid nanodomains or caveolea [6]. Figure 1c shows an evaluation of the virus particle size in five arbitrarily chosen regions on the MOI 1 sample resulting in an average diameter of the virus particles of 75 ± 13 nm, noting that this value has been obtained from viruses after
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Published 02 Feb 2021

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

  • Sina Kaabipour and
  • Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

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  • AgNPs allowed effective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ball milling method is an inexpensive approach for the synthesis of AgNPs in a solid state [140], and can be used for the synthesis of AgNPs in ambient temperature, with a fair control over particle size
  • [143][231]. In most cases, AgNPs are synthesized in metal oxide thin films such as TiO2, SiO2, and ZrO2 where the average particle size is almost 10 nm when the heating temperature is 600 °C in the case of SiO2 thin films, and 500 °C in the case of TiO2 and ZrO2 [231]. Arun Kumar et al. [145
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Published 25 Jan 2021
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