Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• Silver (nano) that insufficient data on AgNP physicochemical properties and toxicology in cosmetics hinder the health hazards caused by AgNPs [5]. Earlier, the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) raised questions on how different forms of Ag used in consumer and

• patients that were overexposed to Ag via different routes [16][17][18][19][20]. In these patients, Ag granules were detected in the connective tissue of the dermis [18][20]. In fact, some Ag-containing drugs were retracted from clinical use due to the observed generalized argyria after long-term use or

• drug abuse [21]. Animal experiments demonstrated Ag accumulation in the liver, kidneys, brain, and testis after oral exposure to AgNPs; however, the chemical form of Ag remained undefined in these cases [22]. In media of high ionic strength and low pH the AgNPs aggregate and/or dissolve [23]. Under

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• the growth of rod-like structures, the longitudinal SPR of which might contribute to the advent of a peak at wavelengths shorter than 401 nm. When the reaction approached 20 min, the Ag nanorods further grew in length, and peak intensities continued to rise and become sharp followed by a gradual

• reaction temperature of 160 °C, the AgNO3/PVP ratio has also great effect on the morphology of AgNWs [53]. In our case, a 1:1 ratio of AgNO3/PVP started the growth of Ag nanoparticles, as can be seen in the SEM image in Figure 4a. Adding more PVP to the reaction promotes the formation of AgNWs. A AgNO3/PVP

• sheet resistance values if all Ag nanowires in the network are highly connected (at high coverage) [36]. The histogram in Figure 4d shows that some nanowires grow up to 5 µm in length. The aspect ratio calculated turns out to be more than 45. The length of silver nanowires can be controlled

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• of the islands is found. Similar results are obtained for a Ag(111) surface, as shown in part 2 of Supporting Information File 1. The absence of favorable anchoring sites, similar to kinks in the herringbone reconstruction, on Ag(111) suggests that not only the adsorbed solvent molecules are

• assembly formation. Part 1 describes the Au(111) surface with a significant presence of solvent. Part 2 presents a comparison between HV-ESD and TE for the Ag(111) surface. Part 3 shows defect formation after HV-ESD on a KBr surface. Supporting Information File 46: Additional experimental data Funding

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• additives to fabricate uniform Ag nanoparticles. These include basic aminoacids (such as ʟ-lysine or ʟ-arginine) and soluble starch or other additives, which act as reducing and protecting agents, respectively [22]. In our approach, the monolayer of silver nanoparticles is formed by the reduction of silver

• process. All substrates were characterized before the stability tests and revealed the formation of a reproducible monolayer of nanoparticles on the substrate, which is in line with the previously reported procedure. Typically, the Ag nanoparticles synthesized by the microwave-assisted synthesis approach

• can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. The observed band structure clearly identifies bands at 1394, 1440, and 1580 cm−1 which are indicative of 4,4’-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB), which is formed by an oxidative transformation of 4-ATP on Ag nanoparticle surfaces at higher laser power

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• discovery of the SERS effect in 1974 [27], most of the research is focused on biomolecules and medical applications [28][29]. The SERS effect of water has been studied since 1980. There are reports on the SERS effect of water in aqueous solutions of electrolytes placed between metal electrodes (Ag, Au, Cu

• molecules interacting directly with the surface of AgNPs was estimated based on the size and shape of AgNPs in the AgNPs blue sample, which was determined by TEM (Figure 1), and on the Ag concentration in the dispersion (17.96 µg/mL), which was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). It

• simultaneously an analyte and it is in a much higher concentration than the substrate itself. However, a stronger SERS effect could be induced by the water molecules in the nearest vicinity of the Ag surface. Therefore, the number of water molecules directly interacting with AgNPs was estimated and used to

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• 100 (X-ray photoelectron diffraction) or 150 (monochromatized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) hemispherical analyzers (SPECS), and a four-grid LEED optics (SpectaLEED, Omicron, Germany). The PES binding energy scale is calibrated to reproduce the binding energies of Cu 2p3/2 (932.6 eV), Ag 3d5/2

• multiplet structure arising from final-state effects due to the overlap of Co 2p and Co 3d wave functions. The shape of satellite structures above 780 eV for the reduced Co ion in CoPc is discussed for the CoPc/Ag interface in [58]. Since satellite features in Figure 4c appear in the same energy range as

