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Search for "nanoscale" in Full Text gives 873 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23
- targeting efficacy of nanomedicines. Various solutions have been proposed to improve mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) evasion, extravasation at the tumor site, and diffusion through the dense collagen matrix of the solid tumors. Biomimetic, multifunctional, and multistage targeted nanoscale delivery
- surface, triggered by protease degradation after tumor homing by the EPR effect [112]. Mesoporous silica vesicles (MSVs; dav = 3 μm) with high affinity to tumor vasculature were also described by Blanco et al. as a platform for the triggered release of various therapeutic nanoscale vectors (liposomes
- tumor inhibition was achieved [115]. Lv et al. prepared multifunctional dendrimer nanoscale complexes composed of anti-EGFR aptamer-modified poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) loaded with erlotinib and chloroquine (CQ) for NSCLC treatment. These cationic nanoparticles showed high condensation capacity for
High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18
- force spectroscopy; Introduction With the recent miniaturization of semiconductor devices, understanding the physical and electrical properties of semiconductor devices, such as the dopant concentration, dopant distribution, and defect level distribution, at the nanoscale has become important. Among
- [1][2][3]. Therefore, direct observation of semiconductor surfaces with nanoscale spatial resolution will become even more important for understanding and controlling the effects of these properties on devices and for evaluating semiconductor device operation. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is
- future, high–low KPFS measurements with 2D scanning of the tip on the sample surface are expected to enable measurement of the local interface state density of the sample surface on the nanoscale. Therefore, the high–low KPFS method proposed in this study is expected to be widely used for sensitive and
Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12
- controlling electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale through external manipulation of the materials’ properties. Here, we present the characterisation of a recently developed active plasmonic element [5] through two complementary experimental methods. Active plasmonic elements have applications in future
- underneath and its ability to interact with electronic circuits [22]. The performance of the active element can be characterised in terms of modulation localisation and depth. Localisation addresses how confined the active control is at the nanoscale, while modulation depth is an indicator of how well the
- distribution is investigated by means of scanning Joule expansion microscopy (SJEM) [32]. The technique provides a method to obtain the relative temperature distribution at the nanoscale starting from the measurement of induced thermal expansion, which can be directly mapped in a standard AFM-based image using
Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10
- alloy thin film together with the shadowing effect to form dispersed columnar thin films. The subsequent dealloying leads to film structuration at the nanoscale due to porosity formation. The influence of three different dealloying solutions (i.e., NaOH, HCl, and H3PO4) on the SERS properties of the
Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8
- flexural rigidity is about three times that of graphene but it can be bent to small curvatures without fracturing. These properties make nanoscale talc a promising candidate for the application [14][15][18] as reinforcement for polymers and other composites, including biocompatible materials, and van der
Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4
- nanoscale surface patterns, whereas conventional photolithography methods are limited by diffraction during the illumination step and under/overetching during the development process [17]. In soft lithography, the deformation and collapsing of rubber stamp structures occur due to the adhesion between the
- can be exploited to achieve nanoscale patterns using microscale features on a stamp. Importantly, the lateral diffusion-free CLL process should maintain tiny gap features without hassles of random molecular movements and high resolution patterns are expected after this operation. We anticipate two
- fabricated with inexpensive photomasks. With this technology, we foresee that the straightforward generation of versatile nanoscale patterns can further push the boundaries of CLL, and expand its applications in solving conventional biosensing, nanoelectronics, and semiconductor problems. Visualization of
The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3
- the need to use a comprehensive approach in theoretical studies, since the behavior of different phases is often described by different models or state equations [4]. Another reason is that phase transformation mechanisms originate at the nanoscale and atomic levels [5][6], where observation and
- of spintronics. Modern computing devices face a number of difficulties during production, including those related to arrangement of nanoscale computing elements on integrated circuits and their subsequent cooling during operation [17][18]. Problems related to excessive heat dissipation and
- nanomaterial is proposed. This model reflects the response of an external magnetic field on the behavior of individual atoms, and considers the internal structure and features of structural defects at the nanoscale when calculating the macroscopic magnetic characteristics of a material. The spatial
Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2
- makes them ideal candidates for magnetic-assisted targeted drug delivery [12]. Nanoscale magnetite can be obtained through well-known synthesis routes, such as hydrothermal synthesis, thermal decomposition, or co-precipitation [10][11]. Each of these synthetic approaches has certain advantages and
Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132
- interaction via shared electromagnetic fields and currents [26]. For conventional overlap JJs the scale of such interaction is short (nanoscale) because it is limited by the corresponding screening lengths in superconducting electrodes [27]. However, for planar JJs the direct interaction can be of long range
- consists of a log-periodic microwave antenna [39] with a broad frequency range of ca. 15–700 GHz. In the center, there is a nanoscale JJ sensor, shown in Figure 6b. The detector is made of a Nb film (70 nm thick), using a fabrication technique similar to that described in [28]. The antenna is patterned
- characteristics from (a). The peak represents the resonant step. It reduces with decreasing N and is not visible for N = 106 (lower panel) below the threshold number of JJs. (a) Optical image of a superconducting detector with a log-periodic microwave antenna. (b) SEM image of a nanoscale sensor junction (false
A TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125
- reactions. As a wide-bandgap (ca. 3.2 eV) semiconductor, TiO2 is a promising photocatalyst for degrading a massive range of high-molecular-weight organic pollutants under UV radiation [1]. Because of high specific surface, nanoscale TiO2 as grains or tubes can absorb UV light more substantially than
Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123
- , filtered, and washed. Subsequently, the precipitate was dried in an oven at 80 °C for 24 h and then ground and calcined at 900 °C for 2 h. The nanoscale crystallite size of the obtained HAP was about 62 nm. The HAG powder was obtained using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and P2O5 (Merck) as precursors and ethanol as
Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122
- Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 10.3762/bjnano.13.122 Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM), developed in the early 1980s, has become a powerful characterization tool in micro- and nanoscale science. In the early 1990s, its relevance within biology and medicine research
- -established and widely used technique for fundamental micro- and nanoscale research, especially concerning topographical characterization and general force measurements [1][2][3][4][5]. However, advanced mechanical property analysis is not yet widely used for broad-impact applications. In fact, while some
- body through small insertions. It is also worth mentioning that the AFM measurement principle does not need to be limited to the use of microscale or nanoscale probes. In fact, the mathematics of the viscoelastic contact problem between a probe of known geometry (e.g., a sphere) and a flat surface [15
Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118
- near-infrared (NIR) absorption [2]. Various gold nanoscale platforms, including nanostars, nanorods, nanospheres, nanoshells, and nanocages, have been designed as PTAs for PTT. Gold nanorods (ca. 50 nm), nanoshells (ca. 130 nm), and nanoparticles with large sizes (>50 nm) are suitable for PTT because
Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117
- studied areas of research, including the thermospin [59][60] and thermoelectric [61][62][63][64][65][66] effects, spin and heat valves [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75], as well as nanoscale refrigerators [76][77][78]. Presently, the DOS structure at the free edge of a normal metal layer in NS bilayers
Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115
- DCX solution, the NP formulations exhibited considerably higher antiproliferative activity. This was due to the increased uptake of the nanoscale particles by the cells. In general, similar results and high anticancer activity are seen in nanoscale drug delivery systems. The higher cytotoxicity is
Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, S7, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia, 98126, Messina, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.13.112 Abstract Advanced nanoscale antimicrobials, originated from the
- -potential positive values (i.e., +25 and +21.3 mV, respectively). A single population of nanoscale objects with an average hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 48 nm was detected for nanoGS, whereas two populations with a DH of 47 nm (main population) and 415 nm (minor population) were observed for nanoGSP
Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109
- applications [62]. A very good micro-/nanoscale hierarchical Bi7O9I3/NTC photocatalyst was created in a one-step, easy, and environmentally friendly way by Hou et al., who used an in situ ion exchange–recrystallization approach [63]. The used buffer provided a relatively stable environment for producing
- both the surface and the inside. When exposed to visible light, Bi7O9I3/NTC displayed higher photocatalytic activity owing to the synergistic effect of the micro-/nanoscale hierarchical structure, low iodine content, and well-contacted interface. 93.5% methyl orange (MO) and 96.6% RhB were eliminated
