Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• nanostructures exhibit a strong absorbance of light over a broad spectrum, which is of potential use in novel tumor therapy [19]. In addition, in the previous year, a profound interest was focused on the superconductivity of various TiO structures [20][21]. According to those, rock-salt TiO is a type-II

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• . At constant intervals of time, samples were taken from the suspension and centrifuged. Then the absorbance of the solution was analyzed at a wavelength of 664 nm. The photocatalytic efficiency of Bi2WO6 was taken calculated as follows: η(%) = (A0 – A)/A0·100%, where A0 and A are the absorbance of MB

• (red) of the SAED pattern, overlaid by a standard PDF card; (d) Absorbance and degradation efficiency as a function of irradiation time, the inset is a photograph of the degradation experiment. Effects of electron-beam irradiation on an individual Bi2WO6 nanoflake observed by using HRTEM. (a–e

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• –vis spectra of RhB in the degradation process by BTD. It can be seen that with the increase of illumination time, the absorbance intensity decreases and the peak shifts toward shorter wavelength (blue shift). This is mainly due to de-ethylation of RhB, accompanied by the breakage of aromatic groups

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• solution (measured by means of the absorbance at a wavelength of 357 nm). The blank experiment showed that the degradation rate of TC solution under visible-light irradiation is very low, indicating that the self-degradation of TC is negligible (Figure 6a). Pure CBO has a poor photocatalytic activity

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• centrifuged before this process began. The supernatant was diluted with an equal amount of deionized water, then taken out for the measurement of absorbance (A0) at 554 nm by UV–vis spectroscopy. Every 20 min the sampling process was repeated, and the absorbance was determined. The degradation rate (DR) was

• test tube. The suspension was stirred in darkness for 30 min before the initial absorbance was measured. The degradation rate was calculated after 2 h of exposure to sunlight. The design and results are listed in Table 1. Characterization of photocatalysts The XRD patterns of ZnO and CZO-4 were

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• the solution (20 μL) was transferred to a 2 mL Eppendorf tube containing water (1.58 mL) and FC reagent (100 μL). Then, 17 wt % sodium carbonate solution (300 μL) was added, and the mixture was vortexed for 140 s and kept in the dark for 1.5 h. Absorbance was measured using a Specord 250Plus UV

• mL Eppendorf tube containing chitosan solution (0.2 mL), and the mixture was vigorously vortexed for 1 min and stored in the dark for 30 min. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 517 nm against ethanol using the same spectrometer as above. A mixture of 0.1 mM DPPH (0.6 mL and ethanol (1.4

• mL) served as a control. DPPH inhibition was determined as follows: where A0 and A1 are the absorbance of the control and the sample, respectively. The results from the DPPH assay were expressed as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), which is the amount of substance required to decrease

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• directly used to measure the output power, and the other is used to measure the output power after passing through the SA. Figure 2d gives the nonlinear transmission curve of the FONP SA. It can be seen that the saturation absorption intensity, modulation depth, and nonsaturable absorbance are about 12 MW

• FONP powder were measured by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 3d. From these results, 92% absorbance at 1560 nm can be observed. In Figure 4a–c, the microstructure of the FONP SA is confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the 4, 3 and 1 µm scale, respectively. It can be clearly

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• exert its antiviral activity from the outside of the cell. Thus, the addition of FluPep to cells in culture prevents infection by influenza viruses, as does intranasal delivery of the peptide in a murine model of human influenza [15]. Noble-metal nanoparticles possess a strong plasmon absorbance, which

• allows for the detection at very low levels, using a range of approaches, from absorbance [17][18] to photothermal microscopy [19] and various extensions of the latter [20][21]. Noble-metal nanoparticles can be passivated and functionalised with biomolecules such that they possess the biological

• nanoparticles is at 520 nm. When gold nanoparticles are aggregated, their surface plasmons couple causing a red shift in their plasmon absorbance to approximately 650 nm. The aggregation parameter (AP) was defined as (A650nm − Aref 650nm)/(A520nm−Aref 520), where A650nm and A520nm are the absorbance of gold

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• AuNCs possess a sharper decrease in absorbance than that of larger ones, from shorter to longer wavelengths, as could be observed in previous work [38][39]. In essence, the large AuNCs produce absorption spectra that have higher absorption than that of the small core nanoclusters. The difference in the

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• was removed and the remaining MTT-formazan was dissolved in DMSO (Sigma, Switzerland). Absorbance was measured at 540 nm using a plate reader (Synergy HT, BioTek, Switzerland). Nanoparticle uptake PCL-, PLLA- and Au-NP uptake was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PCL- and PLLA

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• crystalline building blocks of silk. Nanoscale optical and structural properties of silk have been measured from 100 nm thick longitudinal slices of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution, the highest so far. Optical sub-wavelength resolution in hyperspectral mapping of absorbance and molecular orientation

• were carried out for comparison at IR wavelengths of 2–10 μm using synchrotron radiation. A reliable distinction of transmission changes by only 1–2% as the anisotropy of amide bands was obtained from nanometer-thin slices of silk. Keywords: absorbance; anisotropy; retardance; silk; Introduction

• orientation dependency of the birefringence Δn and dichroism Δκ, define the optical response of a material. The reflectance R is proportional to the real part, while the absorbance A corresponds to the imaginary part of . Recently, we demonstrated that the IR measurements of silk performed using three