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• –Pt nanoparticles with adjustable LSPR wavelength range. In this work, the effects of Ag+ and K2PtCl4 on the deposition of Pt on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs) were investigated. A fast, precise, and controlled synthesis of dumbbell-like Pt-coated AuNRs (Au@Pt NRs) under mild conditions is

• significant part of the photon energy is absorbed through LSPR [1][2]. The LSPR effect excites the free conduction band electrons and energy is released in the form of heat through nonradiative decay [3][4]. Au, Ag, Pt, and other noble metal nanoparticles all exhibit an obvious LSPR effect and strong spectral

• al. synthesized bimetal noncompact dendritic Pt shell-decorated AuNRs with spatial control of the Pt growth [26]. Grzelczak et al. developed two different deposition modes of Pt on the surface of AuNRs by removing or keeping the Ag+ ions used in the formation of AuNRs [27]. However, these studies

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• prominent {111} facets. In addition to prioritizing the characterization we have also discussed the importance of quantifying AgNPs and silver ion content (Ag+) and their different mechanisms at the chemical, biological, pharmacological, and toxicological levels. The mechanism of action of AgNPs against

• various bacteria and viruses including the SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed in order to understand its effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent with therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity. Further, there is the need to characterize AgNPs and quantify the content of free Ag+ for the implementation of new systematic

• {111} facets were found to be responsible for the antibacterial activity of AgNPs, a fact that was confirmed by a death study whose kinetics were supported by the arrangement of Ag-resistant genes in the genome of the test organism [46]. Conversely, AgNPs with different sizes exhibit different

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• ]. Compared to the adsorption energy, the ionic interaction within the layer is typically stronger such that structural deformations are weak [25]. However, it was demonstrated that a NaCl adlayer on Ag(100), besides strongly reducing the overall work function, can create clearly modulated dipole moment

• densities corresponding to the registry of the NaCl layer in respect to the substrate [26][27]. But also the formation of a weak structural deformation observed as superstructure has been reported for (100) oriented surfaces, for example, for KCl and NaCl on Ag(100) [28][29] or KBr on Cu(100) [30]. In

• the compensated bias voltage of −430 mV, presenting several holes and fuzzy edges. Remarkably, the growth of the islands mainly occurs at the middle of the Ir terraces, rather than at step edges as observed, for example, for NaCl on Ag(111) [33] or graphene (GR) on Ir(111) [38][39]. Also, the

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• [42]. With the addition of Ag nanoparticles to a dispersion of SnO2/rGO, the working temperature was dropped from 55 °C to room temperature in the gas sensing of NO2 [43]. (For further examples and comparison with other gas sensors see Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1.) The ternary Ni@rGO/WO3

• oxidation and thermal reduction process using natural graphite (type KFL 99.5 from AMG Mining AG, former Kropfmühl AG, Passau, Germany) as starting material. Graphite was oxidized according to [67]. Reduction of the graphite oxide was performed at 400 °C. Before using rGO in the nanoparticle synthesis, it

• placed in a tube furnace with a temperature regulator. To enhance electrical conductivity and to improve contact Ag electrodes were deposited on parallel sides of the pellets. The measurement procedure was carried out for NO2 and acetone in a stationary regime in a precisely controlled atmosphere (10 ppm

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• without any changes, aside from oxidation. Here we demonstrate that iron as well as cobalt oxide structures on top of a cross-linked SAM on Ag/mica do change more significantly. The Fe(NO3)3 solution used for etching of the Ag layer also dissolves the cobalt oxide structures and causes dissolution and

• satisfying results [4][9]. However, for certain precursors, EBID yields clean deposits when carried out under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. It was shown that in UHV, for some precursors, an autocatalytic growth (AG) process occurs already at room temperature, which leads, upon further precursor dosage

• , to the dissociation of the precursor molecules on top of the initial EBID deposit. In the case of Fe(CO)5 this AG process results in the formation of deposits consisting of pure iron [10]. A second method from the FEBIP family, namely electron beam-induced surface activation (EBISA), also largely

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• aggregation of NPs was observed in the RPMI medium over the exposure time (24 h). A dose-dependent relationship between PBMC uptake and Ag concentration was detected for both AgNP and AgNO3 treatment. There was approximately a two-fold increase in cellular Ag uptake in the AgNO3 vs the NP treatment

