Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• immobilized in mesopores of Al2O3 membranes (10–30 mM) [63], sol–gel-derived composite films (14 mM) [64], and similar devices based on graphene and carbon nanotubes (4–15 mM) [65][66]. The low Km value is indicative of an excellent performance attributed to strong substrate binding and high enzymatic

• , Supporting Information File 1). Next, the EBC performance was evaluated under open-air conditions and in the absence of any mediator or expensive proton exchange membranes. Figure 5A illustrates the EBC designed as a one-pot cell. The GOx enzyme catalyses the conversion of glucose in gluconic acid as follows

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• phase masks Fabrication of SixNy membranes and aC film deposition A 200 µm thick Si wafer with 120 nm thick low-stress SixNy coating on both sides was used as base material. Optical lithography and etching methods for SixNy and Si were applied to produce free-standing SixNy thin films (Figure 1

• is not to scale as the SixNy windows and the Si wafer have a thickness of 120 nm and 200 µm, respectively. SEM images of the (b) top and (c) bottom surface reveal the 3 × 3 array of SixNy membranes and the pyramid-shaped trenches caused by anisotropic wet-etching of Si. The fabrication steps to

• fabricate aC thin films are schematically shown for the two applied methods. (a) SixNy membranes prepared by optical lithography are (b) covered with Pt (ca. 220 nm). (c) For the “FIB-prepared” method, aC is deposited on the back side and (d) FIB milling is used to remove Pt and SixNy. The milling is

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• challenges are developments regarding applications related to antibacterial activity and uses in the production of fine chemicals through photo-assisted organic syntheses. The use as films and membranes appears as a valuable alternative for industrial processes. Moreover, the clays can be used as substrates

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• reactions that induce irreversible fatal damage (methylation) of cellular nucleic acids and the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes. Living organisms have evolved with several strategies, such as repair mechanisms and physical, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, to control

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• previously studied. With regard to TNWs, surfactants have been used in synthesis for the control of size and morphology [44][45][46], as well as for the synthesis of TNW membranes [47]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been undertaken to determine the effect of surfactants on TNW stability

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• that all NP formulations are strongly attached to the cell membranes because they could not be removed by repetitive washings steps during sample processing. As can be seen in Figure 8F, lots of red dots are precisely located in the cell membrane indicating that treatment with PLGA NPs leads to an

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• blood–brain barrier permeability rBCEC4 cells were grown on filter insert membranes to allow for the investigation of NP effects on BBB permeability. The transport of two tracers across the cell monolayer and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) were measured. TEER measurements showed a

• confluence before extracting protein as described previously [9]. Equal amounts of protein from each sample were loaded and separated on 10% to 16% SDS-PAGE gels and subsequently transferred onto PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked for 2 h in blocking solution (5% milk in PBS and 0.2% Tween), then

• incubated with the respective primary antibody overnight at 4 °C on a shaker (Table 1). Following, the membranes were washed four times, incubated with the corresponding secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature, and washed again. Quantification was carried out with ImageJ by measuring the intensity of

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• organ damage. Our data suggest that PEG-nGO induced a high oxidative stress (OS) to the organs in the first hour of treatment, as assessed by the increased concentration levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). As cell membranes contain

• great amounts of PUFA, high levels of MDA indicate damaged cell membranes. MDA is commonly used as a marker for oxidative stress and the antioxidant status of the respective organ. It was also show that tissues of heart and kidneys are greatly influenced by PEG-nGO. A decreased amount of the antioxidant

Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors

• Paula Martínez-Pérez and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 677–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.67

• the interaction between the optical field and the target substances, which boosts the sensitivity. In this work, we propose the use of a readily available mesoporous material for the development of such sensors: commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes. In order to demonstrate their utility for

• experiments were performed by placing different concentrations of ethanol solution on the polycarbonate track-etched membranes. As a result, a sensitivity value of around 56 nm/RIU was obtained and the reusability of the substrate was demonstrated. These results pave the way for the development of optical

