Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• instabilities of atomic stick–slip to thermal vibrations, are found to be intimately related to non-contact friction. Energy can get dissipated into phononic and/or electronic channels. In a number of examples, it was found that non-contact friction can be tuned over orders of magnitudes by changing the applied

• by the action of a probing tip along a track of 100 nm on a Au(111) surface (Figure 8). The method to move the molecules is based on inelastic tunneling through which the electrons induce molecular vibrations, which then lead to increased diffusion. Depending on the polarity of the applied bias

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• have a D band peak around 1350 cm−1, a G band peak around 1590 cm−1 and G’ band peak in the region of 2700 cm−1. The first is related to the presence of disordered carbon, the second to the tangential vibrations of graphitic carbon and the third one to two-phonon scattering related to long-range order

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• −1 that are observed in all three samples are typically related to stretching vibrations of hydroxyl (–OH) groups on the surface of the samples [22]. The peaks at 1094, 804 and 467 cm−1 are attributed to asymmetric stretching, symmetric stretching and bending modes of Si–O–Si bonds in diatomite [23

• ][24][25]. For Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite, the peak at 572.6 cm−1 is assigned to stretching vibrations of Fe–O–Fe, indicating the loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the composite [26]. The peak at 531.7 cm−1 can be ascribed to the Mn–O vibrations of MnO2 [27]. Figure 3 shows the SEM images

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• ) is caused by the inter-oxygen vibrations. Beyond this transient period of time both curves decay monotonically. A faster decay of k(t) calculated for the NN membrane indicates that the time necessary to reach the equilibrium state is shorter. The hydrogen bonds between water and nitrogen atoms from

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• (TDS2002B, Tektronix). The experimental data presented below in Figure 7 and Figure 8 were obtained using a standard-size cantilever (NCH, Nanoworld; f0 = 151.46 kHz, k = 41.3 N/m and Q = 9) and an ultra-short cantilever (USC, Nanoworld; f0 = 3.44 MHz, k = 59.9 N/m and Q = 7). The cantilever vibrations were

• -speed FM-AFM imaging was performed in the deposited water using an AC55 (Olympus) cantilever (f0 = 1.53 MHz, Δf = 1.6 kHz, A = 0.1 nm). The cantilever vibrations were excited and detected using the same setups that were employed for the PLL performance measurements. For the high-speed operation of the

• cantilever thermal vibrations nth. These values were calculated using the following equation [1][33]: where kB, T, k, and A denote Boltzmann's constant, the absolute temperature, the cantilever spring constant, and the cantilever vibration amplitude, respectively. Qd* represents the apparent Q-factor in the

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• inversely proportional to the concentration of defects in the structure [34]. The D′-band (ca. 1620 cm−1) is also another defect-induced band which is assigned to the in-plane vibrations of the outer parts of the graphite domains [35][36]. It is typically observed for MWCNTs and intercalated graphite

• VACNTs also indicate the presence of a D′-band due to vibrations from the outer CNT walls. The Raman spectrum of activated carbon Norit R1 Extra is characterized by a broad D-band indicating the presence of different types of defects. Also notable is the near total absence of 2D band in Norit R1 Extra

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• attributed to the vibration of B–O ester bond at 1365 cm−1 confirms the boronate bonding between BA and SRA (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Besides, the stretching vibrations of C–H bonds at 3000–2800 cm−1 and the C–C aromatic bonds at 1525–1475 cm−1 as well as the deformational vibrations of

Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction

• Atindra Nath Pal,
• Tal Klein,
• Ayelet Vilan and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1471–1477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.138

• provide only a rough estimation for the conductance distribution. Coming back to the step direction analysis, the remaining conductance contribution (which is 1 G0 or slightly higher) is transmitted via one or more conduction channels that do not interact with molecular vibrations. Overall, the analysis

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• polymer brushes [31]). During this process, precise control of the pull-out velocity and the suppression of any vibrations are essential and determine the quality of the homogeneous areal density of the NPs, and thus, the related density of the pores later on. After drying of the micellar film, the

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• mixtures and a significant decrease of the band at 1286 cm−1 compared to pure BB. These bands correspond to stretching vibrations of C–O–C bonds. Similar results were obtained after the analysis of the 73 mol % mixture spectra recorded during the cooling cycle from isotropic phase (Figure S4, Supporting

• not particularly strong. In the absence of electronic arguments, we envisaged other intermolecular interactions that might promote smectic arrangement. Further analysis of the spectra of the mixture show that the bands of the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 units (νs(C−H)CH2 and

• pure BB (Figure 8b) follow the same trend as the spectra of 73 mol % mixture. The bands of CH2 vibrations shift toward higher frequencies. The spectra of CBI show different characteristics (Figure 8c). There is no shift of corresponding bands upon heating and only the bandwidth increases, which is in

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• to ultrasonic vibrations to decrease the aggregation, and deposited on a lacey carbon copper grid. TGA was performed using a Labsys EVO Setaram instrument. Approximately 5 mg of sample was weighed in an open alumina crucible and heated from 50 °C to 1000 °C in He flux (20 mL/min) with a heating rate

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• the materials when the derived surface serves as a source of surpassing scattering. The typical SERS spectra of R6G for 10−7 M and 10−6 M analyte concentrations show intensive stretching vibrations of carbon aromatic skeleton of the molecule at 1362(s), 1508(s), 1580(m), 1601(s), and 1650 (s) (Figure

• rather intense signal of the dye already at 10−8 M. The most intense SERS bands in the spectra were related to ν(C–C) stretching vibrations of the aromatic core and, namely, 1362(s), 1508(s), 1540(m), 1573(s), 1602(w), and 1650(s) cm−1 were observed to identify R6G. The bands in the lower Raman shift

• range were 1310(m) cm−1 (C–O–C stretching) and 1184(w), 1126(s), 990(w) cm−1, 777(m) cm−1 and 611(m) cm−1 corresponded to bending C–H vibrations in R6G [34]. These sharp peaks were less intensive in the spectra of R6G deposited onto mesoporous Ag blocks. Most likely, this results from better wettability

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• display a very similar carbon configuration for the 500 pA pillar (blue line) and the planar square deposit from Figure 1a (red line). In case of the pillar, the background shows more distinct molecular vibrations, most probably arising from residual precursor fragments. The ID/IG ratios of both deposits

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• different temperatures in the spectral range between 1640 and 1440 cm−1, where the bands characteristic of the internal vibrations within imine groups, thiazole and aromatic rings and alkyl chain occur. During the melting process, the positions of the IR bands assigned to the ν(HC=N)imine and ν(C=N)thiazole

Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films

• Daiki Katsube,
• Hayato Yamashita,
• Satoshi Abo and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 686–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.63

• electron diffraction (RHEED). Sample preparation and NC-AFM, STM and LEED measurements can be performed while keeping the sample under UHV. The PLD chamber was designed to be as small as possible for easy sample exchange and transfer. In addition, a small design would lead to smaller vibrations during AFM

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• been employed for functional group analysis and the obtained spectra are shown in Figure 2. For g-C3N4, the sharp band around 807 cm−1 arises due to the presence of heptazine rings; the peaks at 1228 cm−1 and 1310 cm−1 can be assigned to the stretching vibrations of trigonal C–N(–C)–C or bridging C–NH

• spectrum of CT nanoflakes shows three distinct peaks at 435 cm−1, 540 cm−1 and 1420 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of Ti–O, bridging stretching modes of Ti–O–Ti and bending vibration of CO32− ions which is consistent with the literature [43]. The FTIR spectrum of the CTCN heterojunction

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• intensity decreased due to anchoring of Fe3O4 nanoparticles at the defect sites. All the spectra are featured by the C=C aromatic double bond at 1667 cm−1 (V) and the C–C bond at 1447 cm−1 (VII). However, only hybrid aerogels exhibit C=O and C–O vibrations at 1723 cm−1 (IV) and 1205 cm−1 (VIII

• magnetite surface and CA/PDA coating, as well as lack of free -OH groups. Low frequency bands at 691 cm−1 (X), 626 cm−1 (XI) and 570 cm−1 (XII) are related to Fe–O vibrations in Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Interestingly, the C–N and N–H vibrations related to the presence of PDA, previously spotted on the spectrum

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• of hydroxy groups), 2893 cm−1 (C–H stretching), 1640 cm−1 (H–O–H bending of the absorbed water), 1431 cm−1 (–CH2 bending), 1369 cm−1 (O–H bending) and 1029 cm−1 (C–O–C stretching vibrations) [27]. In Figure 3b, pure PVA showed peaks at 3280 cm−1 (O–H stretching vibration of hydroxy group), 2914 cm−1

• (saturated CH2/CH3 groups, stretching vibration), 1714 cm−1 (C=O stretching), 1425 cm−1 (CH stretching) and 1083 cm−1 (C–O–C stretching vibrations) [28]. In Figure 3c, the characteristic peaks of GO, which are located at 1714 cm−1, 1586 cm−1 and 1031 cm−1, are due to C=O in carboxylic acid and carbonyl

• moieties, C–OH and C–O vibrations, respectively. As shown in the spectrum of rGO (Figure 3d), most peaks corresponding to the carbon–oxygen functional groups disappeared, which indicates the complete reduction of GO. Figure 3e shows the FTIR spectrum of the CNF/PVA/GO aerogel. Simultaneously, the

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• –540 cm−1 is due to stretching vibrations of M–O bonds (Zn-O and Fe-O). Electrochemical studies Linear-sweep voltammetry In order to know the photocurrent response of the prepared catalysts, linear-sweep voltammetry was carried out in the range of 0–1.1 V in 0.1 M Na2SO4 at a scan rate of 10 mV·s−1

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• samples. This method gives significant information about molecular vibrations. The technique involves the excitation of a sample with a monochromatic light source (i.e., laser) and collecting the scattered light. The Raman spectra of CNTs can be identified with the radial breathing mode (RBM), tangential

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• from 500 to 800 °C. Figure 3 shows the IR spectra of the original MM, TiO2-PMM500 and TiO2-PMMH500 samples as an example (because of their identity) of a TiO2-pillared material. Spectra of all the samples in the region 3700 to 2800 cm−1 feature bands due to stretching vibrations of the OH groups. In

• attributed, according to [31], to the isolated OH groups on the surface of TiO2.The absorption band at 1636 cm−1 in the region 1700 to 1500 cm−1 results from bending vibrations of the OH groups of adsorbed water molecules. Note that for all the samples of pillared materials the intensity of this band

• compared to the original MM increases due to the conservation of a larger amount of water molecules during the formation of TiO2, as noted previously in [32]. The intense band between 800 and 1200 cm−1 centered at about 1040 cm−1 corresponds to the Si–O stretching vibrations [30][33]. A change in its

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• File 1), the CDs show the obvious absorption peaks at 2925 cm−1, 1608 cm−1 and 670 cm−1 which are correlated to the stretching vibrations of C–H, stretching vibrations of C=O, and bending vibration of =C–H, respectively. The three obvious absorption peaks at 2368 cm−1, 1409 cm−1 and 1095 cm−1 are

• associated with the stretching and bending vibrations of C≡N, C=C and C−O−C, respectively. This result is consistent with previous reports [54][55]. Similar absorption bands were observed for all CD/g-C3N4 composites because the strong peaks from g-C3N4 covered the weak absorptions of CDs due to the low CD

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• assigned to the aliphatic CH group vibrations of different modes in CH, CH2 and CH3. After calcination from 550 °C to 850 °C, the absorption bands of PAN vanished due to decomposition and removal of the organic groups. The peak at 925 cm−1 was associated with Mo=O, while the prominent bands in the range of

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• main features in their FTIR spectra: a sharp low wavenumber peak at 769 cm−1 and a broad high wavenumber mode at 1359 cm−1 (spectra 1 and 3 in Figure 6), which correspond to out-of-plane B–N–B bending and in-plane B–N stretching vibrations, respectively [18][19]. The absorbance bands observed in the

• deformation vibrations of the O–B–O groups [25][26]. Thus, the results indicate the appearance of the B2O3 phase after the catalytic activity tests of the UV BN/Ag HNMs, being in agreement with the XPS data. In contrast, the O–B–O bands were not observed in CVD BN/Ag HNMs, hereby indicating that BN-shielded

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• cm−1 possibly originating from brookite (RRUFF ID: R50363.3), consistent with XRD. All FT-IR spectra exhibit a broad band centered at ca. 3300 cm−1, which can be assigned to the stretching vibrations of O–H groups from water and to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the N–H bonds