Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• tip radius below 10 nm) with a resonant frequency of 312 kHz. To confirm the layer number of the NSs, micro-Raman spectroscopy was performed using a 473 nm laser at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific K-alpha

• SEM (Figure 5c) and Raman spectroscopy (not shown as it is identical to the as-grown NSs). It was thus confirmed that they are of similar quality to that of as-grown NSs. The Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) equation [28] was modified for a cathode with nanometric field emitters as follows: E = U/d, where U is

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• 72.2° is in good agreement with the theoretical value between (200) and (110) planes of monoclinic TiO2(B). The phase composition of samples TGN and TGN-branch 4 h was further investigated by Raman spectroscopy (Figure 4). The Raman peaks observed over the 100–1000 cm−1 range can be attributed to the

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

• Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Jiawei Zhang,
• Chahinez Dab,
• Gregory Q. Wallace,
• François Lagugné-Labarthet and
• Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

• analysis with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy [3][4][5]. This method has been applied to various fields of research such as plasmonic analysis [6][7], Raman spectroscopy (tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, TERS) [8][9], or infrared analysis [10]. In this microscopy technique, a laser

• [23]. The resulting local melting reveals the hot spots, but at the cost of the sample destruction. Other methods use surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [28][29]. In these cases, a Raman active molecule is deposited on the surface of the sample. Its Raman signal is only visible on the hot

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• . LCSM images of all deposits are presented in Supporting Information File 1. Material deposited at 26 °C does not display any signs of cracking (Figure 2b,c), but is susceptible to laser-induced heating damage (see Raman spectroscopy discussion in Supporting Information File 1). The decrease in

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• force microscopy combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to enable trapping and chemical characterization of individual metallic nanoparticles [38]. Although not done in the present study, a combined approach using our methods and those of Kong et al. may be a powerful tool for dynamic

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• precursor shows the first evidence for conductivity of the deposits without post-treatment in case of copper [2][10]. For a better understanding of the material configuration and change during deposition, Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed on the precursor before deposition as well as on the

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• intensity ratio of the D to G-band can be employed to evaluate the structure disorder of carbon materials [30][31]. Thus, the Raman spectroscopy analysis of HACC-rGO suggests that there exist some structural defects in HACC-rGO. Particularly, the resulting HACC-rGO disperses well in aqueous solutions, and

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [8][9], Raman spectroscopy [10], and UV–vis absorption spectra [11][12], reflect the average information of rGO materials. However, they cannot characterize an isolated rGO sheet at the nanoscale. Optical observation [13] and transmission electron

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• of the RA SAM, even at room temperature. Additionally, photo-assisted electrical force microscopy, photo-assisted scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate a RA-induced graphene doping and photo-charge generation. Finally, the optical excitation of the RA monolayer generates

• potential histograms in dark from a pristine graphite microplate surface (G) – green line – and a thick amorphous retinoic acid layer (a-RA) – orange line – are also shown. Raman spectroscopy data. Raman spectra obtained from the same region of a graphene monolayer before (black) and after (blue) deposition

• photoelectrical characterization may shed some light on the dominant mechanisms. Finally, the charge transfer within the graphene/RA hybrid has also been investigated via Raman scattering experiments. Monolayer graphene, instead of graphite microplate, was chosen for this analysis due to the sensitivity of Raman

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• detected with a hemispherical electron energy analyzer (SPECS PHOIBOS 150) with TOA = 50°. This configuration gives an information depth of ≈1.5 nm [43]. Raman spectroscopy was performed on samples prepared in the same manner as for SEM. Spectra were recorded using a Witec alpha300M confocal Raman

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• (meldonium; enhancement factor of ≈102) that is known for its ability to increase the endurance performance of athletes. Keywords: meldonium; mesoporous silver substrates; silver oxide; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Nowadays one of the largest sectors of the global chemical industry is

•  4b) [33]. The enhancement factor (EF) for the system was calculated as described according to the standard equation, namely, where ISERS and IRS are the corresponding SERS and Raman spectroscopy signal intensities and nSERS and nRS are the molar quantities of R6G in SERS and Raman experiments. As

• Foundation of Basic Research and Department of Science, Industrial Policy and Entrepreneurship of Moscow Government (15-33-70050-mol_a_mos) and Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development. The XRD and Raman spectroscopy experiments were performed using equipment of the Collective Scientific

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• software Gwyddion 2.49. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was performed using an upright ND-MDT NTEGRA Raman microscope featuring a laser source with a wavelength of 532 nm and a 100× objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.95. Spectra were recorded at a spectral resolution of 2.7 cm−1 with 5 s exposure

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• ). Characterization The MLG and FLG material was characterized by Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw at 514 nm) and the AFM measurements were performed on a MultiMode V AFM (Veeco) in tapping mode under ambient conditions. RTESP silicon probes (Veeco) were used with a nominal tip radius of 10 nm and nominal spring constant

• 30 kV). In addition, FLG-polymer A and E were characterized by Raman Spectroscopy (JY T6400 at 514 nm) and SEM (Zeiss Ultra-Plus at 3 kV, EsB grid at 503 V). a) Raman spectra of MLG (ca. 10 layers, lower) and FLG (1–6 layers, upper) – both at 514 nm. b) Helium ion microscope (HeIM) overview of FLG, c

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• [15]. Therefore, the origin of these signals is most probable due to heavy ion adsorption. However, due to a lack of reference information, it is the only speculation on the origin of appearing new signals. Raman spectroscopy After every step (synthesis, surface modification, and heavy metal

• attachment) powdered samples of nanoparticles were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy giving additional information to IR spectroscopy. In Figure 5 selected spectra are presented. The Raman spectra show a set of peaks that are typical for inorganic cores (magnetite, maghemite/hematite) with accordingly