• . Cytotoxicity, using LDH and MTS assays and based on exposure concentrations was not significantly different when comparing NPs and Ag ions. Based on differential uptake, AgNPs were more toxic after normalizing toxicity to the amount of cellular Ag uptake. Our data highlights the importance of correct synthesis

• colonization on different surfaces, such as catheters and prostheses [13][14], which raises concern about Ag release in the body and their potential negative impact on human health. For instance, the silver concentration in the blood of people without any occupational or medicinal exposure is less than 1 µg·L

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• iodides [48]. For the triazolium salt the two alkylation reactions were carried out together in a one-pot synthesis [36]. The resulting salts were then reacted with silver oxide to generate the respective Ag(I) NHC complexes. Upon the addition of 1 equiv of gold precursor Au(SMe2)Cl in situ, a

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• measurement of I–V characteristics [21]. The bias voltage applied between pipette and bath electrode was approximately 100 mV. Both electrodes were non-polarizable (Ag/AgCl). For SICM topography measurements the nanopipette approached the surface until the setpoint of 0.98 nA (corresponding to an ion current

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• ), graphene oxide, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) [24][25][26], quantum dots, and superparamagnetic particles [27] have been reported to have antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans [28] and Xanthomonas perforans, antifungal properties against Fusarium oxysporum [27] and Fusarium graminearum [29

• triethoxycaprylylsilane: 130 nm, size of non-functionalized nanoparticles: 100 nm). Conversely, mice exposed to 100 mg/mL of Ag NM (<20 nm) exhibited no adverse effects on the lungs [38]. Also, anatase TiO2 NM was reported to induce pulmonary inflammation in mice models [39]. Kim et al. reported that male Sprague-Dawley

• uptake of carbon black and single-walled nanotubes caused impairment in the locomotor function of these flies. Demir et al. [42] reported that Ag NPs (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mM) induced genotoxicity in the wing spot assay of fruit flies via somatic recombination. Carmona et al. [43] reported cytotoxic effects

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• main materials utilized on those P-TENGs were commercial tissue paper and silver nanowires (Ag NWs), which were key to their feasibility. The P-TENGs were built with two conductive paper pieces as the electrodes, which were sandwiched between two commercial tissue paper pieces. Three basic operation

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• methods. The first category consists of techniques that use chemical reagents to reduce Ag cations into zero-charged Ag atoms, which then mount on top of the nuclei, serving as templates for crystal growth into particles at the nanoscale [138][139]. This set of techniques is also known as the “chemical

• ], microalgae [189][190][191][192][193], enzymes [194][195][196], saccharides [197][198][199][200][201], and vitamins [202][203][204] to synthesize Ag nanostructures with controlled size and morphology. These methods can also be referred to as a subcategory of green synthesis. Numerous works in the literature

• rate, and narrow size distribution can be achieved by this method [108]. The process uses a laser beam at high energy to ablate pure Ag from which the separated AgNPs, either in liquid or vapor form, are attained and confined in the surrounding ambient [109]. The formation of nanoparticles by laser

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• fluorescence micrographs. Funding This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes” Frankfurt, DFG grant GO 918/14-1 to AG, DFG grant HA 2906/9-1 to NH, and DFG grant RH 134/1-1 to DR.

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• studies, Al2O3 films on FTO were exposed, at various time intervals and at room temperature, to 1 M NaOH, 1 M H2SO4, and buffered solution (pH 7.2). Electrochemical experiments were carried out in a single-compartment three-electrode cell using a Zahner workstation. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl (3

• 7.2). Chronoamperometric measurements were performed in buffered solution (pH 7.2) at −1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The morphology of the films was characterized ex situ, under ambient conditions, by atomic force microscopy (AFM, Dimension Icon, Bruker, USA) in a semicontact (tapping) mode. A silicon

• polarization at −1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl, the reduction of FTO to tin took place (Equation 1). No Sn was found when the FTO layers were protected by alumina films (Figure 9). Conclusion ALD Al2O3 films, already at a thickness of 5 nm, exhibited very good blocking of the electron transport from solid electrodes (FTO

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• , the electron–hole recombination can be inhibited by loading metals, such as Ni [12], V, Fe [13], Ag [14], and Cu–Ni [15], on the TiO2 surface, which accelerates the formation of hydroxyl radicals and, consequently, improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. In contrast, the doping of TiO2 with

