Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• under the same conditions but in the absence of a magnetic field (corresponding TEM micrograph and size distribution are presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Therefore, under this synthesis route, the magnetic field has almost no effect on the morphology of the synthesized

• were processed by ImageJ software in order to obtain distances and angles between crystal planes, radial-averaged integrals of electron diffraction patterns and to plot the histograms with the nanoparticle size distribution [60]. Baseline subtraction and peak integration of the radial-averaged

• respect to the total amount of iron ions (Fe3+ and Fe2+) in the mixture: R = 2.1 (A) and R = 8 (B). Size distribution histograms of nanoparticles obtained from TEM micrographs at different molar ratios R. (A) Length of the rods synthesized at R = 2.1. (B) Diameter of the rods synthesized at R = 2.1. (C

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• size assignments [27]. Considering the expected complex interdependencies of the porosity/pore size distribution of HCs with their electrochemical properties, a combination of these sorption techniques seems reasonable. To minimize capacity losses due to SEI formation in graphite-based LIBs, the

• ). Gas and vapor sorption analyses were performed to examine the surface area, pore size distribution, and pore volume of the HC samples by a gas/vapor adsorption measurement instrument (autosorb iQ, Quantachrome Instruments, USA). All samples were outgassed under vacuum at 350 °C for more than 4 h

• calculated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The pore size distribution was obtained from CO2 adsorption measurements using the Monte Carlo method. The isotherms of H2O adsorption were used to estimate the pore size distribution using the equation reported by Wang et al. [34], which is based on

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• suspension of Au NPs in water (inset on the right) obtained from compound 4. (a–e) TEM images of the gold nanoparticles obtained from the dendrimer compound 4 at different magnifications. (f) Analysis of the size distribution of the gold NPs from the TEM image (a). Scale bars: 100 nm (a), 20 nm (b), 2 nm (c

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• perform morphological characterizations of the films deposited on Si(100) substrates. The average size distribution of Au NPs was estimated through statistical analysis of top-view SEM images with the open source software ImageJ®. Since the shape of the Au NPs was not always perfectly circular, their area

Agglomerates of nanoparticles

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 854–857, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.70

• or (attracting) highly agglomerated particles. For these two cases different distribution functions for the agglomerates were found. The size distribution of the agglomerates is ruled by the maximum of the entropy of the ensemble of agglomerates, which is calculated using Gibbs formula of entropy

• . The exact determination of the size distribution of the agglomerates also gives the maximum size of the agglomerates. These considerations lead to an improved understanding of ensembles of agglomerated nanoparticles. Keywords: agglomeration; enthalpy; entropy; Gibbs entropy; nanoparticles; size

• of particles in the ensembles is determined by the fact that for each size of agglomerates this number must be described by an integer. It is important to note that the extrema for the entropy are very flat. The small value of the parameter λ means that the size distribution is very close to a

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• –Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas were calculated from five adsorption points in the range of p/p0 = 0.02–0.1 for CTF-1-400 and Ni/CTF-1-400-20, of p/p0 = 0.1–0.3 for Ni/CTF-1-400-35 and of p/p0 = 0.1–0.2 for CTF-1-600 and its corresponding composites. The pore size distribution was derived by NLDFT

• size distribution were determined using the Digital Micrograph software from Gatan analyzing over 100 particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using a ULVAC-PHI VersaProbe II microfocus X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The spectra were recorded using a polychromatic Al Kα X-ray

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• to the size distribution of grains, which smears out the range of instability, whereas the results summarized in Figure 4 were obtained from single grains in the starting configuration. In this situation, there is less possibility for a particle exchange between different grains that may reduce the

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• ratio, filaments and beads appear again, resulting in a non-uniform nanofiber diameter distribution. Therefore, a weight ratio of 5:5 was selected as the optimal parameter for the following experiments. Pore size distribution of the electrospun CNFMs: The pore size distribution of the CNFMs with

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• ; the magnification of an individual nanosphere is shown as the inset in Figure 4). The average diameter of the nanoparticles is approximately 5 nm (a corresponding histogram of the size distribution is shown in Figure 4b). Unfortunately, the TEM image does not allow us to discriminate whether the

