The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• (103.5 mM NaCl, 5.3 mM KCl, 5.6 mM Na2HPO4, 1.4 mM KH2PO4, 23.8 mM NaHCO3, pH 7.4), DMEM with or without 10% FCS, and the measurements were conducted at 25 °C by using 0.6 mg/mL ASP. Cell culture The colonic carcinoma cell line Caco-2 and the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 were obtained from

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• were used in study. First one is normal saline solution (sodium chloride (NaCl) 8000 mg/L, potassium chloride (KCl) 200 mg/L, sodium phosphate dibasic (Na2HPO4·7H2O)2, 160 mg/L, potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4) 100 mg/L) (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY). Another two oxygenated saline solutions

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• control to assess the viability of bacteria in saline during test period. In germinate and kill tests LB broth was prepared by adding 1 g tryptone plus 0.5 g yeast plus 265 mg NaCl to distilled water to prepare 10 mL LB broth in saline. All incubation experiments were performed in an incubator shaker at

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• 4 °C. The synaptosomal suspensions were used in experiments during 2–4 h after isolation. The standard salt solution was oxygenated and contained (in mM): NaCl 126; KCl 5; MgCl2 2.0; NaH2PO4 1.0; HEPES 20, pH 7.4; and D-glucose 10. Ca2+-supplemented medium contained 2 mM CaCl2. The Ca2+-free medium

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• (120 mL) was stirred at rt for 8 h. The resulting precipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate washed with 5% NaCl (300 mL) and dried with MgSO4. The organic phase was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate

STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces

• Amir A. Ahmad Zebari,
• Marek Kolmer and
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.104

• insulator (e.g., NaCl on metal surfaces [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] or KBr on InSb [14][15]) or even a single layer of an atomic or molecular species (e.g., passivation of Si or Ge surfaces [16][17][18][19]). Such an extremely thin interlayer not only electronically decouples on-top adsorbed molecular

Probing the plasmonic near-field by one- and two-photon excited surface enhanced Raman scattering

• Katrin Kneipp and
• Harald Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 834–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.94

• nanoaggreates described above (Figure 1). The concentration of the nanoaggregates was on the order of 10−10 M. A NaCl solution of 10−3 M concentration was added to the solution of the aggregates in order to achieve an optimum chemical SERS-enhancement. Each of the silver aggregates provides a total enhancement

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• in the melt and in the crystalline state are the high solubilities of NaCl or sugar in water and the low solubility of NaCl or sugar in ice. As a consequence of these different solubilities, it is expected that in multiphase nanoglasses, one will be able to obtain glassy solid solutions of components

Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy of sparsely labeled tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament desmin

• Alexander Harder,
• Mareike Dieding,
• Volker Walhorn,
• Sven Degenhard,
• Andreas Brodehl,
• Christina Wege,
• Hendrik Milting and
• Dario Anselmetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 510–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.60

• assembly buffer (200 mM NaCl, 45 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7) to a desmin solution with a concentration of 0.55g/L and incubated for one hour at 37 °C. TMV particles are isolated from systemically infected Nicotiana tabacum 'Samsun' nn plants according to Gooding and Hebert [35]. A TMV mutant, which presents a

Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 345–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.40

• % suspension of TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 of nanoparticles were prepared in 0.8 M NaCl. Characterization of TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles The XRD scan of the nanoparticles was performed on a Tecnai 20 G2 X-ray diffractometer by using Cu Kα radiation (FEI). The samples were scanned over a range of 5–70

Nanoscopic surfactant behavior of the porin MspA in aqueous media

• Ayomi S. Perera,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 278–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.30

• Supporting Information File 1. PBS consists of 8.0 g NaCl, 0.20 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4 and 0.24 g KH2PO4 in 1 L H2O, pH 7.40. Geometric calculations based on the crystal structure of MspA [2]. TEM of vesicles formed from MspA on a carbon-coated 200-mesh copper grid. A: MspA vesicles formed in (5 × 10−5)× PBS

Electrospinning preparation and electrical and biological properties of ferrocene/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) composite nanofibers

• Ji-Hong Chai and
• Qing-Sheng Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 189–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.19

• about 10 mm. Culture medium was prepared by mixing 3 g beef extract, 10 g peptone, 5 g NaCl, 16 g agar, and distilled water. After the activation, bacteria were inoculated and cultured in nutrient agar plate at 37 °C. For each bacterial suspension 100 µL was measured and evenly spread onto the

