Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• pass) of 1 cm. The MB dissolution was recirculated using a peristaltic pump to a standard quartz cuvette where the absorbance at 638 nm was measured in situ. In a typical experiment, a fixed ratio of 12.5:1 (volume/area) was used for all the samples while a potential bias of 1 V/(Ag|AgCl) was applied

• pump to recirculate it to the PEC cell using a volume of 12.5 mL. At the end of the PEC treatment, the absorbance of the solution was analyzed using an UV–vis spectrometer (Optizen, model Pop). Raman spectra were recorded for these solutions with a Horiba Jobim-Yvon instrument (model Xplora ONE

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• speed of light in vacuum, A is the absorbance, εb is the binding energy [eV/atom], and Ji is the ionization potential. The threshold fluence for the creation of the ENZ state is calculated for full ionization, i.e., with the bandgap energy Δg in Equation 3 instead of (εb + Ji). For water, Δg = 9.5 eV

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• . This sample was subsequently chosen for theoretical calculations. Simulations of electromagnetic field propagation through the produced samples were performed using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. The calculated absorbance, as a result of the FDTD simulation shows a quite good

• frequency domain, which in turn gives results of the properties in a wide-range frequency spectrum, e.g., absorbance and transmittance of the sample, which could be directly compared to results from UV–vis measurements. The combination of experimental and computational methods in the design of materials or

• efficient diffusion barrier against metal atoms [24], so Au–Si monoatomic layer could be present on the surface of the support. Exemplary absorbance spectra recorded for the 2.8 nm Au film after annealing at 550 °C for 15 min is presented in Figure 10. A strong maximum corresponding to plasmon resonance is

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• presented as absorbance after computer processing, in particular, subtraction of the water spectrum (solvent) from the spectrum of the solution was performed (Figure 2a). The electron spectrum of the Si–NH2 solution was taken on a Shimadzu UV-2501PC spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) in the absorbance mode

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• purple formazan was confirmed by microscopic observation and 100 µL DMSO was added to dissolve the formazan crystals. The formazan crystal formation was spectroscopically characterized using a multimode microplate reader (Cytation3, Biotek) at 570 nm absorbance. The percent of cell viability was

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• photoelectrochemical cell properties. Figure 2a shows the thickness-dependent transmittance (T) and absorbance (A) spectra of the Co3O4 samples. Interestingly, all the Co3O4 samples exhibited fair absorbance with semitransparent optical properties. Absorbance dominates the shorter wavelengths (λ = 300–500 nm) with

• of 1.5 mA·cm−2 corresponded to the reduction of the water when using a 170 nm thick Co3O4 sample. This sample provided enhanced photocurrent performance in the PEC cell, due to its enhanced porosity and absorbance. By using dual Co3O4 photoelectrodes, a hydrogen gas generation rate of 14.35 mL·h−1·cm

• out using a UV–visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-2600) by recording the transmittance, absorbance, and reflection of the Co3O4 films in the range of 300–1100 nm. Photoelectrochemical cell measurements: Photoelectrochemical measurements were performed in a three-electrode cell with a potentiostat

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• unchanged at the same wavelength and with the same bandwidth. Ten minutes of laser ablation are sufficient to obtain a plasmon absorbance more than 2.5 in a 10 mm cuvette. However, a much larger silver content could be obtained with longer ablation times without compromising the colloidal stability. We have

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• CuCl4Br2 octahedra separated by cation-filled galleries with a size of ≈1 nm (Figure 10a). The materials are characterized by strong absorbance below 650 nm with absorption coefficients of ≈105 cm−1 and a composition-dependent bandgap ranging from 2.48 eV for MA2CuCl4 to 1.80 eV for MA2CuCl0.5Br3.5 [152

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• . In particular, hybrid solar cells can possibly benefit from the low economic and energy costs of production, high absorbance and tailorable absorption spectrum of the organic materials on the one hand, and from the good stability, absorption and electrical properties of the inorganic materials on the

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• hydrophobic Orange OT in the presence of 3 as a result of dye encapsulation into the hydrophobic core of macrocyle micelles. In the case of the more hydrophilic QC, a moderate increase of its absorbance in the solution of 3 is observed. But the bathochromic shift of the QC absorption maximum in the solution

• . Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a Varian CaryEclipse spectrofluorimeter equipped with a Cary Temperature Controller. Absorbance measurements were performed in a Lambda 35 UV–vis spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Instruments) in quartz cells. Absorbance measurements at different temperatures were carried out

• micelles were determined by through absorption measurements in water/ethanol 1:1 solutions of micelles to avoid the influence of macrocycle–substrate complexation on the absorbance intensity of substrate. QC was quantified by measuring the absorbance at 374 nm using ε = 28400 М−1·cm−1 [42], Оrange OT at 490

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• (the conductivity of PVA is ≈0.31 ± 0.02 W/m∙K compared to the conductivity of water ≈0.6 W/m∙K), as previously reported [28]. Therefore, thin PVA films with no additional absorbance in the NIR range provide a favorable environment for localized increase of temperature. In order to exploit the

• experimental protocol of bacteria growth and NIR irradiation is provided in the Experimental section. The workflow of these experiments is schematically shown in Figure 5. In these first trials, the films were irradiated at 1064 nm. As the laser wavelength did not match the maximum absorbance of the GNSs, a

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• performed for the drug release kinetics. The samples were placed into a 24-well plate, and then 2 mL of PBS was added to each sample and incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2. The release of the drug was determined as a function of the time. For this, an aliquot of 100 μL was removed and the absorbance of the medium

• results of the samples in contact with L929 cells are shown in Figure 8. The absorbance values of both scaffolds on the first day compared to the control group (cells only) were sufficiently high, indicating the initial adhesion of the cells to the surface. Then, the cell population gradually increased

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• in the sample. Depending on the sample a fourth peak due to intercalated graphite compounds and increasing disorder produced by functionalization and strain can appear in the region of 1617–1625 cm−1 [1]. Further information on defects can be obtained by the intensity of optical absorbance which is

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• enhanced by visible light. Characterization of light absorbance The absorbance spectra of TNTs, Ag-TNTs, Ag-Zn-TNTs and Ag-Zn-NDM-TNTs samples in the range of 300–800 nm are shown in Figure 6. The dark gray, orange, magenta and dark cyan lines correspond to the light absorption of the TNTs, Ag-TNTs, Zn-Ag

• -TNTs and NDM-Zn-Ag-TNTs samples, respectively. Obviously, the absorbance of TNTs decorated with Ag is higher than bare TNTs within the visible light range (450–800 nm). The loading of AgNPs promotes surface plasmon resonance (SPR) scattering into the TNT layer, which further increases the nearby

• absorbance of the Zn-Ag-TNTs and NDM-Zn-Ag-TNTs samples are almost lower than that of Ag-TNTs. For the Zn-Ag-TNTs sample, its absorbance is higher than bare TNTs at wavelengths below 619 nm, while its absorbance is lower than the TNTs at wavelengths greater than 619 nm. In comparison with bare TNTs, the

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• S3_N0.5+1% Pt) relative to the undoped sample (REF). Consequentially, doping TiO2 with S or N shifts the absorbance toward visible light, whereas doping with Pt (sample S3_N0.5+1% Pt) does not additionally narrow the band gap compared to the sample without Pt (S3_N0.5). The band gap narrowing is explained

• degradation rate of PB, an organic dye. The concentration of PB at different illumination times was determined by measuring its UV–vis absorbance spectra and calculating using the Beer–Lambert law (Equation 2). In this equation, A is the absorbance of the PB solution at 527 nm excitation at different

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• was increased from 6.5 to 12, at which the dissociation of O–H protons occurs. SRA shows an absorbance band at 286 nm, which decreases with increasing pH value of the medium. The deprotonated forms of SRA exhibit new bands of phenolate anions at 305 and 352 nm [40]. The deprotonation constants pKa

• ) or p(SRA-B) (1.4 mg/mL) were added to 2.7 mL of universal buffer [54] (0.04 M) with a certain pH value (see Supporting Information File 1, Table S2) in the pH range of 1.6 to 12. After that, UV spectra were measured in the range of 250–600 nm. pK values were calculated from changes in the absorbance

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• on the whole surface considered. The optical absorbance of the fabricated nanostructure was characterized by a Cary500 UV–visible spectrophotometer. All the spectra were taken in the vis–NIR spectral range at room temperature and compared with expected theoretical results obtained through numerical

