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Search for "steel" in Full Text gives 213 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

  • Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
  • Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
  • Somendra Singh Parihar and
  • Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

Graphical Abstract
  • and obtained 17% and 14% reduction in coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD), respectively [24]. Berman et al. studied the friction and wear characteristics of 440C steel test pairs lubricated with graphene and found a remarkable reduction in COF (from ca. 1 to ca. 0.15) and wear
  • sonicator (Sonics, 500 W). Tribological testing The tribological properties of nanolubricants were studied using a four-ball tester (Magnum Engineers, Bengaluru, India). The test balls are made of chrome steel alloy having a diameter of 12.7 mm according to ANSI standard. The measurements were performed
  • concentrations. Variation of COF over time for base oil and nanolubricant with N-rGO (3 mg/L). Wear scar diameter (WSD) of stainless steel balls lubricated with (a) base oil and (b) N-rGO nanolubricant (3 mg/L). Comparison of the measured temperature of base oil and N-rGO (3 mg/L) nanolubricant as a function of
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Published 17 Jul 2017

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

  • Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

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  • ) surface and a poly(4-ethynyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) surface, respectively. Various substrates were successfully verified for the coating and patterning modifications: metal (silver, titanium, stainless steel), polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), silicon, glass, poly(dimethylsiloxane
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Published 04 Jul 2017

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

  • Jin Zhang,
  • Yibing Cai,
  • Xuebin Hou,
  • Xiaofei Song,
  • Pengfei Lv,
  • Huimin Zhou and
  • Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

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  • /w) of 2.25, 1.9 and 1.55 were added slowly under stirring for 12 h to obtain a microemulsion. Preparation of porous TiO2 nanofibers The prepared microemulsion was filled in a 30 mL syringe with a blunt-end stainless steel needle, which had an inside diameter of 0.3 mm. Then the microemulsion was
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Published 22 Jun 2017

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

  • Yuriy Y. Smolin,
  • Masoud Soroush and
  • Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

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  • inert carrier to help transport the oxidant and as a diluent to help control polymerization reactions. The monomer and oxidant are delivered in separate quarter-inch stainless-steel tubes to isolate the reactants prior to entering the reaction chamber and minimize polymerization and blockage in the gas
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Published 16 Jun 2017

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

  • Benjamin Baumgärtner,
  • Hendrik Möller,
  • Thomas Neumann and
  • Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

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  • attractive substrate. However, an exhaustive coating can be easily achieved for fibers consisting of silicon carbide, aramid, steel, glass and basalt (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10). Conclusion A site-selective biomimetic silica deposition was accomplished via immobilization of linear polyamines
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Published 26 May 2017

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

  • Julia Patzsch,
  • Deepu J. Babu and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

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  • fibres (1) In a similar manner as described in [38], electrospinning was performed in a homebuilt apparatus. Polystyrene (PS) fibres were electrospun from a 16 wt % PS THF/DMF 3:2 solution. After aging the spinning solution overnight, it was loaded into a glass syringe equipped with a stainless-steel
  • the range 0–3 bar, 0–30 bar and 0–100 bar with an accuracy of 0.05% of the maximum pressure rating. The all stainless steel construction was made from Swagelok® tubes and fittings. A water bath was used for maintaining isothermal conditions and K-type thermocouples monitored the gas temperature in the
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Published 24 May 2017

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

  • Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
  • Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
  • Abdullah Albeladi,
  • Imed Ghiloufi and
  • Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

Graphical Abstract
  • the product and a glass frit (to increase the mass of Si in the product). The water-cooled stainless steel crucible is set just under the coupling zone of the plasma torches. During the experiments reported here, the current intensity is 100 A and the voltage is 220 V. In this step an inert gas (argon
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Published 11 May 2017

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO2 detection

  • F. Villani,
  • C. Schiattarella,
  • T. Polichetti,
  • R. Di Capua,
  • F. Loffredo,
  • B. Alfano,
  • M. L. Miglietta,
  • E. Massera,
  • L. Verdoliva and
  • G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

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  • 15 min for removing the residual solvent. Sensing analysis Tests for sensing measurements upon NO2 have been performed in the gas sensor characterization system (GSCS, Kenosistec equipment) equipped with a stainless steel chamber placed in a thermostatic box, keeping constant the temperature (T = 22
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Published 09 May 2017

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

  • Chiara Schiattarella,
  • Sten Vollebregt,
  • Tiziana Polichetti,
  • Brigida Alfano,
  • Ettore Massera,
  • Maria Lucia Miglietta,
  • Girolamo Di Francia and
  • Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

Graphical Abstract
  • different points of the sensing strips by means of Renishaw InVia Reflex spectrometer, at λ = 514 nm and 20 mW incident laser power, in backscattering configuration. The chemiresistors have been tested in a Gas Sensor Characterization System (GSCS, Kenosistec equipment) consisting of a stainless steel
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Published 08 May 2017