• . Scheme of the preparation of sulfonated polystyrene beads with embedded silver nanoparticles. SEM image of sulfonated polystyrene beads. FTIR spectrum of sulfonated polystyrene nanobeads. (A) TEM image of sulfonated polystyrene beads modified with silver nanoparticles and (B) size distribution histogram

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• . Results Figure 2 shows TEM images of the soybean-derived nanoparticles and the corresponding size distribution. All the nanoparticles are of polygonal shape (Figure 2a–c), suggesting that the annealing at high temperatures and the laser ablation did not cause any significant changes to the morphology of

• carbon. The annealing at the temperature of 850 °C did not cause the conversion of amorphous carbon nanoparticles to nanocrystals, and the LAL processing of the annealed-HTC carbon particles also produced amorphous carbon nanoparticles. The size distribution of the soybean-derived nanoparticles is

• depicted in Figure 2d–f, which was determined from the TEM images via the software of ImageJ. Slight differences are observed in the shapes of the size distribution among the HTC-CDs, annealed-CDs and LA-CDs-10%. The histogram of the HTC-CDs has a long tail in the distribution; the histogram of the

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• JGB under a wide range of pH values (from 2 to 12). Results and Discussion Characterization of polyaniline-derived carbon (PDC) The porosity and pore size distribution of the adsorbents were characterized with nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. As shown in Figure 1a, the porosity of the PDC materials was

• ). Importantly, the pore size distribution patterns presented in Figure 1b show that the pore size of PDC increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature; and KOH-900, a PDC material that was obtained via pyrolysis of PANI at 900 °C, has an average pore size of ≈3 nm, which is very effective in adsorption of

• Information File 1. In order to understand the adsorption mechanism, the solution pH for AR1 and JGB was controlled (up to 2–12) with aqueous solution of NaOH or HCl (0.1 M each). (a) N2 adsorption isotherms and (b) pore size distribution of PDC materials and activated carbon (AC) . Amount of adsorbed (a) H2O

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• polystyrene cuvette, at 25 °C. PBS 0.01 M, pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich, was used as the diluent in the case of the evaluation of the size after the protein corona formation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) An analysis of the size distribution and concentration of CNPs and SNPs were performed by NTA using a

• Synthesis and characterisation of the libraries of silica and carbon nanoparticles In this study, we synthesised two matching sets of SNPs and CNPs that had a similar hydrodynamic diameter. The mean hydrodynamic diameter based on DLS and NTA confirmed a similar size distribution between the two materials

• agglomerate was evaluated. The NP-hard corona complexes were diluted in PBS immediately after the sample preparation and the size distribution was measured by NTA. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particles with the protein corona generated at three different plasma concentrations (10, 40 and 80%) is

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• , small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of hollow capsules could give a detailed illustration of the inner structure and their size distribution in in situ measurements. SAXS investigations of PAH and poly-ʟ-aspartic acid multilayers deposited on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush modified PS templates

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• (GNPs) (Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Ara6-GNPs 3 (A) and 4 (B). The insets show size distribution diagrams with 15 nm average diameter in both cases. Absorption spectra of solutions of Ara6C2NH2-GNPs (3) (A) and Ara6C2EG7NH2-GNPs (4) (B), prepared

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• out after mixing the solutions at 293 K. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The particle size distribution formed as a result of self-association of the pillar[5]arenes 2–4 was determined at 20 °С by dynamic light scattering using a nanoparticle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern) in quartz

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• ) BJH pore size distribution of the CuO, tourmaline, and CuO/tourmaline composite. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, (b) plots of (Ahν)2 vs hν, (c) transient photocurrent, and (d) time-resolved PL spectra of the CuO and CuO/tourmaline composite. (a) MB degradation, (b) the apparent pseudo-first

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• create meso- or macropores into the carbon system templating approaches have become a routine strategy. One prominent attempt is hard-templating based on silica monoliths with a bimodal pore size distribution (meso- and macropores) and a hierarchical pore network [35][36][37][38]. The SiO2 solid is

• after heat treatment at 800 °C are given in Supporting Information File 1. The initial bimodal pore size distribution of the SiO2 features mesopores of 13 nm and macropores of 3 μm in diameter (Figure 2). In the case of the pitch-based sample carbonized at 800 °C (black), the mesopore size of 7 nm is

