Diffusion of dilute gas in arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned, high-aspect-ratio cylinders

• Wojciech Szmyt,
• Carlos Guerra and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.7

• arrays have been extensively studied for years, rather less attention has been paid to modelling of the diffusion phenomena. Diffusion modelling was attempted in the context of ALD coatings of CNTs [17] or VACNT growth [19][21][22]. These studies deliver rough estimates of the gas transport and lack

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• thin coatings characterized by high optical transparency and large electrical piezoresitivity. Such properties envisage potential applications of this polymer-supported coating for use in strain sensing. The electrical and mechanical properties of these PMMA/graphene coatings were characterized by

• polymer were also recently reported [3]. In this work we describe a simple and direct fabrication process based on a new micrographite colloidal suspension to produce thin coatings with large electrical piezoresitivity. When applied to a slat of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the adhesion to the PMMA

• ) images are created. These images are further analyzed to bring out information on the temperature variations along the specimen surface and to provide structural analysis of the material under investigation. Infrared thermographic tests (IRT) were carried out on the PMMA/graphene coatings and compared to

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• of 200 m2, the Lotusan®-based façade painting is ca. 9% more expensive. Regarding the entire life cycle of 75 years, four repaint coatings have to be assumed for a Jumbosil®-based façade painting, while a Lotusan®-based façade painting only requires three repaint coatings. Consequently, the higher

• aspects have been neglected in the cost calculation given above. No discount, for example, has been taken into account for cost arising from repaint coatings to be carried out in the future. From the perspective of Lotusan®, this might be seen as a conservative assumption, as the Lotusan®-based façade

• paints can be considered as being equivalent in terms of equal functional utility and are directly comparable. Throughout the 75 years life of the building, both a Lotusan®-based façade painting (three repainting coatings) and a Jumbosil®-based façade painting (four repaint coatings) have to be repainted

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• .7.187 Abstract Nanocomposites of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x and amorphous carbon were obtained by the pyrolysis of linear and cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in presence of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x. In the case of linear PVA, the formation of nanostructured carbon coatings on Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x particles is

• coefficient from 10−16 cm2·s−1 (pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x) to 10−13 cm2·s−1. The nanosized carbon coatings also reduce the deep electrochemical degradation of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x during electrochemical cycling. The nanocomposite obtained by the pyrolysis of linear PVA demonstrates higher values of the apparent

• lithium diffusion coefficient, a higher specific capacity and lower values of charge transfer resistance, which can be related to the more uniform carbon coatings and to the significant content of sp2-hybridized carbon detected by XPS and by Raman spectroscopy. Keywords: carbon coatings; electrode

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• molecules is disadvantegous too. Using more advanced chemistry for immobilizing the molecules of interest in a controlled fashion [145][146][147][148]. Typical molecules used for non-specific surface coatings are poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), both interact unspecifically with cells

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• with different coatings and permeability. All these printed patterns showed a pronounced local photothermal effect (ΔT > 30 °C) under NIR irradiation at low laser intensities (Iexc < 0.8 W/cm2). Apart from the printing parameters (drop density and number of layers), the porosity of the coated paper

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• attachment of the beetles. Surface roughness was found to be the dominant factor, strongly affecting the attachment ability of the beetles. Keywords: insect attachment; superhydrophilicity; superhydrophobicity; superoleophobicity; surface structures; Introduction The development of functional coatings that

• )9Si(OC2H5)3) were purchased from Gelest Inc. (Morrisville, PA, USA). Never WetTM (superhydrophobic coatings) was purchased from Rust-Oleum Corporation (Vernon Hills, IL, USA). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Preparation of flat and rough sample surfaces Two smooth

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• block copolymer composition on the pore dimensions of the silica coatings was investigated. In detail, trying to rationalize the dependence of the pore size from the length of each block (both PS and/or PEO), no experimental trends were evidenced. Surprisingly, a second-order polynomial trend, with good

• solution (i.e., the geometry of the system), a key parameter which drives the porosity is the hydrophilic/hydrophobic block ratio. Therefore, this study allows a rationalization of the preparation of mesoporous architectures in inorganic thin functional coatings. Experimental Synthesis and preparation of