• the development of optical sensors: polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE) membranes. PCTE membranes, which are typically used for size-based filtration [9][10], are reminiscent of the porous structure of a monolayer of porous silicon, a material that has an optical response of a Fabry–Pérot (FP

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• applications [5], including gas storage [6], membranes for separation processes [7], heterogeneous catalysis [8], sensing [9] or drug delivery [10], among others. Many of these applications require the formation of MOF films onto different kinds of surfaces with precise control of film thickness and

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Aβ₄₂, Aβ₄₀, and α-synuclein fibrils: a coarse-grained method to complement experimental studies

• Adolfo B. Poma,
• Horacio V. Guzman,
• Mai Suan Li and
• Panagiotis E. Theodorakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 500–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.51

• ., proteins [1], nucleic acids [2] and lipids [3]). Lipid membranes, viral capsids, and biological fibrils are common examples of large complexes that pose significant challenges for all-atom simulations. For example, the time scales of various biological processes are in the range from 10−6 to 10−3 s, and

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• cover glasses (borosilicate glass, 18 × 18 mm2, 0.13–0.16 mm thickness) were purchased from Marienfeld-Superior. Aluminum plates (99.99%) for the anodization procedure were supplied by Smart-Membranes. The indium tin oxide sputter target (99.99%) was purchased from AEM. Preparation of planar samples For

• isopropanol. Preparation of nanostructured samples Nanostructured Ru/C electrodes were prepared in several steps as illustrated in Figure 5. A standard two-step anodization of aluminum (represented as (a) in Figure 5) delivered the nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes further used as templates [35]. Aluminum

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• , BEAS-2B, A549, and J774.1 cells were separately cultured with various concentrations of hydroxyapatite and 0.1% of Pluronic (used as a stabilizer of cell membranes protecting from membrane shearing and additionally acts as an anti-foaming agent; Pluronic F68 - Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC) in a 24-well

A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta

• Matthias Mail,
• Adrian Klein,
• Horst Bleckmann,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Peter T. Rühr,
• Goran Lovric,
• Robin Fröhlingsdorf,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3039–3047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.282

• /bjnano.9.282 Abstract In technical systems, static pressure and pressure changes are usually measured with piezoelectric materials or solid membranes. In this paper, we suggest a new biomimetic principle based on thin air layers that can be used to measure underwater pressure changes. Submerged

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• Diana El Khoury Richard Arinero Jean-Charles Laurentie Mikhael Bechelany Michel Ramonda Jerome Castellon Institut d’Électronique et des Systèmes, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France Centre de technologie

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• , contrary to the classical model, developed for SEM imaging, which is based purely on scattering in the substrate [74]. This was further studied by van Dorp et al. [75][76] who performed experiments on very thin membranes with different precursor fluxes to verify the role of SEs in EBID. This work

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• morphologies and have various functions (e.g., adsorbents, catalysts, or membranes). The high reactivity and high surface area of nanomaterials are some of the notable features which provide an advantage in environmental remediation over other conventional alternatives [1]. Promising materials such as

• : algae. Recent research on artificial photosynthesis such as CO2 fixation and water splitting has boosted the appeal of algae [37]. Significant attention has been given to the use of algae to fabricate adsorbents and membranes from its extracted nanocellulose for environmental remediation. The green alga

• been used to fabricate catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol [52] and microfiltration membranes for bacteria, virus, and heavy metal ion removal [53]. In addition, bleached birch fibres from Betula verrucosa and B. pendula were also investigated in a study led by Suopajärvi et al. [54] to

Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 2³ factorial design

• Paulina Korycka,
• Adam Mirek,
• Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
• Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
• Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

• among others as: coatings with hydrophobic properties [19], membranes for fog harvesting [20], drug delivery systems with encapsulated therapeutic substances [21]. Therefore, it is fully justified to dedicate a study to the analysis of conditions in which the beads can be optimally obtained. Although a

