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Search for "low temperature" in Full Text gives 371 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO2 particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

  • Jong Tae Moon,
  • Seung Ki Lee and
  • Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

Graphical Abstract
  • (TiO2-400) calcined at a relatively low temperature (400 °C) had a large adsorption capacity in the range of monolayer adsorption (0.1 < P/P0 < 0.25), which indicated highly porous structures with a large BET surface area. However, the amount of monolayer adsorption of the TiO2 samples continuously
  • approximately −40, −23.8 and −24.9 mV nm for TiO2-350, TiO2-500, and TiO2-800, respectively. It means that the TiO2 sample calcined at low temperature (350 °C) should have a relatively large amount of surface OH groups. Once the calcination temperature is higher than a certain point (e.g., 500 °C), the zeta
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Published 08 Jun 2018

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

  • Boštjan Žener,
  • Lev Matoh,
  • Giorgio Carraro,
  • Bojan Miljević and
  • Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

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  • versatile, due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and low-temperature synthesis. The resulting product is a material with high homogeneity and controllable morphology [8][41][42]. During the sol–gel process, initial hydrolysis of the precursor (e.g., titanium tetrachloride, titanium alkoxides) is
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Published 04 Jun 2018

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO2(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

  • Huan Xing,
  • Wei Wen and
  • Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

Graphical Abstract
  • Kandiel et al. [25]. This band gap value is smaller than that of 3.2 eV for bulk anatase TiO2 [27]. Chakraborty et al. also reported that the absorption band edge of the pure TiO2(B) is located at a relatively longer wavelength compared to that of the pure anatase TiO2 [21]. The low temperature nitrogen
  • spectra were examined using a UV–vis near-infrared spectrometer (UV-3150, Shimadzu). The low temperature nitrogen sorption measurement was conducted at 77 K using a Nova 3000e (Quantachrome Instruments, USA) with Quantachrome V11.0 software. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) approach using adsorption data
  • Information Supporting Information File 100: Additional FESEM images, low-temperature N2 adsorption isotherms and photodegradation results to support the discussion. Acknowledgements We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51502065) and State Key
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Published 24 May 2018

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Julian López-Vidrier,
  • Keita Nomoto,
  • Michael Wahl,
  • Wolfgang Bock,
  • Tomáš Chlouba,
  • František Trojánek,
  • Sebastian Gutsch,
  • Margit Zacharias,
  • Dirk König,
  • Petr Malý and
  • Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

Graphical Abstract
  • , which allows for completely N-free silicon oxide. In this work, we investigate the properties of B- and P-incorporating Si NCs embedded in pure silicon oxide compared to silicon oxynitride by atom probe tomography (APT), low-temperature photoluminescence (PL), transient transmission (TT), and current
  • electron microscope. PL was measured using a LN2-cooled CCD camera attached to a single grating monochromator with excitation of a HeCd laser (325 nm line). Low-temperature PL spectra were measured from 5 to 300 K using a single-window continuous-flow liquid-He cryostat. TT-dynamics were measured in a
  • low-temperature PL measurements of successfully, electronically doped Si NCs: (i) an increase in the PL-intensity as soon as free carriers are frozen out, accompanied by (ii) a spectral redshift due to the circumstance that within the NC-size ensemble the largest NCs are more easily doped than the
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Published 18 May 2018

Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Sascha Sadewasser,
  • Nicoleta Nicoara and
  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1272–1281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.119

Graphical Abstract
  • approach (pp-KPFM) was used to measure the charge-carrier dynamics with a time resolution of 2 μs in pentacene-based OFETs [28][29]. Similarly, light-based pp-KPFM was used to measure a charge carrier lifetime in low-temperature grown GaAs of ≈1 ps, currently the best time-resolution that has been
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Published 24 Apr 2018

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

  • Alexei Khomenko,
  • Miroslav Zakharov,
  • Denis Boyko and
  • Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

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  • experience during sliding. These are usually denoted as thermally activated, stress-aided, processes. At low temperature the friction force may decrease with decreasing temperature. This is due to the fact that thermal excitations (thermally excited fluctuations) are necessary in order for the particle to
  • “find” configurations of large binding energy along the sliding path. As a result, at low temperature the interface will become more incommensurate, resulting in an interaction potential that exhibits a smaller energy corrugation along the sliding path and lower friction. Thus, we expect the friction
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Published 19 Apr 2018
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  • with a surface orientation defined by the substituents [20]. The self-assembly of manganese meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin on Cu(111) was studied using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to resolve molecular structures by Chen et al. [21]. A
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Published 17 Apr 2018

