Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• non-incorporated silver nanoparticles, which exhibit pronounced antibacterial activity towards gram-negative species. It has been suggested that the gram-negative species may be more susceptible to Ag penetration, as silver nanoparticles are able to more effectively interact with the cell components

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• demand (COD) levels. Additionally, dyes decrease sunlight penetration through water, decreasing the natural restoration activity of rivers. Moreover, dyes in waste water are also considered problematic in the aesthetic sense, since the absorbance of dyes is usually very high (therefore, even small

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• conducted with PeakForce QNM measurements for which the deformation (penetration depth of the tip) of the measurements was evaluated (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). The results indicate a constant deformation for the fresh sample, while the aged cathode shows some areas with a higher deformation

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• subsequent presentation of the epitopes on the surface of macrophages are important events in this positive regulation. According to the literature data, GNPs contribute to the penetration of antigens into phagocytic cells [56]. GNPs, in addition to their adjuvant properties, could lead to a more active

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• inaccessible voids and sealed porosity hinders the penetration of the pore network, and the adsorption of DPX on the external surface leads to a larger scattering contrast, which in turn increases the overall intensity. The chord-length distributions g(r) (Figure 4B) were obtained by fitting the SANS data with

• closed porosity, inaccessible voids and small micropores hinder the penetration of the pore network by DPX. The porosity of the sample Pitch-800 is higher than that of the other samples, which is in good agreement with the physisorption results. The pore size distribution determined by physisorption

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• approach is highly safe to use for biological applications. This is important to emphasize as chemical synthesized nanoparticles may lead to toxic or side effects due to the existence of toxic chemicals [60]. The antibacterial mechanism of CB-Hap NRs may involve (i) the size-mediated penetration of

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• with parallel alignment to the membrane surface (Figure 8). Recent reviews have shown the importance of controlling the shape of the vectors, both for cell penetration but also for the behavior in the blood stream [142]. Regarding PDT more specifically, Till et al. examined the PDT efficiency of

• group was shown to be cleaved by azoreductase under hypoxic conditions [149], the observed stronger cellular penetration [75] was explained by a de-PEGylation of the vector upon contact with the hypoxic tissues. PS positioning Since PDT relies on the local production of ROS to kill the diseased cells

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• the cell interior. Nevertheless, the mechanism they use to enter cells still remains an unsolved piece of the puzzle. Endocytosis and direct penetration have been suggested as the two major mechanisms used for internalization, however, it is not all black and white in the nanoworld. Studies have shown

• fluidity and permeability [32]. Carpet model The ‘carpet’ model describing the direct penetration of some peptides was proposed in 1992 by Pouny and co-workers [34]. According to this model, the positively charged segments of the peptide lie parallel to the membrane surface and are bound to the acidic

• , amphipathic peptide. Electrostatic interaction is essential for the binding between the CPP and the membrane. Achieving a high local concentration at the membrane’s surface is also a key factor for inducing membrane penetration by this model [35]. An alternative to the ‘carpet’ model is the ‘membrane-thinning

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• dislocation density was reduced to 1.3 × 108 cm−2. Penetration was highly dependent on solution temperature. At RT, no crossing was observed, while at 70 °C and 80 °C it took 2.0 min and 1.5 min, respectively. The subsequent 3D GaN showed a constant etch rate. When the thickness of 2D-1 was increased to 1000

• and crystal facets was reached. Applying temperature dependent crossing of 2D–3D transitions, the second 2D–3D transition of E became selectively exposed by first etching in 30 wt % KOH at 70 °C for 3 min. This led to penetration of the first 2D–3D interface. Subsequently, etching at RT for 5 h

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• does not occur in the direct complexation (Figure 2). In our original interpretation, we ascribed the HA corona formation to a difficult penetration of HA into the Chit35/TPP matrix, which is more densely cross-linked than Chit650/TPP (lower entropic penalty to pay for un-coiling lower-MW

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• penetration depth for light of 600 nm wavelength is about 100 nm, assuming α = 1 × 105 cm−1 (Figure 3c). Electron mobility tends to be greater in semiconductors when compared to hole mobility, although the efficacy of electron transport is also subject to change when the absorber thickness is varied. In this

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• mixing time in many approaches. This problem holds true especially for the preparation of NPs of size less than 200 nm, which are preferred with respect to their biological penetration potential. Improved control with respect to the mixing time can be achieved by utilizing impinging jets or microfluidic

• to address strong and continuous inflammatory responses which could have an impact in, for example, cystic fibrosis treatment [38]. The potential for application in cystic fibrosis treatment was highlighted monitoring the penetration of the particles through human pulmonary mucus. Results and

• penetration through mucus [9]. In this context, we have used microfluidics to produce size-tunable PLGA NPs coated with a muco-penetrating stabilizer (Pluronic F68). Relevant factors influencing the NP size were examined, such as flow rate ratio, PLGA concentration, solvent type, diameter of the mixing

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• growth of crystal grains on the surface of the fibers for both LiFePO4 and Li5Ti4O12. The fiber diameter is less than 1 μm, and the grain size is between 200 and 300 nm. There are numerous channels between the fibers. This structure is beneficial for the penetration of electrolyte and the contact between

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• , which are also exhibited by the SmartLipids, are reviewed. These include the restauration of the protective lipid skin barrier (anti-pollution effect), penetration enhancement by occlusion (invisible patch effect) and the option to control the release of active agents for optimized biological effect and

