Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• -PCN were investigated via UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. Figure 8a shows the Kubelka–Munk function curves of the fabricated materials. The bandgap is 2.78 and 2.77 eV for PCN and Cl-PCN, respectively, indicating that the Cl-doping had no

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• absorption in the UV–vis range. Hence, these nanoparticles can be applied as excellent PTAs. The PCE of PTAs is directly related to the light absorption capacity. For plasmon nanoparticles, their absorption will be significantly enhanced when the illumination laser wavelength is equal to their LSPR

• in all experiments. Instruments The absorption spectra were measured on a UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer (UV-8000A, 190–1200 nm, Metash, China). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, morphology, and size of nanoparticles were obtained with a transmission electron microscope (JEOL 2100F, 200 kV

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• effect of light irradiation on AgNPs with spherical and cubic morphologies under ambient conditions. They confirmed that light wavelengths below 495 nm, corresponding to the UV/blue part of the electromagnetic spectrum, were mainly responsible for their photo-transformation [52]. In both the cases, the

• experimentally analyzed by UV–vis extinction spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rate of photo-oxidation in spherical AgNPs was homogeneous and surprisingly inhomogeneous in the case of cubic AgNPs, which was attributed to the difference in morphology. The noticeable formation of small NPs

• , UV–vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), dynamic light scattering (DLS), among other techniques [33]. The basic principles of the techniques mentioned here are detailed in the following sections. Each AgNPs is unique, depending on its size, state of

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• +90°. Therefore, the dynamic focusing with tilt angle was successfully used. The thickness was measured by the cross-section technique of the SEM analysis, with a margin of error of ±5% (2–5 nm) compared to a standard 100 nm thick sample. Optical transmission spectra were acquired using a UV–vis–NIR

• Perkin-Elmer Lambda 950 Spectrophotometer, with a measuring range between 190 and 2500 nm, and a wavelength accuracy of 0.08 nm in UV–vis and 0.3 nm in the NIR band, respectively. Results The X-ray diffraction analysis of oxide samples was performed in the angle range of 25–80 degrees (Figure 1). This

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• concentration of 10 µg/mL and were stirred overnight in the dark at room temperature. Excess drug was removed by centrifugation at 12,000g for 10 min and the pellet was re-dispersed in 2 mL deionized water. UV–vis spectra of DOX-loaded GNRs were scanned at a wavelength range of 400–1100 nm. The surface charge

• analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy. In vitro drug release by NIR exposure NIR-triggered drug release from PSS-GNRs was measured in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 5.6 at 37 °C). A continuous-wave 808 nm NIR laser (Ti-Sapphire, Spectra Physics CA 95054, USA) was used. DOX-PSS-GNRs (40 µg/mL, 2 mL

• GNRs. (c) UV–vis absorption spectrum of bare GNRs, PSS-coated GNRs and DOX-loaded PSS-GNRs. (d) Zeta potential of CTAB-coated GNRs, PSS-GNRs and DOX-PSS-GNRs. PSS-GNRs before and after 808 nm laser exposure, the LSPR peak shifted about 4 nm. In vitro DOX release profile from PSS-GNRs. (a) NIR-triggered

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• pristine AgNPs, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). DLS gave a Z-average hydrodynamic size of 33.7 ± 0.7 nm (mean ± standard deviation) and a PDI (polydispersity index) of

• -AgNPs). UV–vis spectra exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 390 nm for Ag (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b). TEM imaging of the AgNP stock indicated a mean core size of 16.9 ± 0.3 nm and confirmed a spherical shape of NPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1c and Figure S1d

• after 24 h was measured and the results are presented in Figure 2. A decrease in the UV–vis absorbance was observed for all concentrations. A small redshift and a broadening of the Ag peak, especially for the 1000 µg·L−1 PVP-AgNP concentration was observed after 24 h of exposure. The values of full

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• . Cleaning of the Au surfaces was achieved with an UV/ozone-cleaner (FHR Anlagenbau GmbH, UVOH 150 LAB) and subsequent immersing in absolute ethanol (AnalaR NORMAPUR, VWR Chemicals). The SAMs were prepared by immersion of the cleaned Au substrate into a solution (approx. 10 mM) of 4′-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-4

• ) using distilled water. The OD was measured at 589 nm using a UV–vis spectrometer (Lambda 35, Perkin Elmer). Sample preparation Drop casting: PM solutions of different volumes and concentrations were dripped onto the CNM substrates and incubated for different periods. Drying was prevented by putting the

• polarization modulator unit. Further SEM images were recorded using a Vega W-REM from Tescan. UV–vis data was further processed and evaluated using NanoScope Analysis 1.90 (Build R1.135067, Bruker Corporation, ibid.), ImageJ 1.51j8 (National Institutes of Health, USA) and Gwyddion 2.47. Graphs were plotted