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

  • Nor Fazila Khairudin,
  • Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
  • Mehrnoush Khavarian and
  • Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

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  • . Rapid reactions occur between the active plasma species and catalyst precursors compared to the thermal decomposition technique. Therefore, this may encourage the rapid nucleation of the crystals under plasma treatment. The application of low temperature may result in slow crystal growth, which
  • contributes to the production of a catalyst with a small particle size or high metal dispersion. Furthermore, plasma treatment has been proven to show superb performance in surface treatment and modification. Moreover, this technique is able to efficiently decompose precursors at low temperature. Greater
  • on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the catalyst was of a good composition, given that the DRM process could be performed within the low temperature range of 430 °C to 470 °C. The catalyst was stable for up to 100.5 h without carbon deposition. García-Diéguez et al. [19] developed a Ni–Mg active metal
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Published 13 Apr 2018

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

  • Hana Krýsová,
  • Josef Krýsa and
  • Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

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  • . Without post-calcination at 500 °C, the photocurrent density is negligible. The photoresponse was similarly negligible for the deposition temperature of 300 °C (data not shown). Only after calcination at 500 °C will the low-temperature-grown films become photoactive, where the photocurrent onset was
  • ). These TiO2 films exhibit the photocurrent onset at around –0.3 V but there is no plateau at larger potentials. Instead, the photocurrent increases monotonically with the applied potential. The effect of post-calcination is opposite compared to the low-temperature films deposited at 150 °C (cf. Figure 1a
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Published 10 Apr 2018

Comparative study of sculptured metallic thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition at different temperatures

  • Susann Liedtke,
  • Christoph Grüner,
  • Jürgen W. Gerlach and
  • Bernd Rauschenbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 954–962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.89

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  • deposition geometry at a substrate temperature of 77 K and at elevated temperatures. All tilted columns deposited at 77 K substrate temperature develop as high aspect ratio columns and therefore show a similar overall morphology. It is found that in this low temperature regime growth is dominated by
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Published 22 Mar 2018

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO2 grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

  • Silvia Vangelista,
  • Rossella Piagge,
  • Satu Ek and
  • Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

Graphical Abstract
  • the preferential orientation of ceria [8][9][10][11]. Further, the specific conditions of the thermal treatment (i.e., high or low temperature in reactive (O2) or inert (N2) atmosphere) can influence the formation of defects in the crystalline structure, such as grain boundaries, the crystallite
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Published 15 Mar 2018

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

  • Elina A. Tastekova,
  • Alexander Y. Polyakov,
  • Anastasia E. Goldt,
  • Alexander V. Sidorov,
  • Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
  • Irina V. Sukhorukova,
  • Dmitry V. Shtansky,
  • Wolgang Grünert and
  • Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

Graphical Abstract
  • microstructure after 110 °C sintering while fresh crack formation was revealed. In Figure 6b the film is destroyed completely, and Ag particles hardly cover half of the glass slide surface. Such low temperature melting of nanocrystalline silver is typical and was also observed for different forms of highly
  • the colloid were deposited and dried one by one. The specific surface area of the samples was determined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption with an ATX-06 analyzer (KATAKON) by the five-point Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The optical absorbance spectra of the films were collected using a
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Published 14 Mar 2018

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

  • Mengyuan Zhang,
  • Jiaqian Qin,
  • Pengfei Yu,
  • Bing Zhang,
  • Mingzhen Ma,
  • Xinyu Zhang and
  • Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

Graphical Abstract
  • oxide to a p-type BiOX to form a p–n heterojunction is an effective method to optimize the photocatalytic activity (summarized in Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). By now, several works have been published in this area. In 2009, Zhang et al. reported a low-temperature route to prepare TiO2/BiOI
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Published 05 Mar 2018

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

  • Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
  • Syahidah Binti Afandi,
  • Mehrnoush Khavarian and
  • Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