- the one that is most often used to produce nanomaterials. This is because it is easy to implement and allows for a complete control over the shape and size of the nanoparticles. Enhancement techniques The characteristics of a semiconductor photocatalyst alter as its size is reduced to the nanoscale
Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108
- -cutting [13][14], and nano-punching [15]. These techniques achieve high precision at the nano- and submicron scale surfaces and three-dimensional structures [16][17]. Thus, the removal methods of nanoscale materials have become more important, such as the nano-cutting and nano-punching processes, to
- , since it is very challenging to experimentally control every parameter in the nanoscale, the atomistic computational simulation methods are often used. The most commonly used simulation method is molecular dynamics (MD), which has been conducted to investigate many nanoscale processes [22][23]. Although
- the MD simulation can be effectively applied to simulations at the nanoscale, it still has limitations [14]. Therefore, in recent years, the multiscale simulation approach, which combines atomistic and continuum simulations, has received more and more attention [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32
Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106
- these electrical properties with the facile synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures may bring potential applications of this material in nanoscale optoelectronic integrated devices. However, only a few works have been dedicated to studying the electrical transport in Te-based one-dimensional
Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104
- minimum radius of curvature of 3 nm with different applied bias pressures. The resulting gold nanowire probes are chemically inert and have a high lateral resolution. Such gold-functionalized tips can be applied to various spectroscopic and imaging techniques with nanoscale resolution, such as tip
- -enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. They can open new avenues for characterizing nano-objects and make it possible to study chemical and physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale. Following the preparation and application of monometallic nanowire probes, Fang et al. [36] proposed a
- and conductive materials at the nanoscale. Slattery et al. [46] describe the use of Pt/Ir conductive tips modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), a type of tip suitable for use in conductive imaging mode with high-sensitivity current acquisition AFM, which can also be applied to worn
Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100
- , and the tetrahedral geometry of atomic packing in many nanoscale crystals [108][109][110]. The chiral inorganic nanostructures thus may create an asymmetric environment for enantiomers. As inorganic materials possess higher stability and might be suitable for different types of enantiomers, they are
- between the interaction of the amino acid residues of insulin and the O− and OH2+ groups on TiO2. The helical arrangement of the nanoscale lattice planes of TiO2 in the R-surface may provide a right-handed helical structure, leading to strong interaction with the insulin monomer. The R-surface thus can
Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99
- from the perspective of different material classifications and to provide guidance for future work in the field of MEGs. The effects of various parameters and structural designs on the output power, recent important literature and works, the mechanism of liquid–solid interactions at the nanoscale, and
- nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets. In the construction of devices, nanomaterial units are stacked in thin layers or blocks, and gaps are formed between the units, allowing for the formation of nanoscale networks in the stacked regions. When the nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanosheets are stacked in a non
- -directional selective manner, they form a randomly oriented nanoscale network structure with high surface area, which is convenient for fabrication and beneficial for MEGs. There are various methods to fabricate nanoarchitectonics, including but not limited to electrostatic spinning, lyophilization
Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98
- ][71]. Unfortunately, it has to be noticed that most technological solutions on the nanoscale are only promising at the laboratory stage. The transfer of such technologies to an industrial scale is often complicated and causes many difficulties [72][73][74]. Ophthalmic drugs can be also administered in
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94
- cells [12][13]. Many studies have proven the antibacterial effect of ZnO [14][15] and also that nanoscale ZnO has a more effective antibacterial activity than that of large ZnO [12][16]. Various approaches for synthesizing nanosized materials have been investigated. Among these approaches, chemical and
Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93
- and were investigated to be used as a nanoscale thermometer for determining the intracellular temperature [16]. Numerous research groups have been actively examining co-doped N,S-CDs. Because the sulfur atom can supply energy or emissive trap states for photostimulated electron capture, which alters
- future applications in other disciplines [107]. Atchudan et al. reported a hydrothermal synthesis technique that yields CDs from Morus nigra (black mulberry) fruit juice [81]. This low-cost synthesis approach provides an effective, robust, and eco-friendly nanoscale sensor for the measurement of Fe3
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