• substrates has been calculated using a numerical model developed in COMSOL. In Figure 5a,b, simulated curves are compared with experimental absorbance spectra of gold nanodisks and nanoholes distributed on glass substrates, respectively. For these samples, the features have an average diameter of 80 nm. Upon

• excitation of the LSPR, the absorbance signal of the fabricated nanostructures exhibits a pronounced peak in the visible spectral range. On the contrary, LSPR resonances in the infrared spectral range can be obtained by tuning the size distribution of the nanostructures towards 500 nm, as reported in Figure

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• . The TGN-branch 4 h sample exhibits almost the same absorbance (Figure 6a) and the same band gap of 2.87 eV (Figure 6b) compared to TGN. This can be attributed to the same phase composition of TiO2(B) in both samples. The evaluated band gap of 2.87 eV for TiO2(B) agrees with that (2.9 eV) reported by

Tailoring polarization and magnetization of absorbing terahertz metamaterials using a cut-wire sandwich structure

• Hadi Teguh Yudistira,
• Shuo Liu,
• Tie Jun Cui and
• Han Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1437–1447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.136

• generating a large imaginary part in the refractive index. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally studied the absorbance of a thin terahertz metamaterial that was based on the cut-wire sandwich structure, which was demonstrated to generate polarization and magnetization simultaneously. By using

• Discussion The absorbance (A(ω)) of the material was calculated from the reflectance (R(ω)) and transmittance (T(ω)) by using the following equation: A(ω) = 1 − R(ω) − T(ω). Smith et al. [36] defined transmittance and reflectance as and Where t(ω), r(ω), n, k0, d and z are the transmissivity, reflectivity

• . Equation 3 can be simplified as Equation 4 shows that a high imaginary refractive index is required to achieve zero transmittance. To achieve high absorbance, the impedance of the metamaterial should match the air impedance and the imaginary part of the refractive index value should be high. The electrical

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• Organization. Keywords: absorbance; dispersion; drinking water; rapid detection; UV spectroscopy; Introduction Among heavy metals, copper is particularly interesting because it acts both as a micronutrient essential to life, but also as an environmental contaminant, due to its toxicity to most organisms when

• Cu2+-binding casein peptide ligands. The solution of aggregates was incubated for 20 min to allow for the coordination to occur. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of casein peptide-capped AgNPs The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of spherical AgNPs immediately caused an absorbance

• peak in the UV–vis spectra at approximately 410–420 nm. The wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) can be used to determine the approximate concentration and the size range of the stable AgNPs. Herein, synthesis of AgNPs was performed using just 0.06% (w/v) casein peptides in the solution, to

New 2D graphene hybrid composites as an effective base element of optical nanodevices

• Olga E. Glukhova,
• Igor S. Nefedov,
• Alexander S. Shalin and
• Мichael М. Slepchenkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1321–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.125

• , the established regularities of change in absorbance as a function of the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave allows us to suggest the possibility of using the CNT–graphene film as a polarizer for electro-optical and magneto-optical thin film modulators. The advantages of such polarizers

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• [20] from 1.1:1 to 6.3:1 (Figure 1a). However, the degree of reduction of samples 1–5 cannot be characterized from the almost coincident XPS spectrum in Figure 1b. In the normalized UV–vis absorption spectra (Figure 1c), the red-shift of the main absorbance peak from 226 nm to 264 nm the absorption

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• performed on powder materials (P3HT and PCBM) and on P3HT:PCBM (1:1) blend, which was scrapped off a glass substrate (thick layer, spin-coated with a spinning rate of 500 rpm). Results and Discussion In Figure 2, the absorbance of thin films of P3HT, PCBM and P3HT:PCBM (1:1) is shown. It can be readily

• observed, that the absorbance in all these films disappears for wavelengths longer than λ = 750 nm. For this reason, in ellipsometric studies we can describe the studied films within the Cauchy optical model and determine their thickness as a function of the temperature at long wavelengths. The Cauchy

• measurements to a very narrow spectral range. This, in turn, complements the already known advantages of variable-temperature ellipsometry, such as less sensitivity to sample imperfections and very high sensitivity to sample thickness. Structures of (a) P3HT and (b) PCBM. UV–vis absorbance spectra of P3HT