Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• were exposed to pure hydrogen plasma for 10 min in order to create the p-type surface conductivity (Figure 1a) [29]. Vertically aligned 1-D ZnO nanorod arrays were synthesized either on a bare IDE glass substrate (Figure 1b) or on an IDE glass substrate covered with a diamond thin film (Figure 1c) by

Study of the vertically aligned in-plane switching liquid crystal mode in microscale periodic electric fields

• Artur R. Geivandov,
• Mikhail I. Barnik,
• Irina V. Kasyanova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 11–19, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.2

• .9.2 Abstract The ongoing interest in fast liquid crystal (LC) modes stimulated by display technology and new applications has motivated us to study in detail the in-plane switching (IPS) vertically aligned (VA) mode. We have studied how the decrease of the period of the interdigitated electrodes (down

• experimental measurements. Keywords: electrooptics; in-plane switching; liquid crystals; vertical alignment; Introduction In 1997, Lee and co-workers discovered a new LC switching mode and called it vertically aligned in-plane switching (VA-IPS) mode [1]. At that time researchers were looking for LC modes

• for all the curves, we can conclude that the use of the transparent electrodes is preferable. Conclusion We have studied the electrooptical performance of vertically aligned LC as a function of the in-plane electrodes geometry. Reducing the electrode period allows for sub-millisecond response times

Magnetic field induced orientational transitions in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov and
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2807–2817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.280

• theory describes the behavior of quadrupolar particles embedded in an LC. We analyze another possible way to enhance the anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility of LCs by doping them with diamagnetic CNTs. In the magnetized ferronematics (in which the magnetic moments of the ferroparticles are aligned

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• transitions to the isotropic phase. In Figure 5 we show the behavior of undoped and Au-doped (0.3, 0.5 and 1 wt %) LCs inside a MC near the phase transition temperature. For all investigated samples, planar orientation was observed, with maximum light intensity for the sample aligned at 45° relative to the

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• in a closed chamber. The standard process for their growth is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [3], which results in randomly oriented structures, whereas a plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) [4] allows for the growth of aligned structures. During growth of 1D-CNs, oxidized catalytic centers reduce into

• the thermal tune method [34] integrated in the AFM software. All the measurements presented here were conducted with the same cantilever. Results and Discussion Growth of carbon nanofibers Inspired by the study of Zhang and Pan [9], we aligned the sample, the magnet and the shield parallel to the

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• reached a conductivity of 2000 S/cm [132]. Conventional drop casting of one size of gold nanoparticles functionalized by a π-conjugated terthiophene resulted in films of hexagonally packed particles. The terthiophene ligands aligned around the assembled particles, enabled face-to-face π–π interactions

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions

• Youngsang Kim,
• Safa G. Bahoosh,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Fabian Pauly and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2606–2614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.261

• -dependent transmission still suggests that the single-level toy model is not straightforwardly applicable. Based on the position of the HOMO level and its broadening in the transport calculations, we have nevertheless argued that experimental trends of an effective level that is better aligned with the

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• , for the formation of high-density vertically aligned CNTs (referred to as CNT forests), a thin Al2O3 layer was introduced to improve the CNT yield grown on EBID Fe deposits. The significant increase in the yield can be attributed to the reduced mobility of the Fe deposits on the Al2O3 substrate

Ferrocholesteric–ferronematic transitions induced by shear flow and magnetic field

• Dmitriy V. Makarov,
• Alexander A. Novikov and
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2552–2561, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.255

• director is aligned at the constant angle φc, which can be found from Equation 12: where hc and uc are the critical values of the field and the velocity gradient at which the ferrocholesteric helix is unwound. Integrating Equation 12, we obtain The possible direction of twisting of the ferrocholesteric

Dynamic behavior of a nematic liquid crystal mixed with CoFe₂O₄ ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a magnetic field

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Cristina Stan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2467–2473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.246