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• nanocomposites. It can be clearly observed that the light absorbance decreases in the visible light range upon addition of CdIn2S4 content in CISCCN nanocomposites. The band gap (Eg) of g-C3N4, CCN and CdIn2S4 can be estimated by plotting (αhν)2 as a function of the photon energy (Figure 6b), with α being the

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• acid (TCA) in a glass tube covered by aluminum foil. Then, 0.5 mL of an enzyme (diluted tissue homogenate) was added to the mixture and kept in a water bath at 100 °C for 30 min. Afterward, the mixture was allowed to cool at room temperature and was centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min. The absorbance was

• mixed with a 0.04% DNTB buffer in a ratio of 1:9. Then, the absorbance was measured at 412 nm using a UV–vis spectrometer. The GSH level was determined using a calibration curve and was expressed in μM/mg. Glutathione S-transferase Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was calculated by a method

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• attachment of polymers to the composite. Figure 3 shows the FTIR absorbance spectra of WS2-NT and its composites. The absorption of the WS2-NTs was so weak that we are not sure that anything can be learned from such absorption. In the spectrum of WS2-NT-CM (and of its two composites), the strong peak at 570

• , suitable for targeted PTT. Schematic description for WS2-NT-CM nanocomposite preparation. TEM, HRTEM, and SEM images of (a–c) WS2-NT; (d–f) WS2-NT-CM; (g,h) WS2-NT-CM-PEI and (i) WS2-NT-CM-PAA. FTIR absorbance spectra of WS2-NT and its nanocomposite samples. TGA analysis data of WS2-NTs and its

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• information on the internal conversion (QYint) and the absorbance (Abs) of the studied material. QYint is defined as the ratio between photons emitted and photons absorbed by the material upon external excitation. The product of these two parameters gives the absolute quantum yield in percentage (QYab = QYint

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• above 10 Hz and below 10 Hz were 470 pF and 2.2 nF, respectively. The parameters related to filter and earthing modes were set as 470 nF and field, respectively. The prepared samples were observed using a TM3030 scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi). The absorbance and emissivity properties were

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• of the substrate. The pH value of 100% ethanol is 7.33, while the water has a pH value equal to 7. Therefore, we do not expect a significant increase in SERS intensity due to the reorientation of 4-MPBA that could be ascribed to a small change of pH value (see the charge transfer and absorbance in

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• expanded upon by Pyun et al. [27][28]. Our CdSe quantum dots had an average diameter of 2.4 nm as determined using the correlation of particle diameter with the wavelength of the low energy absorbance peak (λmax = 509 nm) [29]. The CdSe@CdS nanorods had an average length of 50 ± 10 nm and an average

• conducted to observe the dye degradation rate without catalyst present. The samples were irradiated with visible light and dye degradation was monitored using a UV–vis spectrometer to track the disappearance of the characteristic absorbance peak at 655 nm. Although both catalysts were stored in toluene

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As expected, the UV–vis spectra showed absorbance in the UVC and UVB regions and the potential role as UV stabilizers. In a second part, PBS composites were prepared with 5 wt % of LDH filler by melt blending and once again fully characterized (XRD, TGA

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• affect PNCs properties. The effects of the immersion height of the vibrating spear in the liquid were also investigated. The total liquid height was divided into five equal parts as shown in the inset of Figure 3a. Figure 3a shows the PL intensity (UV–vis absorbance at 400 nm) of four samples that were

• amount of water was increased, the intensity of the absorption peak at about 510 nm increased steadily (inset in Figure 6b). Compared with the excitonic absorption peak of Cs4PbBr6 PNCs, the product displayed only weak absorbance. Figure 6c demonstrates the PL emission spectra of the samples during the

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• absorbance spectra were measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was carried out on an Agilent 7890A instrument with both a thermal conductivity detector and a flame ionization detector and using helium as a carrier

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• embedded in solid PVA. This effect is proven when the AuNP–PVA is dissolved in water, releasing the nanoparticles, giving almost the same absorption band as the original dichroic solution (Figure 2b and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). The small difference in absorbance of 6 nm can be attributed

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• the samples. (a) TNAs, (b) NixCoyP/TNAs. (a) TEM and (b) HR-TEM images of the NixCoyP/TNAs. HAADF STEM image and EDS elemental maps of the NixCoyP/TNAs. High-resolution XPS spectra of (a) Ti 2p, (b) O 1s, (c) Ni 2p, (d) Co 2p and (e) P 2p of the NixCoyP/TNAs. (f) UV–vis diffuse reflection absorbance

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• quality with respect to SnO2 size. This behavior is sustained by the Eg mode extinction in the last sample. Optical and electrical properties Figure 5a shows UV–vis absorbance spectra of only F-doped and Zn/F co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. It is well known that the absorbance depends on factors such as the

• values. A clear optical behavior influence of the presence of carbon layers on tin dioxide can be observed for the SnO2@C and SnO2@SiO2@C nanostructured microspheres (C symbolizing here reduced graphene oxide, rGO) reported in [53], where the UV–vis spectra show a clear increase in absorbance (mostly in

• samples, yet in our case, the UV–vis absorption in this region seems to be considerably lower. Unfortunately, in the methods employed to extract the absorbance (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using BaSO4 reflectance standard in [53] vs direct absorption from ethanolic suspensions in our study), the

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• in the composite. Figure 7a depicts the FTIR spectra of HnMn′-Ca2Al/PP composites in absorbance mode. Here, all composites present the characteristic bands of PP: 2950, 2915, 2868, 2837, 1454, and 1375 cm−1. Some additional bands assigned to LDHs and guest anions are also observed after addition of