• adsorption was reported previously [15]. Figure 5C shows the modulation of Raman spectra by different compounds at the surface. A number of additional bands seen in case of PA are due to its specific chemical structure (Table 3). Considering all above-mentioned findings, Raman spectroscopy confirms the

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• . Keywords: adsorption; doping; graphene; pressure; Raman spectroscopy; substrate; Introduction Graphene is a promising material for a variety of applications due to its unique physical properties [1]. Among its other outstanding features, one can distinguish its strong sensitivity to adsorbates, leading to

• adsorption properties of supported graphene. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool for studying graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials [9][10][11][12]. Several different parameters of graphene’s Raman spectra are affected by charge carrier density variations, such as the G and 2D peak positions and the

• Raman spectroscopy is a convenient tool for probing atmosphere-induced doping in graphene. Low-pressure behavior of adsorbates present on the graphene surface and concomitant charge carrier properties strongly depend on the substrate material, as well as graphene doping and number of layers. These

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• nanoparticles are present in agglomerated form. The vibrational properties of the prepared aerogel samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The typical rGO spectrum is featured by the presence of four main vibrational modes, namely: D, G, 2D and D+G (D+D’) [43]. In graphite-like materials, the G mode is

• , NovaNanoSEM 650). The diameter distribution of magnetite nanoparticles was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Jeol, 1400, 120 kV). The vibrational properties of the investigated samples were examined by micro-Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, inVia Raman microscope) operating at λ = 785 nm

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best improvement in mechanical properties was achieved on a sample treated with an aqueous solution of AA and subsequent irradiation. CNT yarn treatment with AA enhanced the strength (444.5

• composed of angled graphite sheets. In addition, VGCFs are different from CNTs in the method of production and they have few functional groups at the edges [35]. CNT yarns functionalized with AN and AA irradiated at 108 kGy Raman spectroscopy is a useful method to investigate the covalent sidewall

• to 21.5 ± 0.65 GPa. Deconvoluted XPS C 1s spectra of (a) pristine MWNT, (b) MWNT soaked in aqueous solution of 20% AN without irradiation, and (c) MWNT soaked in aqueous solution of 20% AN and irradiated at 27 kGy (c). Raman spectroscopy results for CNT yarn treated with aqueous solutions of 80% AN

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• characterized by means of UV–vis, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The optical performance showed an outstanding ability for imaging purposes, with quantum yields up to 43.6%. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the above

• compounds present in the spices will partially remain inside or at the surface of the C-dots after the hydrothermal process, leading to different photoluminescent and biomedical properties. The synthesized C-dots have been extensively characterized with UV–vis, fluorescence, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, DLS

• (PanAnalytical B.V, EA Almelo, The Netherlands) and Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm), and the samples were prepared on a Si substrate. Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed in Witec Alpha 300R confocal Raman Microscopy system with a 50× objective (WITec Wissenschaftliche Instrumente and Technologie GmbH

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• previous studies [19][29], which is in agreement with the SEM results. FTIR can only be used to detect signals from molecules with infrared activity. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy analysis was studied to detect the stretching vibration characteristic peak of homonuclear diatomic pairs. The Raman spectrum

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• ]) effects on the application and quality of composites. For this aim, many techniques have been developed such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Raman spectroscopy: Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to identify and quantify

• alignment direction, and 90° related to the laser light polarization direction where it is perpendicular to the CNT alignment direction). As indicated in the graph, the ratio of the G-mode to the D-mode (R) has increased [142]. The composites analyzed by Raman spectroscopy typically have very strong CNT

• signals that mask the signals of other organic components. In such cases, tunable UV Raman spectroscopy may be used, although this technique is rarely used. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: FTIR is often used to characterize molecular bonding on the CNT surface and to determine the modification of

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• Hummers’ method and investigated by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. HAPG was used as a graphite precursor because its surface after cleavage contains well-ordered millimeter-sized regions. The treatment resulted in graphite intercalation by sulfuric acid and blister formation all over the

• and hydrogen peroxide solution, the surface became gray and matte, which indicated a significant change in the surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy of the HAPG surface before and after the treatment Raman spectra, recorded from the ordered regions on the HAPG surface before and after the treatment

• Figure 5. The proposed mechanism may significantly influence the kinetics of pyrolytic graphite intercalation. Since molecules and ions diffuse through the system of pre-existing defects, the intercalation process can be reversible. The experimental data obtained in [20] by Raman spectroscopy proved that

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• using an electrospinning technique followed by calcination, using sol–gel precursors and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a processing aid. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET

• known to be active in numerous reactions associated with noble metals, such as CO2 hydrogenation, water gas shift, alcohol synthesis and hydrazine decomposition. Here, CH4/H2 atmosphere was not used during calcination, which was much safer and facile when compared to other methods [27]. Raman

• spectroscopy is a very useful tool for the characterization of carbon-based nanostructures. The Raman spectra of the products excited with a 532 nm laser line are shown in Figure 1b. Two characteristic peaks at around 1355 and 1580 cm−1 correspond to disordered carbon (D-band) and graphite carbon (G-band

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• utilized toward the development of cutting-edge hybrid nanostructures. For example, BN/noble metal (Pt, Au, Ag) hybrid nanomaterials are envisaged to be the promising components of highly active catalysts, drug delivery systems, molecular probe sensors, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy techniques, and

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• . Raman spectroscopy was performed with an upright ND-MDT NTEGRA Raman microscope featuring a laser source with a wavelength of 532 nm and a 100× objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.90. The acquisition time of 1–5 s was enough to record the surface enhanced Raman signal from the silver deposits