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  • temperature window of 150–500 °C in a diesel engine as well as the low energy consumption and economy of NH3-SCR [9]. In the literature, abundant catalysts at low temperature have been explored such as transitional metals (Mn, Cu, Ce, Fe, Co, Mo) [10][11][12][13], novel metals (Pt, Pd) [14], and metal ion
  • -exchange zeolite catalysts [15]. The Mn-based catalyst is one of the most active metal oxide catalysts for high N2 selectivity at low temperature and is recognised by many researchers as a potential alternative for the common catalyst. Jin et al. [16] successfully used a Mn-based catalyst with the addition
  • the carbon-based catalysts for SCR at low temperature and compared it with commercial catalysts. A good example can be seen in Chuang et al. [18], where a comparative study was made between the preparation of AC-supported Cu catalysts through impregnation, the polyol process, and microwave-heated
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Published 27 Feb 2018

Perovskite-structured CaTiO3 coupled with g-C3N4 as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

  • Ashish Kumar,
  • Christian Schuerings,
  • Suneel Kumar,
  • Ajay Kumar and
  • Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

Graphical Abstract
  • successfully prepared by a facile low temperature mixing of g-C3N4 nanosheets and CT nanoflakes in a 1:1 ratio. The photocatalytic activity of the CTCN heterojunction photocatalyst was investigated by studying the degradation of an aqueous solution of RhB under UV, visible and sunlight irradiation conditions
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Published 21 Feb 2018

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H2FeRu3(CO)13 and comparison with HFeCo3(CO)12: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Ragesh Kumar T P,
  • Paul Weirich,
  • Lukas Hrachowina,
  • Marc Hanefeld,
  • Ragnar Bjornsson,
  • Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
  • Sven Barth,
  • D. Howard Fairbrother,
  • Michael Huth and
  • Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Graphical Abstract
  • ratio. Low temperature (≈213 K) surface science studies on thin films of H2FeRu3(CO)13 demonstrate that electron stimulated decomposition leads to significant CO desorption (average of 8–9 CO groups per molecule) to form partially decarbonylated intermediates. However, once formed these intermediates
  • sufficient stability towards autocatalytic dissociation. Ru3(CO)12 has been used for FEBID in an earlier report on low temperature substrates [60]; however, the composition of the decomposition product remains unknown and FEBID using a substrate at room temperature could not replicate the earlier results
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Published 14 Feb 2018

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

  • Mikhail F. Butman,
  • Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
  • Nikita S. Karasev,
  • Nataliya E. Kochkina,
  • Alexander V. Agafonov and
  • Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

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  • ] describes a low-temperature method for pillaring MM using a TiO2 sol produced by hydrolyzing TiCl4 in strongly acidic medium and subsequent drying at 30–80 °C. Chen et al. [12] shows the results of pillaring MM using titanium tetra-N-butoxide hydrolyzed in HCl solution and subsequent annealing at a
  • , the BET method) is many times larger than the area of its external surface (Sext = 0.5 m2/g, the Tovarov method [38]), it is reasonable to assume that TiO2 will be predominantly in the form of pillars in the interlayer space. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms for the obtained
  • . Porosimetric measurements were carried out by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption using a specific surface area and porosity analyzer ASAP 2020 (Micromeritics, USA); prior to measurements the samples were degassed at 180 °C and residual pressure of 5–10 Pa for 3.5 h. An analysis of the sample
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Published 31 Jan 2018

Al2O3/TiO2 inverse opals from electrosprayed self-assembled templates

  • Arnau Coll,
  • Sandra Bermejo,
  • David Hernández and
  • Luís Castañer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 216–223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.23

Graphical Abstract
  • material deposition process with the maximum temperature that the polymeric nanoparticles can sustain, which is typically below 90–100 °C. This low temperature reduces the choices of materials that have suitable optical properties for a given application [35][36]. As an example, TiO2 deposited at <150 °C
  • size) or silicon dioxide nanoparticles with dimensions typically several hundreds of micrometers with a close packed, face-centered cubic, three-dimensional order. In parallel we have shown the use of Al2O3 as a good candidate for the inverse opal supporting layer regarding the low temperature
  • cm2), large thickness (>17 µm) inverse opals with very good reflectivity properties in the NIR spectral region using a double layer Al2O3/TiO2 colloidal crystal created by self-assembled polystyrene nanoparticles as a template. The results achieved were accomplished using low temperature processing
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Published 19 Jan 2018

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

  • Alexey D. Bolshakov,
  • Alexey M. Mozharov,
  • Georgiy A. Sapunov,
  • Igor V. Shtrom,
  • Nickolay V. Sibirev,
  • Vladimir V. Fedorov,
  • Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
  • Maria Tchernycheva,
  • George E. Cirlin and
  • Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