• monolith. The macropore size distribution of the resin-based monoliths is very broad compared to that of the pitch-based carbon materials, probably due to experimental issues: The very rigid and stiff resin-based monoliths were crushed by a ball mill in order to fit into the sample holder for MIP

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• 500 particle analyzer, before applying the aqueous NP solutions for flow experiments. All four types of the iron oxide NPs showed a monodisperse size distribution (Figure 5b). Among these, the iron oxide NPs prepared with 0.06 mmol PVP/0.007 mmol PEI showed the smallest size (69 nm) with a narrow

• polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.24. The NPs coated with 0.09 mmol PVP/0.0017 mmol PEI ligand mixture were 130 nm in size with a uniform size distribution (PDI: 0.22). In comparison, the 0.07 mmol PVP/0.005 mmol PEI-coated NPs and 0.05 mmol PVP/0.008 mmol PEI-coated NPs were slightly larger with sizes of 144 nm

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• grid and allowed to stick. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanohydroxyapatite was observed. The average particle size distribution of CB-Hap NRs was plotted using ImageJ software. The elemental composition analysis via energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was also performed to confirm the

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• [40]. The XPS results further indicate that the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA sample contains C, Co, Ni, Mo and O atoms. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution curves of the CA, NiMoO4/CA and NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA samples are shown in Figure 5. Both the CA and the NiMoO4/CA samples exhibit

• samples was observed by SEM (JSM-6701F, JEOL) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. TEM images and EDS mappings were recorded using a high-resolution TEM (JEOL JEM-2100) operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. The pore size distribution, mean pore diameter, total pore volume and specific surface

• (b) C 1s, (c) Co 2p, (d) Ni 2p, (e) Mo 3d and (f) O 1s. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of (a) CA, (b) NiMoO4/CA (b), and (c) NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA composite. (a) Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves at scan rates of 2.5–50 mV/s and (b) galvanostatic charge/discharge

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• co-workers showed that self-assembled DNA tetrahedron nanoarchitectures with narrow size distribution could deliver siRNA into tumor cells [71]. The programmable DNA strands were functionalized with tumor-targeting folate ligands. The nanoarchitecture consisted of six DNA strands having a total of

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• , additives have also been used in blade coating to obtain compact perovskite films with fewer pinholes and uniform size distribution [17][48]. Huang et al. [36] formulated a perovskite ink that can dramatically improve the blade-coating quality of perovskite films at a high coating speed. Here, the

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• dissolution of AgNP@PVA which can compete with PVP on the nanoparticle surface. We studied this effect also by SAXS, comparing the size distribution of the nanoparticles in solution, the ones from the dissolved AgNP@PVA and also the ones in a 3D printed AgNP@PVA. SAXS analyses of the three samples do not show

• any great differences in the size distribution of the nanoparticles (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3), proving that the nanoparticles do not show drastic changes during the fabrication and the 3D printing of the AgNP@PVA. We extruded the nanocomposite into a 3 mm filament which was used to

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• particles marginally larger than Chit35, and the width of the particle size distribution – as assessed with DLS as a stand-alone instrument – was also similar (Figure 1, compare dashed and solid lines). Further, both methods allowed for quantitative siRNA entrapment, and the encapsulation did not

• better understanding of the cell-specific binding and trafficking event for a prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of a nanocarrier. A) Size distribution of chitosan/HA nanoparticles (1 mg/mL, deionized water) prepared from 35 (top) and 650 (bottom) kDa chitosan using a templated (dashed lines) or

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• function of both incubation time and temperature. For example, the control-lipo vesicles increased to 125 nm diameter after 24 or 72 h incubation at 37 °C. We noted a transition from a unimodal size distribution of liposomes in PBS buffer to a multimodal size distribution after extended incubation with 10

• and 50 nm pore sizes to produce a narrow size distribution of LUVs. Characterization of liposomal formulations Liposomes were characterized for size and zeta potential using Zetasizer Nano ZS. For size measurements the liposomal suspension was diluted 1:10 with PBS. For zeta potential measurements