Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• used to study their recrystallization by SEM and AFM. Experimental Substrates used for recrystallization Recrystallization experiments of a wax solution and a ß-diketone solution were done on two substrates with different physicochemical properties. Glass microscope coverslips were used as polar

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications. Keywords: anisotropic nanoparticles; carrageenan; cytotoxicity; eutectic solvents; surfactants; Review Introduction Plasmonic metals such as gold and silver, upon achieving nanoscale dimensions, exhibit unusual physicochemical

• in biomedical research is gaining attention due to their plasmonic/optical properties. However, in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of these nanomaterials is a prerequisite for further in vivo validation and subsequent clinical trials. The physicochemical properties of a nanoparticle such as size, shape

• nanoparticles than for spherical shapes. This is due to greater exposed surface area and more defects during crystal growth of anisotropic nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles show tremendous potential in biomedical research due to unique optical and physicochemical properties and the inert nanoparticle core. The

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• materials that can undergo specific structural changes, for instance, protonation, cleavage, or conformational changes after exposure to certain stimuli which trigger the release of the cargo [3]. The physicochemical properties of these systems can be changed when triggered by environmental stimuli, such as

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• affinity to substrata with various physicochemical properties (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). In other words, the fluid may be a kind of coupling agent, promoting and strengthening the adhesion between otherwise incompatible materials by providing the proximity of contact for intermolecular forces. At a

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• Silver (nano) that insufficient data on AgNP physicochemical properties and toxicology in cosmetics hinder the health hazards caused by AgNPs [5]. Earlier, the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) raised questions on how different forms of Ag used in consumer and

• medical products may be related to human exposure and safety as AgNPs may undergo complex transformations in biological media [6]. It is well known that AgNP physicochemical characteristics, such as size, shape, surface charge, surface functionalization, or core composition determine their interactions

• absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments. Physicochemical characteristics of freshly prepared AgNPs Freshly prepared AgNPs coated with PVP, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), and poly(ʟ-lysine) (PLL

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• multiple kind of acceptors, for example, D–A–A can improve the HER compared with simple D–A structures. (2) Incorporating heteroatoms, such as N, S, and O, into the polymer backbone can effectively modulate the physicochemical properties of the polymers. (3) Attaching side chains or functional groups, such

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• engineered nanomaterials prepared by many methods that result in products with varying physicochemical properties and applications. Those used industrially are often calcined, an example is NM-212. Other nanoceria have beneficial pharmaceutical properties and are often prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• treatment of nanoceria can produce significant differences in solubility and surface cerium valence, which affect the biological and catalytic properties of nanoceria. Keywords: cerium; dissolution; nanoparticles; physicochemical properties; valence state; Introduction The long-term fate of engineered

• nanomaterials (ENMs), which could profoundly influence their biological effects, is not well understood. After uptake into phagolysosomes, which have a pH value of ca. 4.5, there is the potential for dissolution, changing the physicochemical, and potentially the biological, identity of ENMs. Nanoceria are a

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• , triangular plates, hexagonal plates, pyramids, and cubes depending on the synthesis method used, as depicted in Figure 1. Moreover, they all have specific characteristics, both from the physicochemical and biomedical application points of view [33]. The unique chemical and physical properties of AgNPs are

• aggregation, physicochemical or biological synthesis methods used, chemical nature of the coating, surface charge, and free Ag+ content. The quality control of AgNPs is necessary to guarantee their suitability for the intended use, reproducibility, efficacy, and low toxicity [146]. Another important point is

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• without ligands, in a healthy murine model. Even though the authors reported an organ distribution of nearly 20% per gram in the BM, most of the porous silicon particles were entrapped in the spleen, liver, and lungs, because of their size and surface characteristics. In this case, the physicochemical

• conventional treatment protocols due to unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, nanotechnology offers strategies for targeting a variety of leukemia cell populations. Even though liquid tumors mainly reside in the blood circulation and seem readily available for chemotherapy, the

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• nanoparticles; toxicity; uptake; Introduction Nanotechnology is a rapidly-growing industry that creates nanoscale products with novel physicochemical properties [1]. Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm, which gives them unique properties for innovative

• /synthesis characterization, to examine the physicochemical transformations of NPs during the exposure time in the exposure medium, and/or to use physiologically relevant Ag concentrations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the uptake and toxicity of well-characterized AgNPs in primary

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• carrier, are the most frequently used materials for biomedical applications [17][18][19][20]. The impact of the surface chemistry on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake has not been sufficiently clarified yet. MNPs with comparable basic physicochemical characteristics (e.g., particle size, surface charge

• FITC–clathrin was measured in A549 cells exposed to CavME inhibitors (i.e., F and N). Discussion The internalization of nanoparticles is a dynamic energy-dependent and highly regulated process, affected by physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (e.g., shape, size, surface chemistry, and

• distinct pathway(s) underlying cellular uptake and the parameters influencing this process is of great importance for the design of new tailored nanovectors for different cells/tissues in biomedical applications. It is well documented that the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles substantially

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• their attractive physicochemical properties and their antimicrobial applications [142][143], and research reports have indicated that Ag NPs are lethal to bacteria and other pathogens [142][143][144][145]. Aside from the antimicrobial applications of Ag NPs, Govindaraju et al. [146] reported that an

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• physicochemical characteristics of AgNPs can be tuned in a way to avoid cellular toxicity [71][74][75], which facilitates their biomedical applications. The small size of AgNPs (<100 nm) allows them to accumulate on the extracellular membrane of the bacteria and penetrate inside, which alters the membrane

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and in the epoxidation of propene with nitrous oxide. Moreover, in experimental and theoretical works [9], it was clearly shown that the partial substitution of copper with gold leads to a change in the physicochemical properties in many cases. For example, there

• formed under clear nonequilibrium conditions with a dependence on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle determined by its size. In this paper, we present the results of a computer simulation study of the condensation process of gold and copper atoms. For the modeling, we used the molecular

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• nanostructures are attractive candidates for photocatalysis owing to their tunable physicochemical properties, their interfacial contact effects, and their efficacy in charge-carrier separation. This study reports, for the first time, on the synthesis of mesoporous silica@nickel phyllosilicate/titania (mSiO2

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• fairly high ORR and OER activities. Significant progress has been made in the development of alternative ORR and OER catalysts, such as transition metal oxides [16][17][18], heteroatom-doped carbons [19][20], and transition metal nitrides and carbides [21][22][23]. Due to their surface physicochemical

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• centrifuged and washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove oil and surfactant. The resulting particles were dispersed in distilled water. Physicochemical characteristics were examined using XRD (D8 Advance, Bruker), FTIR (FT/IR-4100, Jasco), and TEM (H-7100, Hitachi). The product was filtered using a

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• conduction channel. With this information we can unambiguously characterize the analyzed system, since knowing the energy parameters is key to successfully identifying and modeling the physicochemical properties of various quantum objects. Using the point-contact spectroscopic profile of a complex gas

• period in which the hormones and the products of their interactions with other components of the breath are able to significantly affect the physicochemical state of the point-contact array and change the resistive characteristics of the gas-sensitive elements. The time range in which the dependence

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• precursor dissociation and hence the platinum concentration in the gas phase is expected to decrease with increasing gas velocities, as was previously demonstrated [17]. Electrochemically active surface area and long-term stability Even though the influence of the physicochemical properties of Pt/C on its

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• diffusion, reaction rates, and other physicochemical parameters. However, because these substances are sensitive to light and/or temperature variations, their effectiveness for plant growth can be compromised by physical and chemical changes of the medium [13][14][15]. Searching for tools that improve the

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• conventional method (3.20 eV). This is attributed to the quantum size effect, according to which the Eg value of a semiconductor depends on physicochemical properties such as size, surface area, and crystalline phase [35]. When Ag particles are combined with TiO2, the band gap of the resulting Ag-TNC film is

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• -incorporated silver nanoparticles. Results and Discussion Preparation and physicochemical characterization of silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads The preparation of sulfonated polystyrene beads with embedded silver nanoparticles (PSSAg) is schematically shown in Figure 1. First, polystyrene nanospheres are

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• causing both pro- and anti-coagulant properties. There is contrasting evidence on how the physicochemical properties of the material modulate these effects. In this work, we developed two sets of tailored carbon and silica nanoparticles with three different diameters in the 100–500 nm range with the

• , the results presented herein suggest the existence of independent modes of action that are differently affected by the physicochemical properties of the materials, potentially leading to vessel occlusion and/or formation of thrombi in vivo. Keywords: aggregation; nanoparticles; platelet aggregation

• ) approaches have great potential in accelerating the entry of medicines into the market [3] with the aim of reducing the preclinical research time and the associated costs for production. A deep knowledge of the processes leading to the adverse effects and of the physicochemical properties governing such

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• photostability, and the PL can be tuned from the visible to the NIR region [29]. Similar to SCQDs, SQDs undergo oxidation at room temperature and have limited water solubility. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with tunable size and shape-specific physicochemical properties have emerged as attractive

• difference between plasmonic AuNPs and AuNCs can be stated regarding the sensitivity. For observable changes to occur in physicochemical properties of plasmonic NPs, at least a layer of atoms needs to be removed (ca. 0.5 nm), whereas NCs already display remarkable changes after addition or removal of a

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• have excellent physicochemical properties and are highly stable towards hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. The different types of click reactions are as follows. First, a copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of an azide with an alkyne catalyzed by copper is reported to form a