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• tip (T)) interact in a medium (m) is defined by the difference in the dielectric responses. The Hamaker coefficient AHam can be derived from the relative differences of the dielectric constant εS(f), εT(f), and εm(f), summed up over all the frequencies at which the fluctuations can occur (UV–vis–IR

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• environment of the lattice atoms and defects. With the aid of advanced characterization techniques one may get valuable information on site symmetry, atomic bonding, and, in particular, on the bandgap energy of semiconductors. Raman, photoluminescence (PL), UV–vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR

• ]. Indeed, this emission has nothing to do with the defects. In semiconductors; one may obtain a hint about the value of Eg. For instance, for bulk ZnO, the emission due to the e–h recombination appears in the UV region around 380 nm, which corresponds to ca. 3.2 eV. Hence, this emission is also called near

• , one may at least separate the surface and core defects safely. There are other useful characterization techniques, such as UV–vis spectroscopy, with which one may correlate the size effects and defect concentrations with the change in Eg. This is sometimes called bandgap engineering or tuning of the

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• from a material under electron bombardment. Ionoluminescence (IL) describes the equivalent phenomenon in HIM when free electrons in the sample are excited by the bombardment of the sample by helium ions and emit photons in the range from near-IR to near-UV [3][21][22][23]. IL spectra as well as the

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• . The photoexcited electrons and the presence of holes result in the oxidization of organic dyes via a free-radical mechanism. However, TiO2 is a wide-bandgap semiconductor (3.0–3.3 eV), which can only absorb UV light and it easily undergoes electron–hole recombination [11]. To circumvent this problem

• . Therefore, in this study we report on the growth of mesoporous SiO2@NiPS and titania-coated mSiO2@NiPS (mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2) core–shell nanostructures using a simple deposition-precipitation method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 physisorption analysis, diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy

• functionality of nanomaterials greatly influence their photoactivity. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a useful technique for probing the optoelectronic properties, band structure and molecular energy levels of semiconductors. It gives relevant information on the optical activity of nanomaterials as

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• -fabricated metal carboxylates as metal precursors. To the best of our knowledge, the synthesized particles are the smallest BiFeO3 particles ever prepared by any method. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

• analyze the BiFeO3 nanomaterial are powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–visible reflectance spectroscopy. Furthermore, we investigated the photocatalytic efficiency of this nanomaterial under visible light in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) as a model

• electron microscope (TEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the nanoscale materials were recorded using a Jasco FT IR-4700 spectrometer. Bandgap information was obtained using the spectra recorded in a Perkin Elmer UV–vis spectrometer with an integrating sphere. Spectra were suitably

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• stored overnight at 4 °C. The different DOX-loaded formulations were centrifugated 3–5 times for separating unencapsulated drugs. The supernatant liquid was stored for measuring the absorbance at 480 nm by UV–vis spectroscopy according to the preestablished standard curve. The drug loading efficiency (LE

• , the same volume of fresh PBS was supplied in the release medium. The concentration of released DOX in all samples was determined by measuring the UV absorbance. The cumulative release rate of DOX was calculated and the measurements were repeated for three times, averaging the results. Cell viability

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• the basis of a comparative study of the role of material-related factors in the FIB-induced surface patterning. PMMA and PC polymers are especially interesting for many reasons: PMMA is widely used as a positive resist for X-ray, deep UV [8], electron and ion-beam lithography [9]. Structural

A self-powered, flexible ultra-thin Si/ZnO nanowire photodetector as full-spectrum optical sensor and pyroelectric nanogenerator

• Liang Chen,
• Jianqi Dong,
• Miao He and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1623–1630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.145

• systematically analyzed. The self-powered PDs exhibit high responsivity (1200 mA/W), high detectivity (1013 Jones) and fast response (τr = 18 μs, τf = 25 μs) under UV illumination. High and stable short-circuit output currents at each wavelength from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) demonstrates that the

• wide bandgap (3.2 eV), which absorbs UV light and can be easily prepared [11][12]. A pyroelectric potential will be generated in ZnO when the temperature changes upon illumination. The internal electric field can effectively drive the flow of electrons through an external circuit, yielding a short

• carefully investigated and systematically analyzed. Also, the impact of the periodic frequency of the illumination and the optical power density on the short-circuit current and performance of PDs is analyzed carefully. This self-powered PDs show a full-spectrum response range from UV (325 nm) to near

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical absorption decreased and the optical energy gap of α-Ag2S increased from 1.5 to 2 eV after the CTAB surfactant was added to the Tu solution. XRD studies revealed that the synthesized Ag2S NPs were polycrystalline

• the ablation process. The vessel was covered with a thin glass slide to prevent the vapor from reaching the laser focusing lens. The optical absorbance of the colloidal Ag2S NPs was measured by using a UV–vis double-beam spectrophotometer (Lambda 750, Perkin Elmer). The thiourea solution was used as