An efficient recyclable magnetic material for the selective removal of organic pollutants

• Clément Monteil,
• Nathalie Bar,
• Agnès Bee and
• Didier Villemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1447–1453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.136

• degradation caused by hydrolysis or oxidation, due to strong covalent Fe–O–P bonds [16]. As a result it can be indifferently used in acidic or basic media, in contrast to other sorbents based on silica shells or coatings with oligosaccharides [17]. Experimental Material and apparatus Polyethylenimine (25000

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• fields including microelectronics, optics, biotechnology and protective coatings [2]. In the last few years, PVD started to be used for the growth of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as nanowires [3], nanorods [4] and nanosprings [5]. Although such approaches are very practical, controlling the

An ellipsometric approach towards the description of inhomogeneous polymer-based Langmuir layers

• Falko O. Rottke,
• Burkhard Schulz,
• Klaus Richau,
• Karl Kratz and
• Andreas Lendlein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1156–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.107

• ellipsometry and to expand the application of ellipsometry towards non-ideal cases like inhomogeneous and/or rough samples. With the increasing industrial demand for chemically and/or topographically inhomogeneous films and coatings, imaging techniques have become highly appreciated. For the air–water

Fast diffusion of silver in TiO₂ nanotube arrays

• Wanggang Zhang,
• Yiming Liu,
• Diaoyu Zhou,
• Hui Wang,
• Wei Liang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.105

• reported by Kulczyk-Malecka et al. [41] for the sandwich structure of TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coatings, and the activation energy is also larger than that given by Kulczyk-Malecka et al. [41]. Such differences reveal the effect of the microstructure on the diffusion behavior of Ag. The TiO2 in TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coatings

• TiO2 nanotubes was analyzed. The diffusivity for the diffusion of Ag atoms on the outmost surface of the TiO2 nanotubes at 400 °C is 6.87 × 10−18 m2/s, which is three orders of magnitude larger than the results reported by Kulczyk-Malecka et al. [41] for the sandwich structure of TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coatings

Noncontact atomic force microscopy III

• Mehmet Z. Baykara and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 946–947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.86

• particular, latest instrumental advances are highlighted in the form of a new design for a large-area SPM used for electrostatic force measurements, improvement of dynamic cantilever response by the utilization of reflective coatings and photothermal conversion layers, and the use of length extension

Understanding interferometry for micro-cantilever displacement detection

• Alexander von Schmidsfeld,
• Tobias Nörenberg,
• Matthias Temmen and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 841–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.76

• is just to monitor light intensity variations with the lowest possible noise. The details of interference signal generation can, however, be predetermined by appropriately manipulating the optical reflectivities of fiber end and cantilever with reflective coatings. According to the preference of the

Contact-free experimental determination of the static flexural spring constant of cantilever sensors using a microfluidic force tool

• John D. Parkin and
• Georg Hähner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 492–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.43

• Fastscan-C all have tips attached (Bruker, Santa Barbara, USA). Some cantilevers had metal coatings to increase the reflectivity of the laser: Tap150, Tap525 and OTESPA were aluminum-coated and Fastscan-C was gold-coated. RA2, RC2 and NCHV had no metal coating. Results Cantilever dimensions, resonant

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• medical applications, which implies the need for strict information regarding their physicochemical characteristics and behavior in a biological environment. The currently developed AgNPs and SPIONs encompass a myriad of sizes and surface coatings, which affect NPs properties and may improve their

• biological media, may be achieved by electrostatic or steric repulsions [30][31][32]. Various types of surface coatings have been shown to affect NP properties, particularly to improve their biocompatibility and stability against agglomeration [30][33][34][35]. Proteins or biologically-compatible surfactants

• uptake and toxicity of metallic NPs [41][42], whereas differences in surface coatings influence cytotoxicity and surface charge [43]. However, it is still unclear how different surface coatings affect the interaction of NPs with biological environments and the formation of the protein corona. Because

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• application in several fields, including optics, electronics, coatings and biomaterials (drug delivery and tissue engineering). In order to create the aforementioned materials, the development of new bottom-up techniques, which allow one to control the properties and structure of the materials at the sub