• long nanoparticle chains inside the cell. Under the action of magnetic fields, these chains remain obliquely aligned between the support plates. The nematic molecules attached on these chains by strong anchoring forces can not change their orientation under the action of the magnetic field as they do

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• nanostructures have also been used as masks. The patterns of 1D DNA nanotubes and 2D DNA arrays were replicated to metal films by metal evaporation onto the DNA nanostructures and subsequent lift-off of the metal films [31]. Aligned DNA molecular bundles became shadow masks for angled metal vapor deposition and

• ]. Although e-beam lithography is capable of reaching resolutions below 10 nm [41], it is difficult to produce the master templates in larger numbers because of its high cost [42][43][44]. In 2015, the aligned patterns of natural salmon milt DNA bundles were first transferred to negative replicas on

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• aberration-corrected Lorentz mode, with the objective lens switched off and the corrector aligned to compensate the spherical aberration of the Lorentz lens and achieve a spatial resolution of around 1 nm. Electron holograms of ≈20% contrast have been obtained with a biprism excitation of 160 V, an overlap

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• of nanocomposites, specifically focusing on nanoclay fillers. These models relate the mechanical response of the material, usually as a function of the concentration of nanoclay included in the system. Models have been developed for specific cases, for example for unidirectionally aligned particles

• the Young’s modulus of a polymer matrix filled with unidirectionally aligned nanoclay and has been tailored to represent the modulus in the direction perpendicular to the nanoclay surface. Also, this model considers the aspect ratio of the nanoclay, α = t/D (t is the thickness and D the diameter

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• [45][46][47]. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the growth of CNTs on metal oxide decorated graphene samples. The CNTs have an outer diameter of about 10–20 nm (Figure 7a). In selected regions of the graphene substrate, growth of vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) was observed

• irregular CNTs with random areas of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Experimental Synthesis of graphene Graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of methane (Air Liquide) on copper foil (Alfa Aesar, 99.8% purity, 0.025 mm thickness) at 1000 °C and 5 mbar in a hydrogen atmosphere (Air Liquide

• (Air Liquide). After synthesis, the setup was purged with argon and cooled to 450 °C for extraction of samples. All parameters were optimized for the synthesis of vertically aligned CNTs on SiO2/Si coated with aluminium and iron [45][46][47]. Materials analysis Graphene transferred onto SiO2/Si wafers

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• [5][6]. When the BCP self-assembly is used in combination with surface prepatterning, aligned structures of alternative phases of the blocks can be obtained. This is the principle of DSA. The main advantages are a relaxation of the resolution requirements of traditional lithography methods, as the

• period of the prepattern can be larger than the final period of the self-assembled pattern, and an improvement in both line-edge and line-width roughness. There are mainly two techniques to direct the self-assembly of BCPs: graphoepitaxy and chemical epitaxy. In graphoepitaxy, the BCPs are aligned by a

• (brighter in the AFM topography) slightly elevated (1.1 nm). The pitch of the DVD pattern is too large to achieve an aligned block/copolymer pattern. We used a DVD stamp in order to get a large area chemical guiding pattern useful for the HAXPES characterization. We also succeed in creating chemical guiding

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• measurements, the pressure was kept at or below 1 × 10−9 mbar. The angle between the X-ray source, which is aligned along the surface normal, and spectrometer is 54.7°. All XPS core-level spectra were analyzed using Augerscan software, which is equipped with its own curve-fitting program. The core-level peaks

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• , Belgium CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy Materia Nova Research Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.8.173 Abstract The surface chemistry of plasma fluorinated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNT) is correlated to the CF4 plasma chemical composition. The results

• functionalization chamber may be activated by the plasma and recombination with oxygen or fluorine species can occur, leading to COFx formation affecting the functionalization of the carbon nanotubes. In this work, we correlate the chemical composition of the CF4 plasma with changes occurring on vertically aligned