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• membranes. Photolithography was employed for obtaining interdigitated metallic electrode systems of Ti/Au onto SiO2/Si substrates and subsequent electron beam lithography was used for contacting single nanowires in order to investigate their galvano-magnetic properties. The results of the magnetoresistance

• (e.g., Co–Ni–Cu, Co–Ni) have been reported in the last two decades [8][9]. Characteristic to these magnetoresistance studies is that the GMR effects were measured in currents perpendicular to the plane geometry on arrays of nanowires in different membranes, namely with current flowing perpendicular to

• membranes [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Some of the advantages of this method are low cost, high reproducibility and fabrication at low temperatures. By using this approach to obtain nanowires, one can control both their morphology (by means of the geometry of the template) and their composition

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• , membrane separation, and sensing. In recent years, there has been great interest regarding the synthesis of isoporous and well-ordered (in)organic coatings for the production of highly selective functional membranes. Among the different strategies that have been proposed to date for preparing these porous

• (in)organic porous coatings and membranes are obtained due to the action of BCs either as templating agents or as the source of the porogen by self-assembly. In order to guide researchers in the field of highly organized porous coatings, a detailed discussion of both approaches is presented here. In

• this review, with a particular emphasis on their capability of growing well-ordered nanostructured porous architectures and coatings, exploitable for designing smart membranes and other devices for next future advanced applications. Block copolymer self-assembly: theory and application The self

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• attention [6][10]. SiN elements can be embedded into SiO2 [10], or alternatively, SiN suspended membranes can be used to enhance the performance [11][12][13]. However, for both approaches, to generate and detect light, active elements need to be co-integrated with the SiN platform. Thanks to their direct

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• from exposure to air/moisture was suggested via the growth of HP nanowires in the pores of anodized alumina membranes [122]. The effective blockage of the diffusion of water and oxygen molecules to the alumina-incorporated MASnI3 nanowires resulted in a three order of magnitude slower degradation of

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

• Kahraman Keskinbora,
• Umut Tunca Sanli,
• Margarita Baluktsian,
• Corinne Grévent,
• Markus Weigand and
• Gisela Schütz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2049–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.194

• transparent substrate followed by direct-write lithography (Figure 1a). The gold thin films were deposited on commercially available amorphous silicon nitride membranes (50 nm thick Si3N4) as described in the experimental section. The ion beam lithography (IBL) was done using a scanning electron microscope

• beamline diagnosis applications. Conclusion High-resolution ion beam lithography of structures with critical dimensions down to 60 nm period was realized in gold-coated silicon nitride membranes. The fabrication time of a single FZP was 8 min 23 s. The fast fabrication scheme was achieved by exposing the

• characterization of the FZPs The 100 nm gold films were sputtered using a Leica EM ACE600 on 50 nm thick commercial Si3N4 membranes (Silson), without any rotation or tilt. The FZPs were fabricated using a Nova Nanolab600 (FEI) attached with an Elphy Multibeam (Raith) pattern generator. A 30 keV, 30 pA Ga+ focused

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• higher laser intensity compared to the above-described experiments was chosen (laser power 1.3 W, intensity 4 W/cm2) to obtain an efficient increase in temperature. The membranes were irradiated for 5 min. These irradiation conditions produced a high local increase in temperature, as shown in Figure 6a

• . It can also be seen that blank PVA films did not show any temperature increase under the same irradiation conditions. Once irradiated, the inoculated membranes were transferred to solid or liquid Luria–Bertani (LB) by sterile tweezers and incubated at 37 °C and the growth of the inoculated medium was

• unit of area of ≈4 W/cm2 at the sample position. Sterile tweezers were used to transfer the membranes to LB agar plates or to LB broth and left to grow at 37 °C. The LB antibacterial effect was estimated on images acquired on LB agar plates, while the bacteria concentration from LB broth was calculated