Application of biclustering of gene expression data and gene set enrichment analysis methods to identify potentially disease causing nanomaterials

• Andrew Williams and
• Sabina Halappanavar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2438–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.252

• ]. Given the rate at which nanotechnology is growing, and the limitations of the currently available toxicological testing tools, it is estimated that it will take several decades and millions of dollars to complete the assessment of NMs of various sizes, shapes and surface coatings that require immediate

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• anions PO42− entrapped within the porous oxide during its growth. Actually, this is the reason why we decided to use phosphoric acid as the anodizing electrolyte, since phosphate is likely to be biocompatible and even bioactive in the foreseen application of the coatings for osteointegration, due to its

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• were obtained, suggesting possible applications of these nanoporous films as selective gates for controlled transport of chemical species in solution. Keywords: block copolymers; coatings; colloidal nanoparticles; silica; sol–gel synthesis; Introduction The development of smart nanoporous devices for

• in the preparation of microfiltration devices was realized by the surface functionalization of macroporous supports or membranes by nanoporous functional coatings [17][18][19][20]: the macroporous, permeable supports, in fact, can provide mechanical strength to the thinner functional coatings on top

• proved to generate a variety of well-ordered materials by self-assembling processes [31][32][33][34][35]. Here, we describe the synthesis, deposition and physicochemical characterization of silica coatings, obtained by spin-coating deposition of soft-templated silica colloidal nanoparticles onto

Effect of SiN_x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

• Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal,
• Eric Aubry,
• Nouari Chaoui and
• Didier Robert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2039–2045, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.207

• substrate holder that was parallel to the target surface. The SiNx/glass substrates were placed in the same position on the substrate holder (separated from the axis of the target by 50 mm at a fixed angle of 75°) to ensure reproducibility. Using cold deposition, the TiO2 coatings were calcinated at 450 °C

• that the films are about 40 nm thick (Figure 1b). The surface morphology of the annealed TiO2 coatings synthesized on SiNx/SLG substrates by reactive sputtering is presented in Figure 2. The film surface does not show a major difference when the thickness of SiNx barrier increases. The coatings treated

• TiO2 films grown on SiNx/SLG after annealing at 450 °C. (a) XRD patterns and (b) FWHM and the intensity of the (101) plane of the sol–gel TiO2 coatings as a function of the SiNx layer thickness. (a) XRD patterns and (b) FWHM of the (101) and (004) planes and their intensity of the TiO2 coatings as a

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• Consumer Products Inventory [2]. According to this inventory, the most abundant ENMs used in consumer products are silver (438 products), titanium (107), carbon (90), silica (81), zinc (38) and gold (24) with the main applications in antimicrobial protection (381 products), coatings (188) and health

• 15% uncoated. ENMs were most often modified with citrate (31% of all coatings) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; 24% of all coatings) (Figure 4a). The high percentage of coated NPs in the database can be explained by the fact that nanosilver which constituted 35% of the database entries is frequently

• functionalised with different coatings, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and citrate being the most widely used. A parameter closely related to NP surface properties is surface charge. It has been shown that positively charged ENMs tend to attach to the cellular surface that is negatively charged and these

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• ). A significant portion of products in the CPI (31% of products analyzed) utilize nanomaterials – mostly silver nanoparticles, but also titanium dioxide and others – to confer antimicrobial protection. Nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide are used to provide protective coatings

• , which allows for any form of data entry but makes data analysis cumbersome. Coatings We created another text entry field in the CPI to include any available information on the coatings or stabilizing agent used along the nanomaterials in each product. Nanomaterial location To assist CPI users in

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• similarity and substructure search enhances the data exploration capabilities of the system (e.g., finding nanoparticles with similar coatings). The data exploration is also supported by REST API calls retrieving data summaries (e.g., number of zeta potential entries) and endpoint prefix queries, allowing

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• development of safer ZnO materials. Based on the large differences in molecular properties between the organic surface coatings and the bare zinc oxide properties (Table 2), it was expected that each group would separate during clustering analysis, as was the case with this data (Figure 5). Identified