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

  • Brett B. Lewis,
  • Robert Winkler,
  • Xiahan Sang,
  • Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
  • Michael G. Stanford,
  • Harald Plank,
  • Raymond R. Unocic,
  • Jason D. Fowlkes and
  • Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

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  • sufficient to initiate carbon removal without inducing significant thermal drift and/or laser chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Laser pulses are delivered to the sample with an optical working distance of 9 mm using a multi-mode 100 µm diameter fiber optic cable housed within a stainless steel shaft with
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Published 07 Apr 2017

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

  • Priya Moni,
  • Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
  • Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

Graphical Abstract
  • ], copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. SEM images of iCVD pEGDA on micro-trenches with aspect ratios of a) 1.4 b) 3.5, c) 5.5 and d) 8.4. e) Cross-sectional SEM of 25 µm stainless-steel wire with 16 µm fluoropolymer coating formed via iCVD. f) iCVD pDMAMS on nylon fiber ion beam ablated to reveal
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Published 28 Mar 2017

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe2O3 anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

  • Guoliang Gao,
  • Yan Jin,
  • Qun Zeng,
  • Deyu Wang and
  • Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

Graphical Abstract
  • aforementioned solution was added to 16.67 mL aqueous solution of 2 mg/mL short carboxyl of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT Aladdin Corp). The mixture was magnetically stirred for 12 h. Finally, the mixture was transferred into teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, and kept at 150 °C for 24 h. The
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Published 17 Mar 2017

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

  • Zhenbo Wang and
  • Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

Graphical Abstract
  • the diffusion activation enthalpy is slightly lower than that that of GB diffusion. In addition, the Cr-diffusion depth values were determined in GNS low carbon steel samples chromized in a packed powder mixture of Cr–NH4Cl–Al2O3, as shown in Figure 2 [32]. One can see that the diffusion depth into
  • observed in a GNS H13 steel sample, in which a significantly increased Cr-diffusion depth with respect to that in the CG sample was achieved at chromizing temperatures below 600 °C, and the depth even decreased with increasing temperatures above 600 °C [33]. Meanwhile, it was noticed that an isothermal
  • preannealing might decrease the Cr-diffusion depth. For example, the pre-annealing at 400 °C decreased the Cr-diffusion depth values to ≈60% of the as-prepared GNS low carbon steel (also see Figure 2). Since the surface Cr concentration is approximately constant during chromizing, the apparent diffusivity in
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Published 03 Mar 2017

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO2 nanoparticles on a Si substrate

  • Urmas Joost,
  • Andris Šutka,
  • Meeri Visnapuu,
  • Aile Tamm,
  • Meeri Lembinen,
  • Mikk Antsov,
  • Kathriin Utt,
  • Krisjanis Smits,
  • Ergo Nõmmiste and
  • Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

Graphical Abstract
  • mode was utilized in order to provide an optimal performance. OTESPA AFM tips (manufactured by Bruker) were used. To measure thickness of films, they were scratched with stainless steel tweezers and the step height of the scratch was measured. To ensure that only the film was scratched away (and not
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Published 24 Jan 2017

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

  • Natalie Frese,
  • Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
  • Christof Neumann,
  • Amanda Bowers,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

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  • spectra are different for the two types of foams. We discuss the foams assuming a 3D-graphene-type network with open cavities forming the micropearl structures. Experimental Hydrothermal reactor Two stainless steel autoclaves, each with a volume of 130 mL, were used for these studies; a setup which is
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Published 27 Dec 2016

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x-based cathode materials

  • Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
  • Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
  • Oleg A. Brylev,
  • Dmitry I. Petukhov and
  • Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

Graphical Abstract
  • stainless steel net (0.05 mm thick). After pressing, the electrodes were dried in vacuum (0.5–1.0 mbar) at 120 °C for 8 h. The active electrode, counter electrode (Li) and reference electrode (Li) were placed in a hermetic Teflon cell using a porous polypropylene separator. 1 M LiPF6 solution in ethylene
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Published 09 Dec 2016

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

  • Shigeaki Kobayashi,
  • Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
  • Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

Graphical Abstract
  • nanocrystalline and ordinary polycrystalline materials [24][25]. More recently, Raabe et al. [27][28] proposed grain boundary segregation engineering for improvement of material properties, such as the stabilization of grains in nanocrystalline steel by carbon and solute element segregation. Kalidindi et al. [29
  • the corresponding fractal trace of MRBC determined for a SUS316L austenitic stainless steel specimens [122]. The whole observed area is covered by the square box net with a given unit size, η. Figure 11 shows the double-logarithm plots of the number of boxes N(η) for complete coverage of the MRBC and
  • steel specimens is of fractal nature. The fractal dimensions DR evaluated by the slope of the log N(η) versus log η were found to change systematically from 1.07 to 1.67 for the studied SUS316L steel specimens. Namely, the fractal dimensions show a reasonable correlation with the total length of random
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Published 25 Nov 2016

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

  • Aleksey A. Egorov,
  • Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
  • Anton V. Mironov,
  • Vladimir S. Komlev,
  • Vladimir K. Popov and
  • Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