• being restricted to about 5 atom %. Conclusion Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (vCNT) is investigated; the effect of the functionalization on the electronic properties is correlated to the CF4 plasma chemistry. In situ RGA mass spectrometry and Fourier transform

Air–water interface of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces imaged by atomic force microscopy

• Markus Moosmann,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Matthias Mail

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1671–1679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.167

• aligned orthogonal to each other. The pillars of the sample are aligned in the same direction as the interfaces. Thus the collapse of the air-layer advances line-by-line. There is an additional, faintly visible pattern extending diagonally over the entire image attributed to interference. With samples

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• , catalysis and energy storage. Keywords: activation energy; plasmas; residual stress; vertical graphene nanosheets; wettability; Introduction Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNs) consist of interconnected 3D porous networks of vertically oriented graphitic sheets, which are aligned perpendicularly to the

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• power supply (Gamma high voltage research) producing a voltage of 15 kV. Aligned nanofibers were deposited on the rotating drum collector at 21.50 Hz rotating frequency at a distance of 15 cm. After producing the nanofibers, oxidative stabilization was performed at 250 °C for 3 h in air atmosphere and

• plays an important role in the carbonization. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of oxidation has an important part in the success of the production of CNF. Nanofiber webs are produced with different collectors to achieve fiber alignment. The results for webs of aligned and non-aligned

• nanofibers are compared. A rotating collector that produces aligned nanofiber webs reduces the nanofiber diameter as shown in SEM images in Figure 1. Non-aligned PAN nanofibers diameter are in the range of 371.6 ± 36 nm; whereas the aligned PAN nanofibers diameter are decreased to 330.8 ± 27 nm. The stress

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• -nozzle microemulsion electrospinning (ME-ES) method followed by calcining. The experimental results indicated that TiO2 nanofibers with the higher TBT/paraffin oil ratio demonstrated more axially aligned channels and a larger specific surface area. Furthermore, they presented superior lithium-ion storage

• oil droplets merged into larger ones and then were stretched strongly by electrostatic force along the direction of fluid jet, thus forming oriented and axially aligned oil droplets. After calcination, the axially aligned oil droplets would be removed, resulting in axially aligned pores with the

• diameters of tens of nanometers. It meant that the axially aligned pores were the vacancies of paraffin oil. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of as-spun sample A1 are shown in Figure 2a. It can be seen that the total weight loss was approximately 35%, and whole

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• molecular-level interaction of LPEI with the substrate is essential to create a continuous coating with vertically aligned linear aggregates, which can be mineralized to produce a silica “nanograss” film on the substrate. For example, a nanograss film can be prepared on a glass surface, but not on a

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• volumetric method. At 26 bar, an adsorption capacity of 4.9 mmol/g was observed. This is comparable to the adsorption capacity of molecular sieves and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The high pressure adsorption process of CO2 was found to irreversibly change the microporous structure of the carbon

• mesoporous carbon [8], single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [9], multiwall CNTs [10], double-wall aligned CNTs [11] as well as graphene [12]. In the case of (ii), oxygen groups such as C–O and C=O were introduced on the carbon surface to enhance the adsorption of gases such as CO2 [11]. Silicon carbide is

• increase in the CO2 pressure. At 26 bar, an adsorption capacity of 4.9 mmol/g is observed. This is comparable to the adsorption capacity of molecular sieves [47] and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes [11]. However, after about ten adsorption and regeneration cycles, the adsorption capacity decreases to

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• towards controlled deposition of MoS2 for HER including control over crystalline and amorphous structure, metallic 1T polymorph, vertically aligned structures, molecular mimics for MoS2 edge sites, doping, intercalation and hybrid formation have been undertaken (e.g., [18] and references therein). In

• distance. MoS2 films with vertically aligned layers and thereby maximally exposing edge sites were converted from e-beam evaporated, ultrathin Mo films (≈5 nm thick) by a rapid sulfurization process in a horizontal tube furnace [20]. Furthermore, a maximised electrical conductivity in the MoS2 is desired