• inclusion; nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs); penetration enhancement; skin occlusion; SmartLipids; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs); Introduction To meet the increasing expectations and demands of consumers in personal care and cosmetics, as well of patients in medical care, dermal delivery systems are

• agents, e.g., retinol as a classical example; restoration of the natural skin barrier (recently in focus in the framework of “anti-pollution” strategies); penetration enhancement and increased bioavailability allowing for a reduced application frequency, enabling the use of active agents that could not

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• and the integration time was 4–10 minutes for each data point used to extract the lower critical magnetic field and the absolute value of the penetration depth. Both can be improved using other protocols in NV magnetometry. These are of some of the benefits of linking superconducting material

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• MBs that incorporate IONPs are often made of polymers. For example, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were embedded in the wall of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate)-based MBs, allowing the blood‒brain barrier penetration to be monitored [23]. Soft-shell colloids called lipospheres have

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• seen for C-P-ETS-10/60 with a Xe chemical shift variation from 108 ppm to 185 ppm, as presented in Figure 15C. However, another signal with a very close chemical shift value can be identified. This signal might originate from Xe penetration into the 7-member ring pores, and the amount of present OH

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• required additional Au1 features to be accurately fit, in agreement with the Auδ+ species observed from XANES (Figure 4A). As XPS has a limited penetration depth, it will accentuate surface species, which are more likely to contain Au1 species, over the bulk [22]. In both cases the weak signal from the low

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• construct the nanoprobe. Both in vitro and in vivo MR and optical imaging demonstrated that the as-constructed nanoprobe was effective and sensitive for tumor targeting with desirable biosafety. Given its desirable properties such as a 100 nm diameter (capable of penetration of the blood–brain barrier) and

• visualization of pathophysiological processes with high sensitivity but with relatively low spatial resolution and shallow penetration into the tissue [30][31]. Cyanine7.5 NHS ester (Cy7.5), a near infrared fluorescence dye, has attracted extensive attention from researchers in various fields, including optical

• ]. Distribution of NPs and PNPs in tumor slices To assess the tumor penetration effect and targeting characteristics of NPs and PNPs in vivo, the distribution of NPs and PNPs in glioblastoma slices was investigated. Two weeks after U87MG-EGFRvIII cell inoculation, the glioblastoma-bearing mice were randomly

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• reacted with EDA, there was a color change of the COP, indicating the formation of an infiltration layer of EDA on the polymeric surface. As the treatment time progressed, further penetration of the EDA made the surface layer swollen so that bulk polymer cracked into smaller units that can behave like

• the dissolution in the liquid amine took much longer compared to COP-100 due to the slower penetration of EDA. The rigid backbone of COP-600 with the triphenylbenzene core also contributed to the slower dissolution of polymer in EDA. As shown in Figure 5b, a red polymer solution of COP-600 could be

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• cytometry, showed dose-dependent cell penetration except for the GSH-AuNPs (Figure S6 in Supporting Information File 1). The highest efficiency of cell uptake was observed for CYS-coated AuNPs. For both CYS- and GSH-coated AgNPs, the uptake was significant only at the highest examined concentration (25 mg

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• scale by bead milling or high-pressure homogenization. Skin penetration studies showed that the smartPearls were actually superior to the nanocrystals [8][24][25]. However, the market introduction in final cosmetic products was blocked due to the lack of an industrial supplier of active agent-loaded

• solvent penetration into different particles varies, leading to particles remaining unfilled (at 0 mL/g filling) or particles that are partially or medium filled (0–0.4 and 0.4–0.8 mL/g, respectively). There are also particles with higher pore volume filling (0.8–1.2 and 1.2–1.8 mL/g) and also particles

• if the diffused rutin molecules are replaced in the dermal formulation by faster or slower dissolution. In vitro skin penetration studies showed an even higher increase in penetration when a gel with smartPearls was compared to a gel with rutin powder (pig skin penetration test, tape stripping [24

Stationary beam full-field transmission helium ion microscopy using sub-50 keV He⁺: Projected images and intensity patterns

• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Olivier Bouton,
• Nico Klingner,
• Christoph T. Koch,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1648–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.160

• less than 0.5 nm [1]. The short wavelength of helium ions results in a reduced diffraction limit for helium ion probes compared to electrons. Helium ions also have a smaller penetration depth than electrons of similar energy and a reduced interaction volume [2], increasing the lateral resolution. In

Graphynes: an alternative lightweight solution for shock protection

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Aimin Ji,
• Jianli Shao,
• Yuantong Gu and
• Zhiyong Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1588–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.154

• energy dissipation or delocalization is expected during impact. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the deformation and penetration mechanisms of monolayer GY nanosheets under impact, which is crucial in order to facilitate their emerging applications for impact protection. Keywords

• numerically on their counterpart graphene. Studies have revealed that carbon chains in graphene are surprisingly stable under electron bombardment [23][24][25]. Applying a miniaturized ballistic setup, the specific penetration energy of multilayer graphene has been reported to be more than 10 times higher

• ballistic protection [27]. Utilizing MD methods, a study suggests that the impact resistance of graphene is strongly correlated with the density of monovacancies [28]. Our recent work reveals the transmission of stress waves would eventually influence the penetration energy and crack growth in graphene [29