• observed at 125, 484 and 730 cm−1. Figure 5a shows the effect of adding CTAB on the UV–vis absorption spectrum of colloidal Ag2S NPs. The optical absorption was measured immediately after laser ablation. The addition of the cationic surfactant CTAB to the Tu solution led to a decrease in the optical

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

• Mingliang Yao,
• Guangzhong Xie,
• Qichen Gong and
• Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

• excellent performance, which can be used as motion [35][36][37] and temperature sensors [38][39], UV detectors [40], tactile sensors [41][42][43], sensors for healthcare [44][45][46][47], humidity sensors, and gas sensors [48][49][50][51], for example. In this work, a flexible undulated electrode-based

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• through UV–vis absorption of 4-NPh. Likewise, it was shown that the surface basicity increases with decreasing nanoparticle size. The presence of CuCO3 on the surface of Cu2O, identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), passivates its surface and consequently diminishes the degradation of MP

• bacteria are used for the degradation of MP, whereas photocatalytic degradation needs photons in the form of UV light and chemical degradation utilizes chemical species, such as copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) NPs in this work. Cu2O is widely known for its photocatalytic activity [29][30][31][32][33]. However

• does not represent the concentration of NPs because they are made up of different amounts of Cu2O. When the reactions were over, the NPs were separated by centrifugation. This was done also before each UV–vis absorption and NMR measurement. Degradation of MP with bulk Cu2O was also tested, giving

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• characterizing a family of pyridin-4-ylethynyl-functionalized pyrene derivatives in different environments. UV–vis measurements in toluene solutions revealed absorption at wavelengths consistent with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, while emission experiments showed a high fluorescence quantum yield

• allows the determination of the electronic properties of the pyrene adsorbates by STM and STS", and the comparison with the gaps estimated by theoretical simulations in vacuum and by UV-vis spectroscopies in solution. Remarkably, the electronic states of the pyrene adsorbates near the Fermi level, probed

• . Furthermore, the agreement between the gas-phase calculations and STM data indicated that no charging occurred upon pyrene adsorption on hBN/Cu(111) [37]. To complement the on-surface investigations, we measured the optical gap by means of UV–vis spectroscopic characterization in solution (toluene) of the

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• NPs has been directed towards water disinfection, food packaging in addition to their known use as a UV filter to prevent skin cancer [114]. Lopez de Dicastillo et al. (2019) developed hollow TiO2 nanotubes and nanospheres with high antimicrobial activity through the combination of electrospinning and

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• ascribed to the occurrence of redox reactions in which chloride is oxidized to chlorine and the Mn(III) center of the porphyrin moiety is reduced to Mn(II). The resulting Mn(II) porphyrin products were identified by UV–vis analysis of the liquid phase. For solutions of Mn(III) porphyrins with non-redox

• supernatant solution. To investigate changes in supernatant composition during the STM experiments, ex situ UV–vis spectroscopy measurements were carried out. UV–vis spectra of supernatant solutions from different experiments in the modified STM setup using MnTUPCl and MnTUPOAc are depicted in Figure 3. The

• unsealed test tube next to the STM setup for the same four days. All used concentrations were 1 × 10−4 M. The UV–vis spectra of the sample and reference solutions of MnTUPOAc (Figure 3b) are nearly identical, showing the characteristic strong Soret band at 481 nm and Q-bands at 604 and 640 nm. In contrast

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He⁺ beam direct writing

• Rosa Córdoba,
• Alfonso Ibarra,
• Dominique Mailly,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

• -patterned Ti pads (150 nm in thickness) to prevent charge effects on the insulator layer (250 nm thick of SiO2) thermally grown on a silicon wafer [23]. These chips were fabricated following a routine recipe for UV optical lithography using a lift-off method. For the electron tomography and (HR)STEM

• Information File 120: Electron tomography_transversal section_hollow NW grown at 7 pA and 1.009 nC. Acknowledgements The authors highly acknowledge Rubén Valero for the UV lithography process. The microscopy works have been conducted in the “Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas” at “Instituto de Nanociencia

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) (Princeton Instruments PIXIS 100BR eXcelon/UV) [28][47][48]. The experimental setup is described in detail in [28]. The DRS signal is defined as: where R(E, 0) and R(E, d) are the reflectance spectra of the bare substrate and the DBP covered substrate

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• obtain homogeneous Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites with a high yield. The prepared compounds were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The cell viability upon exposure to the splat-shaped Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites was evaluated by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The antimicrobial

• spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet IS50) was used to measure the infrared spectra. To detect the absorption profile of the prepared samples, the UV–vis spectroscopy technique was used. In vitro cytotoxicity The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Human colon

• bonds [9]. The UV spectra of the Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite and pure TiO2 NPs shows the optical properties of these materials (Figure 3b). The absorption wavelength corresponding to pure TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites was ≈300 nm and this value was in accordance with the reported literature [7]. The