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  • /h on a substrate that underwent low-temperature (850 °C) annealing. It should be mentioned that in this case a silicon oxide layer covering the substrate was removed only partially or was not removed at all. This conclusion is based on the analysis of in situ reflection high-energy electron
  • diffraction (RHEED) patterns: we did not observe (7 × 7) a Si surface reconstruction pattern while cooling down the substrate that was subjected to the low temperature annealing. On the contrary, when the high temperature annealing (at least 920 °С) was applied, we observed a clear (7 × 7) reconstruction
  • approximate doping level for planar layers (see Table 1) is in close proximity with the doping level estimated via PL data analysis. So we conclude that the low-temperature PL is an effective noncontact method of assessing the doping level in GaN NWs. Theoretical model According to modern theoretical
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Published 15 Jan 2018

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO2/Fe2O3 thin films

  • Kristjan Kalam,
  • Helina Seemen,
  • Peeter Ritslaid,
  • Mihkel Rähn,
  • Aile Tamm,
  • Kaupo Kukli,
  • Aarne Kasikov,
  • Joosep Link,
  • Raivo Stern,
  • Salvador Dueñas,
  • Helena Castán and
  • Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

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  • ]. ALD growth of Fe2O3 from ferrocene and ozone is even possible at 200 °C, but at such a low temperature, the required pulse duration is very long. A maximal growth rate was achieved when ferrocene pulses were 40 s long and ozone pulses were 200 s [24]. ZrCl4 and Fe(C5H5)2 were evaporated at 161–163 °C
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Published 10 Jan 2018

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

  • Ziyan Warneke,
  • Markus Rohdenburg,
  • Jonas Warneke,
  • Janina Kopyra and
  • Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

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  • cycles of precursor and O2 dosing, MeCpPtMe3 reacts with surface hydroxyl groups produced during a preceding O2 exposure half-cycle whereby Pt–O bonds are formed and CH4 is released [18][19]. The analogous reaction between MeCpPtMe3 and H2O does not contribute noticeably in our low temperature (105 K
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Published 08 Jan 2018

Response under low-energy electron irradiation of a thin film of a potential copper precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID)

  • Leo Sala,
  • Iwona B. Szymańska,
  • Céline Dablemont,
  • Anne Lafosse and
  • Lionel Amiaud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 57–65, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.8

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  • ligands was done by heating. Spectrum g in Figure 2 was recorded under the same conditions as spectrum f, but after a mild annealing above room temperature (T = 305 K), desorption was induced, visible by a small pressure rise in the chamber during the process. Back to low temperature, spectrum g is
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Published 05 Jan 2018

Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

  • Alberto Curcella,
  • Romain Bernard,
  • Yves Borensztein,
  • Silvia Pandolfi and
  • Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

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  • atom electron spectroscopy [35] and deuterium exposure of the film [36], whereas opposite conclusions were obtained from STM observations after applying a bias pulse at low temperature [33]. Very recently, the existence of two different growth modes on Ag(111), depending on the substrate temperature
  • , has been proposed [37][38]. At low temperature (T = 470 K), multilayer silicene would form, without Ag at the surface, whereas diamond-like growth would occur at high temperature (T = 570 K), with Ag acting as a surfactant. Thus, open questions remain on the nature of the films formed as a function of
  • measurements or to the different evaporation rates used during the experiments. Conclusion The quantitative analysis of the evolution of AES intensity during Si growth at different temperatures shows that the growth mechanism is different for low temperature deposition (T = 200 K) and in the regime described
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Published 05 Jan 2018

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

  • Igor I. Soloviev,
  • Nikolay V. Klenov,
  • Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
  • Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
  • Alexander L. Gudkov and
  • Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

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Published 14 Dec 2017

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions

  • Youngsang Kim,
  • Safa G. Bahoosh,
  • Dmytro Sysoiev,
  • Thomas Huhn,
  • Fabian Pauly and
  • Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2606–2614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.261

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  • employing O2 plasma in a reactive ion etcher to form a freestanding bridge, as shown in Figure 1a. After mounting the MCBJ sample, which is covered with C5F-ThM molecules either in the open or the closed form, charge transport measurements were performed at low temperature (4.2 K) in a custom-made vacuum
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Published 06 Dec 2017
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