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  • KBr powder followed by compacting into a thin pellet in a stainless steel die with a 1 cm inner diameter. FTIR data were recorded over the range of 4000–400 cm−1 with 128 scans. As described in [17] the compressive strength of the samples was evaluated in accordance with the ISO standard 83.100
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Published 21 Nov 2016

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

  • Guillaume Rioland,
  • Patrick Dutournié,
  • Delphine Faye,
  • T. Jean Daou and
  • Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

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  • -lined stainless-steel autoclaves and heated at 150 °C for 2 days. After synthesis the product was filtered, washed with deionized water several times and dried overnight at 100 °C. The organic compounds were finally removed by calcination at 550 °C for 8 h in air (ramp at 1 °C·min−1). Methylcellulose
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Published 18 Nov 2016

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

  • Suneel Kumar,
  • Rahul Sharma,
  • Vipul Sharma,
  • Gurunarayanan Harith,
  • Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
  • Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

Graphical Abstract
  • dropwise under vigorous stirring. This was followed by ultrasonic treatment of the solution for 30 min for homogenization. Then, this homogenous solution was transferred to a 100 mL teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, sealed tightly and maintained at 180 °C for 12 h. White precipitates of ZnO NR were
  • . Finally, Cd(OOCCH3)2·2H2O (0.2 M) and 4 mL of thioglycolic acid (0.2 M) was added into 40 mL of above solution under vigorous stirring. Subsequently, this homogenous suspension was transferred to 50 mL teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and kept at 140 °C for 48 h. After the completion of reaction
  • achieved, the suspension is transferred to teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and kept at 120 °C for 24 h. The desired product was obtained after washing with water and dried at 60 °C. Based on the molar ratio of the precursors used in the synthesis, the ratio of CdS to ZnO is expected to be 1:1 while
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Published 11 Nov 2016

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

  • Mehrdad Taheran,
  • Mitra Naghdi,
  • Satinder K. Brar,
  • Emile Knystautas,
  • Mausam Verma,
  • Rao. Y. Surampalli and
  • Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

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  • micropollutants was studied on the sample with the highest surface area (NFM-1.5%). Adsorption test was performed on a 15 × 15 cm2 stainless steel (SS-316) membrane test module connected to a peristaltic pump. A solution with CTC concentration of 200 ppb in milli-Q water was pumped at a flux of 3 mL/cm2·h into
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Published 01 Nov 2016

The effect of dry shear aligning of nanotube thin films on the photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube–silicon solar cells

  • Benedikt W. Stolz,
  • Daniel D. Tune and
  • Benjamin S. Flavel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1486–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.141

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  • , <100>, with a 100 nm thermal oxide) by photolithography and defined circular active areas (0.08 cm2) in which the SiO2 was removed by buffered oxide etch. The films were deposited as described above and the cells were completed with GaIn eutectic back electrodes and mounted on steel support plates
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Published 20 Oct 2016

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

  • Bilel Chouchene,
  • Tahar Ben Chaabane,
  • Lavinia Balan,
  • Emilien Girot,
  • Kevin Mozet,
  • Ghouti Medjahdi and
  • Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

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  • Structural and optical characterizations of Ce-doped ZnO rods Ce-doped ZnO rods have been synthesized by a solvothermal method in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave at 160 °C for 24 h using Zn(OAc)2 and Ce2(SO4)3 as starting reagents (Scheme 1). Figure 1a shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of
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Published 26 Sep 2016

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

  • Anika C. Juhl,
  • Artur Schneider,
  • Boris Ufer,
  • Torsten Brezesinski,
  • Jürgen Janek and
  • Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

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  • , evacuated to a pressure of 1.1∙10−4 bar and heated to 125 °C for 12 h at this pressure. Melt impregnation under pressure: HCS and sulfur were ground together in distinct weight ratios and placed in a Teflon lined steel autoclave filled to 90% capacity with water. The autoclave was sealed and the sample was
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Published 30 Aug 2016

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

  • Rasheed Atif and
  • Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

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  • held together in the form of ropes (aggregated nanotubes) [2]. The commercially available SWNT ropes usually have average diameters in the range of 10–20 nm and lengths of several micrometers [35]. These ropes have strengths of about 13–52 GPa (more than steel by a factor of 10) and tensile moduli of
  • about 1 TPa (more than steel by factor of 5) [2]. MWNTs comprise a number of concentric graphene cylinders, which is known as “Russian doll” structure. There are van der Waals forces between adjacent graphene layers [40]. MWNTs have diameters and lengths in the ranges of 10–20 nm and of 10–50 μm
  • was added and the same process was repeated. The mixture was poured into a steel mold [55]. Degassing was carried out for 20 min under vacuum followed by curing for 4 h at 122 °C [58]. Meincke et al. also used a twin screw extruder to mix CVD-MWNTs, polyamide-6, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
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Published 12 Aug 2016
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