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• . fabricated pure Bi nanowires using an electrolyte consisting of 0.2 M BiCl3, 0.3 M tartaric acid, 0.2 M NaCl, 1.3 M HCl, and 100 g/L glycerol, in most cases potentiostatically, but also using reverse-pulse deposition in a two-electrode arrangement [56]. The thin Au layer acted as cathode and a Bi rod as

Growth behaviour and mechanical properties of PLL/HA multilayer films studied by AFM

• Cagri Üzüm,
• Johannes Hellwig,
• Narayanan Madaboosi,
• Dmitry Volodkin and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.87

• each solution followed by multiple rinsing with pure water. The film build-up was pursued at 25 °C by alternating dipping of the glass slides into PLL and HA solutions (0.5 mg/mL in 10 mM Tris-buffer containing 15 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) over 10 min with an intermediate washing step with the buffer (10 min

• ). As with the precursor layer, PEI was adsorbed under the same conditions as other polymers. Before use, polyelectrolyte solutions were filtered through a 0.22 μm filter. The films were stored in Tris-buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl at 4 °C and never allowed to dry during the measurements. Microsphere

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• mixed with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4, 0.24 g KH2PO4 in 1 L of distilled water) by a vortex mixer until the cells were homogeneously dispersed. The suspension was centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant discarded. These steps were repeated

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• sample surface. Force fields have now been recorded on NiO(001) [10][12][13], MgO/Ag(001) [14], NaCl(001) [15][16], Si(111)-(7×7) [17][18][19], HOPG [20][21], KBr(001) [9][22][23], Cu(111) [24], and CaCO3() [25] surfaces, as well as single molecules of PTCDA [26][27], pentacene [28], CO [29], C60 [30

• well-characterized tips on the ionic surface of NaCl(001) have been shown to unambiguously coincide with surface anions, facilitating atomic-scale chemical identification. Tip elasticity In addition to drift and piezo effects, the accuracy with which a numerical value, obtained through two- or three

• surface and stays constant until the plane of closest approach is reached, which is a direct consequence of (c). Additionally, Kawai et al. [16] and Fremy et al. [23] performed drift/creep-corrected three-dimensional force-field-spectroscopy experiments using atom-tracking, on NaCl(001) and KBr(001

Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores

• Thomas D. Lazzara,
• K. H. Aaron Lau,
• Wolfgang Knoll,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Claudia Steinem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.54

• Calbiochem (purity 12.9 units/mg). Biotinylated-bovine serum albumin (b-BSA) with 13 mol biotin/mol albumin, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) (Mw = 70 kDa), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) PAH (Mw = 50–65 kDa), CuCl2, NaCl, and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (90%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St

• -filling buffer. Recursively applying Equation 3 and Equation 4 for the organic-filled AAO pores, using a new effective ε′pore for the pore interior, provides εAAO after molecular adsorption. Protein and linear-PE LbL experiments Avidin was dissolved in phosphate buffer (20 mM NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, 100 mM NaCl

• , pH = 7) to obtain 0.1 mg/mL solutions. The b-BSA solutions were similarly prepared with 0.1 mg/mL concentrations. PSS and PAH solutions were prepared with 0.1 mg/mL concentrations using 500 mM NaCl in deionized water. For both macromolecules, higher ionic strengths than required were used to

Models of the interaction of metal tips with insulating surfaces

• Thomas Trevethan,
• Matthew Watkins and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 329–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.37

• atomic resolution. Chromium and tungsten tips are used to image the NaCl(001) and MgO(001) surfaces. The interaction of the tips with the surface is simulated by using density-functional-theory calculations employing a mixed Gaussian and plane-wave basis and cluster-tip models. In each case, the apex of

• with the NaCl surface, with calculations employing exclusively plane-wave basis sets and a fully periodic tip model, and demonstrate that the electronic structure of the tip model employed can have a significant quantitative effect on calculated forces when the tip and surface are clearly separated

• localization and reconfiguration and a tip apex that is not truly metallic. It has been demonstrated that a chromium-coated tip is capable of imaging the bulk NaCl(001) surface with atomic resolution, at relatively large tip–surface separations (i.e., >5 Å), reducing the potential for the tip to become

Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM

• Fabien Castanié,
• Laurent Nony,
• Sébastien Gauthier and
• Xavier Bouju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 301–311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.34