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• PTCDA from Cu(111). For PTCDA on Ag(111) and Au(111) [39], it has been shown that FL can only be observed from the second and third molecular layer onward. The excitation of the first layers is completely quenched by the metal substrates as described above. In UPS experiments, a partial filling of the

• LUMO of PTCDA was found on Ag(111), but not on Au(111) [33]. Thus, the quenching on Ag(111) is directly understood by the static charge transfer seen in UPS. The quenching on Au(111), not as evident from UPS, demonstrates the sensitivity of FL spectroscopy to an overlap of wave functions of excited

• states. Accordingly, the same behavior as on Ag(111) can be expected on Cu(111), where a filling of the LUMO has been found, too [33]. In addition, for multilayer PTCDA films we can compare the first, interfacial PTCDA layer with a hBN layer regarding their abilities to decouple the next PTCDA layer from

Piezoelectric sensor based on graphene-doped PVDF nanofibers for sign language translation

• Shuai Yang,
• Xiaojing Cui,
• Rui Guo,
• Zhiyi Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Hulin Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1655–1662, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.148

• sensing. Results and Discussion The structural design of the self-powered PES based on GR-doped PVDF nanofibers is shown in Figure 1a. The cross section of the self-powered PES shows three parts, namely the GR-doped PVDF piezoelectric layer in the center, the electrode layer of Ti3C2 MXene and Ag NWs on

• is added under stirring to yield the spinning solution for electrospinning. After preparation of the fibers, an aqueous solution of Ti3C2 MXene and Ag NWs is sprayed on both sides of the material and then dried. Finally, the nanowire membrane is covered on both sides with PDMS to obtain the

• piezoelectric sensor. Ti3C2 MXene and Ag NWs maintain the good conductivity of the electrode and avoid possible short-circuit problems occurring after magnetron sputtering. Also, a stable flexibility of the structure is maintained. GR is added with six different mass fractions, that is, 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• partially KBr-covered Ag(111) surfaces [24] as well as for cyanoporphyrin molecules on KBr-covered Cu(111) surfaces [26]. Here, the understanding of molecular adsorption on insulating thin films is extended by studying an insulator-on-semiconductor system, namely CaF2 thin films grown on Si(111) surfaces

• in the present experiments. On the CaF1 interface layer, a double-lobe feature (see also Figure 1b) is the prevalently observed shape of PTCDA, similar to the coffee bean-like shape measured by STM on KCl(001)/Ag(001) [21] or on KBr(001)/InSb(001) [23] thin films. A similar pattern was also observed

• in STM imaging of PTCDA/Ag(111) with an s-tip at a bias between −0.4 and −0.5 V [12] and explained by strong domination of the LUMO. In contrast, imaging at larger tip–sample distance and the according loss of sensitivity to intramolecular features was given as an explanation for the prevalently

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, TX 78363, USA 10.3762/bjnano.11.143 Abstract The oxidation of Au/Ag alloy thin films using radio-frequency oxygen plasma was studied in this work. It was demonstrated that there is a phase separation occurring between

• a few have reported on the oxidation of silver alloys [15][20][21]. Gao et al. investigated the oxidation of Ag/Cu alloy by exposure to atomic oxygen. They demonstrated that the resistance of silver against corrosion by atomic oxygen was improved due to the presence of copper in the alloy [21]. From

• a fundamental point of view, gold/silver is a peculiar model system to study corrosion processes since gold is a noble metal. Interestingly, by using different types of Au/Ag nanoparticles, Lewis et al. showed how one can control and engineer, at the nanometer scale, the final shape and structure of

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• with a monoclinic structure and that crystallinity of the nanoparticles was improved after adding CTAB. Raman studies revealed the presence of peaks related to Ag–S bonds (Ag modes) and the longitudinal optical phonon 2LO mode. Scanning electron microscopy investigations confirmed the production of

• positioned at the bottom of a glass vessel filled with Tu solution mixed with the CTAB solution. The height of the solution was 2 mm above the Ag target. The laser beam was focused on the Ag pellet by using a converging lens of 10 cm focal length. The laser fluence used for ablation was 3.9 J·cm−2·per pulse

• vibration and silver material is expelled from the target surface in the form of a plasma plum. Thus, silver ions Ag+ and sulfur ions S2− are produced from silver target and thiourea solution, respectively. They form Ag2S NPs according to the following chemical reaction [21]: Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns