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Search for "scattering" in Full Text gives 845 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

  • Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
  • Adrien Chauvin and
  • Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

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  • as gas-phase scattering is minimized. The film deposition rate, lying typically in the range of several nanometers per minute, is therefore higher compared to non-magnetized sputtering discharges. Here a remark should be made: While the film growth rate is usually expressed in units of thickness per
  • scattering efficiency for the various sputtered atoms transported in the gas phase and different sputter yields, ultimately leading to the abovementioned composition discrepancies between the source and the deposited material. The interested reader might refer to articles that exemplify this discussion such
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Published 04 Jan 2022

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

  • Sadaf Mushtaq,
  • Khuram Shahzad,
  • Tariq Saeed,
  • Anwar Ul-Hamid,
  • Bilal Haider Abbasi,
  • Nafees Ahmad,
  • Waqas Khalid,
  • Muhammad Atif,
  • Zulqurnain Ali and
  • Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

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  • electrophoresis. All samples moved towards the positive potential due to the negatively charged PMA coating (Figure 2d). The colloidal stability (i.e., hydrodynamic size, surface charge, and polydispersity index, PDI) of NPs was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). All NPs (PMA-coated, and drug-attached
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Published 02 Dec 2021

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

  • Patryk Florków and
  • Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

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  • introduced potential scattering correlated to dot occupancy . This perturbation stabilizes symmetry-broken CO state (d1 ≈ 1, d2 ≈ 0 or d2 ≈ 1, d1 ≈ 0). Hereafter this approach is called by us SB1 and is used by us only in n = 2 region. Now let us look at the conductance for q = 0, but starting from dot
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Published 12 Nov 2021

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

  • Vishal Kamathe and
  • Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

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Published 09 Nov 2021

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

  • Karishma Berta Cotta,
  • Sarika Mehra and
  • Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

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  • Cell, USA). NOR@IONP synthesis, at each of the respective pH, were performed with 3 distinct replicates. Nanoparticle characterization The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles was determined after re-dispersing in milli-Q water and loading the sample in a cuvette for dynamic light scattering (DLS
  • nanoparticles. (a) Dynamic light scattering plot of number (%) v/s size (nm) of the nanoparticles in solution at the end of synthesis (n = 3). (b) Transmission electron microscopy image with a 50 nm scale bar. (c) X-ray diffraction plot indicating the Bragg’s 2θ diffraction angles identical to peaks observed
  • for crystalline iron oxide. (d) FTIR spectrum of transmittance v/s wavenumber, depicting major functional groups of iron oxide and NOR. Characterization of NOR@IONPpH10 nanoparticles. (a) Dynamic light scattering plot of number (%) v/s size (nm) of the nanoparticles in solution at the completion of
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Published 07 Oct 2021

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

  • Gheorghe Stan and
  • Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

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  • 0.229 V, which give an average value of 0.227 ± 0.037 V for the CPD at that location on Au. In general, the scattering of the CPD determined from the five parabolic fits of each bias train, either on Al or Au, was within 0.050 V; here and in the rest of the text, the uncertainties represent one standard
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Published 06 Oct 2021

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

  • Muhammad Atif Sattar,
  • Najwa Al Bouzieh,
  • Maamar Benkraouda and
  • Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

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  • large entropy impact which accelerates the phonon–phonon scattering process. The total thermal conductivity (κtot) for the π-SnSe alloy is also plotted and presented in Figure 9c. It can be noted that initially, by the increase in temperature, κtot decreases and reaches its minimum value of 1.089 W·m−1
  • from the dielectric function by using the following expressions [72]: The real part ε1(ω) of the dielectric tensor describes the polarization and the induced scattering of the incident light photons, while ε2(ω) refers to the magnitude of absorption of the incident radiations. The real part ε1(ω) of
  • [79]. No dispersion or scattering is observed in L(ω) as the curve is linear between 0 and 1.4 eV. The real optical conductivity σ(ω) is a valuable tool to evaluate the concentration of electrons that participate in optical transitions. The optical conductivity plot for the π-SnSe alloy is presented
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Published 05 Oct 2021

Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

  • Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81

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  • double logarithmic scale using decimal logarithms. These data are replotted in Figure 5b, similar to Figure 2. One recognizes a perfect straight line; the parameter b determined from this plot is 0.6929. This value coincides, within the scattering ranges caused by fluctuations, exactly with the values in
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Published 29 Sep 2021

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

  • Keshav Nagpal,
  • Erwan Rauwel,
  • Frédérique Ducroquet and
  • Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

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  • from the device with AgNP increased by 30% compared to the device without AgNP. Choi et al. have used a scattering layer of AgNP in order to study the SPR effect, which increased the EQE by 24% in the flexible OLED [49]. Au and AgNP have also been embedded at the interface of the anode and the HTL in
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Published 24 Sep 2021

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

  • Maximilian Joschko,
  • Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
  • Christina Malsi,
  • Danilo Kisić,
  • Ivana Validžić and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

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  • scattering coefficient s, which, in turn, is correlated to the reflectance of an infinitely thick specimen R∞ [39]: In the literature, there are different opinions regarding the type of electron transition of Sb2S3. Some authors assumed a direct transition for the amorphous and the crystalline material [30
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Published 10 Sep 2021

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

  • Nabojit Das,
  • Akash Kumar and
  • Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

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  • -enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) when doped with rhodamine B (RhB). The enhancement factor produced by these gold nanoflowers was estimated to be 1.09 × 105 regarding pure RhB. The value of the enhancement factor is up to par with the intensively branched gold nanoparticles and is even greater than some of
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Published 18 Aug 2021

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu2+ ions

  • Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
  • Andrei Yu. Panarin,
  • Irina A. Chelnokova,
  • Sergei N. Terekhov,
  • Peter Mojzes and
  • Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

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  • the electrostatic interaction between analyte molecules and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). For this, we fabricated nanostructured plasmonic films by immobilization of Ag NPs on glass plates and functionalized them by a set of differently
  • ; oligonucleotides; porphyrin; silver nanoparticles; substrate modification; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with its advantages of extreme sensitivity, high selectivity, and non-destructive nature has demonstrated great potential for the quick
  • introduces new states in the electronic structure of the metal–adsorbate complex leading to an increase in the Raman scattering cross section of the analyte [17]. Consequently, the CE mechanism should be accompanied by a change of spectral properties of the analyte, which was not observed in this study. Thus
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Published 16 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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  • scattering coefficients of the particles. The details of this theory were reviewed in [90]. The radiation force can be produced by various physical effects, such as changes in the energy density of the propagating waves due to absorption and scattering, spatial variations in energy density in standing
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Published 11 Aug 2021

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

  • Alina V. Dvornichenko,
  • Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
  • Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

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  • high temperatures is electromigration, which occurs when an electric current is applied to the substrate [1][2]. Electromigration (EM) is the movement of atoms caused by an electric current. It occurs due to the scattering of conduction electrons on atoms that move in a solid due to diffusion processes
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Published 13 Jul 2021

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Rinea Barbir,
  • Vedran Micek,
  • Raluca M. Fratila,
  • Jesus M. de la Fuente and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

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  • implementing light scattering (dynamic and electrophoretic) techniques, spectroscopy (UV–vis, atomic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance) and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results demonstrated that AgNPs may transform very quickly during their journey through different biological conditions
  • biological fluids, obtained from animal experiments. A multimethod approach was used to examine their behaviour and transformation under experimental conditions relevant for in vivo settings by performing dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), graphite furnace atomic
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Published 07 Jul 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Graphical Abstract
  • effects. In the case of neon (also shown in Figure 1b), there is more scattering close to the surface, but the advantage for milling is a sputter yield that is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of helium at the same beam energy [17]. Early HIM work by Livengood et al. investigated the
  • phonon scattering effect from the few point defects introduced. For higher doses above ca. 2 × 1016 ions/cm2, complete amorphization of the material occurred, although it was noted that the overall morphology of the structure was unaffected. This ability to locally tune the thermal conductivity by
  • -induced scission of the polymer chains and subsequent cross-linking and compaction, which can be understood in terms of the dominance of energy losses by electronic scattering in the case of light ions such as helium, compared with the nuclear scattering that dominates energy loss for heavier ions. Yet
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Published 02 Jul 2021

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

  • Gul Naz,
  • Hafsa Asghar,
  • Muhammad Ramzan,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Rashid Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
  • Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
  • Nadeem Baig and
  • Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

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  • significant scattering and reducing length propagation, thus affecting the optical properties [23]. The polyol method is considered as the most promising and adaptable method with respect to yield, cost, simplicity, and reaction time for the preparation of AgNWs with higher aspect ratios [24][25][26][27
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Published 01 Jul 2021

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al2O3/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

  • Piotr Caban,
  • Rafał Pietruszka,
  • Jarosław Kaszewski,
  • Monika Ożga,
  • Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
  • Krzysztof Kopalko,
  • Piotr Kuźmiuk,
  • Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
  • Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
  • Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
  • Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

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  • the Kubelka–Munk function, α is the absorption coefficient, s is the scattering factor and R is the reflectance [46]. After a linear extrapolation within the plot of [F(R)·hν]2 as a function of hν of the relevant area of linear increase, an intersection point with the abscissa was determined for each
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Published 28 Jun 2021

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

  • Jakub Kierdaszuk,
  • Piotr Kaźmierczak,
  • Justyna Grzonka,
  • Aleksandra Krajewska,
  • Aleksandra Przewłoka,
  • Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
  • Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
  • Marta Sobanska,
  • Maria Kamińska,
  • Andrzej Wysmołek and
  • Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

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  • engineering. Keywords: carrier concentration; gallium nitride; graphene; nanowires; Raman spectroscopy; scattering on defects; strain; Introduction The combination of excellent electrical and mechanical properties with interesting physical phenomena occurring in two-dimensional structures makes graphene an
  • , such as strain induced by mechanical contact between materials or gating of graphene by neighbouring layers, are important for further applications. Furthermore, electron scattering on defects modifies graphene properties in several ways, for example, additional scattering centres reduce carrier
  • containing graphene on nanowires have been used in solar cells to increase their efficiency. In particular, it has been shown that the application of nanowires in solar cells decreases light reflection by scattering of light in between nanowires [7][8]. Nanowires have also a high cross-section of light
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Published 22 Jun 2021

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

  • Abhishek Grewal,
  • Yuqi Wang,
  • Matthias Münks,
  • Klaus Kern and
  • Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

Graphical Abstract
  • expected at low bias voltages making it transparent to STM, as seen in Figure 2b,d. At this bias, only Friedel oscillations due to the scattering of the Cu(111) surface-state electrons on defects and adsorbates are observed. Contrarily, as Figure 2a reveals, at higher bias, the STM topography corresponds
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Published 17 Jun 2021

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

  • Robert A. Yokel,
  • Wendel Wohlleben,
  • Johannes Georg Keller,
  • Matthew L. Hancock,
  • Jason M. Unrine,
  • D. Allan Butterfield and
  • Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

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  • hydrodynamic diameter (Smoluchowski's approximation) of the as-prepared- (as-loaded) and the partially dissolved nanoceria was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Brookhaven 90Plus Particle Size Analyzer. The zeta potential (0.5 mg/mL) from pH 0.5 to 13, adjusted with nitric acid and sodium
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Published 04 Jun 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

  • Paulina Filipczak,
  • Krzysztof Hałagan,
  • Jacek Ulański and
  • Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

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  • Raman scattering (SERS) effect. In this work, we show the SERS effect for water molecules in the dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) without any external electrical field. An enhancement factor was estimated to be (4.8 ± 0.8) × 106 for an excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm and for AgNPs with an
  • ; plasmons; resonance Raman effect; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; water structure; Introduction What is the structure of water? This question is among the 125 most important unanswered questions of mankind and it was proposed by the prestigious Science Magazine [1]. Water is the most common compound in
  • effect weaker [20]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining more and more popularity in various applications, such as electronics [22], photonics [23], and medicine [24]. Silver nanocolloids are also commonly used as an enhancing substrate in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [25][26]. Since the
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Published 25 May 2021

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

  • Jialin Wang,
  • Qianqian Duan,
  • Min Yang,
  • Boye Zhang,
  • Li Guo,
  • Pengcui Li,
  • Wendong Zhang and
  • Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

Graphical Abstract
  • , especially those with anisotropic structure, such as AuNRs, Au nanocages [5][6], Au nanostars [7][8], Au nanospheres [9][10], and Au nanoshells [11][12], show great potential as PTAs. Particularly, AuNRs, with a high inherent absorption–scattering ratio, simple and controllable synthesis, and high PCE [13
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Published 17 May 2021

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

  • Gabriel M. Misirli,
  • Kishore Sridharan and
  • Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

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  • induce the production of hot electrons from plasmonic metals, while larger size nanoparticles favor the scattering of the light. There is a strong electromagnetic field that is produced by fast and coherent oscillating electrons which extend into the metal and the surrounding environment [62][63]. The
  • excite the plasmons (Mie scattering theory). For example, the main absorption wavelength (dipole) of spherical AgNPs (10 nm of size) is at ≈400 nm. Larger AgNPs and AgNPs with different shapes, on the other hand, absorb different light wavelengths due to other absorption modes, generally higher than 400
  • , UV–vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), dynamic light scattering (DLS), among other techniques [33]. The basic principles of the techniques mentioned here are detailed in the following sections. Each AgNPs is unique, depending on its size, state of
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Published 14 May 2021

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

  • Victor Deinhart,
  • Lisa-Marie Kern,
  • Jan N. Kirchhof,
  • Sabrina Juergensen,
  • Joris Sturm,
  • Enno Krauss,
  • Thorsten Feichtner,
  • Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
  • Michael Schneider,
  • Dieter Engel,
  • Bastian Pfau,
  • Bert Hecht,
  • Kirill I. Bolotin,
  • Stephanie Reich and
  • Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

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  • -crystalline gold constitute an ideal platform for plasmonic applications due to the lack of scattering losses at grain boundaries and surface roughness [56]. In nanostructured gold, collective excitations of the free electron gas may occur under the incidence of visible light [2]. These plasmon polaritons of
  • modulation setup. The spatial displacement of the focus modulates the signal [61] and the lock-in coupled detector provides an excellent signal-to-noise ratio for individual small scatterers. Figure 7d–f shows the extinction (sum of scattering and absorption) spectra corresponding to the tetramers in Figure
  • round. Each monomer acts as a small dipole in our measurement configuration and its response is not very sensitive to its actual shape as long as surface roughness does not increase the scattering losses. Finite-difference time-domain modeling taking into account the slightly varying geometries led to
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Published 06 Apr 2021
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