• [16][17], MgO [18][19][20], NaCl [21][22][23][24][25], CaCO3 [26], TiO2 [27][28][29], NiO [30], KBr [21][31][32][33][34][35], CaF2 [36], and graphite [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] to mention just a few. Moreover, from monolayer to single molecules, submolecular resolution has been obtained on

• various molecular systems [3][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Recently, impressive results were shown with single pentacene C22H14 and C16H10N2O2 molecules adsorbed on a thin NaCl film deposited on a Cu(111) surface [52][53]. These breakthroughs were possible with a

Dipole-driven self-organization of zwitterionic molecules on alkali halide surfaces

• Laurent Nony,
• Franck Bocquet,
• Franck Para,
• Frédéric Chérioux,
• Eric Duverger,
• Frank Palmino,
• Vincent Luzet and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 285–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.32

• zwitterionic molecules on ionic-crystal (100) template surfaces. The crystals chosen (NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and KBr) all show the same structure (face-centered cubic, or rock salt) and thus provide an identical quadratic pattern of alternating electric charges on the surface, but with a different lattice constant

• the NaCl, RbCl, and KBr substrates, which present significantly different lattice constants compared to KCl (Table 1). As can be seen from the values of the measured MSPS lattice constant cmsps,exp in Table 1, for the substrates KCl, RbCl, and KBr, all measured cmsps,exp are within ±1% error of 5.15 Å

• . The fact that no large-scale ordering is found for NaCl will be discussed below. In order to answer the second question of whether the orientation of the organic overlayer is determined by a pure topographic effect of the quadratic substrate lattice or if it is the lines of equal charges on the ionic

Forming nanoparticles of water-soluble ionic molecules and embedding them into polymer and glass substrates

• Stella Kiel,
• Olga Grinberg,
• Nina Perkas,
• Jerome Charmet,
• Herbert Kepner and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 267–276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.30

• des Microtechnologies Appliquées, Eplatures-Grises, 1 7, 2300 La Chaux-de Fonds, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.3.30 Abstract This work describes a general method for the preparation of salt nanoparticles (NPs) made from an aqueous solution of ionic compounds (NaCl, CuSO4 and KI). These nanoparticles

• . One of these methods is chemical bonding. For example, the cross-linking process was used for the embedding of NaCl nanocrystals into polymers containing unsaturated double bonds [1][2]. Some other methods were developed for the coating of polymers with nanocrystals of NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4

• surface and subsequent drying. The single NaCl nanocrystals in the range of 100–150 nm were prepared by immersion of a concave-patterned polystyrene film in aqueous NaCl solution, which was then lifted out of the solution slowly [4]. A new synthesis route was developed by Malfatti et al. for the formation

An NC-AFM and KPFM study of the adsorption of a triphenylene derivative on KBr(001)

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Adeline Pujol,
• Florian Chaumeton,
• David Martrou,
• André Gourdon and
• Sébastien Gauthier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 221–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.25

• room for progress as shown by the impressive submolecular resolution that has been demonstrated in recent works on the adsorption of pentacene [14] or decastarphene [15] molecules on Cu(111) and on a NaCl(001) bilayer on Cu(111). During the same period, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has been

Molecular-resolution imaging of pentacene on KCl(001)

• Julia L. Neff,
• Jan Götzen,
• Enhui Li,
• Michael Marz and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 186–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.20

• shows a different tilting angle. On alkali halides, diffraction measurements and ambient SFM measurements of thick pentacene films show similar phases [30][31][32][33][34]. Single flat-lying molecules on ultrathin NaCl films on Cu(111) have been examined by SFM with unprecedented resolution with the aid

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• preparation method, a tetraethoxysilane solution mixed with aluminum chloride (AlCl3·6H2O) aqueous solution is pH adjusted to 5.0 giving the resulting solution of 2.4 mM of Al and 1.4 mM of Si. The pH adjusted solution is heated under reflux at 369 K for 120 h and gelated by NaCl solution at room temperature

Platinum nanoparticles from size adjusted functional colloidal particles generated by a seeded emulsion polymerization process

• Nicolas Vogel,
• Ulrich Ziener,
• Achim Manzke,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Clemens K. Weiss and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 459–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.50

• (0.05 wt %) did not affect the polymerization, the addition of 0.1 wt % of NaCl induced an increase in final particle size almost to the theoretical value. NaCl concentrations beyond this value interfered with electrostatic stabilization and led to irregularly shaped particles and partial aggregation