Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• et al. [59] has synthesized a highly efficient filter membrane for oil/water separation by combining super hydrophilic tunicate cellulose nanocrystal and cholesteric liquid crystal structure. The tunicate cellulose was derived from Halocynthia roretzi drasche, also known as the sea pineapple. In

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• probe corrector), a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector, an atmospheric thin-window energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer (Phoenix System, EDAX, US) and a post-column Gatan energy filter (GIF), (Gatan, US). The S/TEM was operated at 300 kV. Digital micrograph (Gatan, US) and TIA software

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• principle behind the sieving method: screen-filter separation is based on size exclusion, whereas depth-filter separation is based also on the interactions between the material forming the functional membrane and the target molecule being separated/isolated. In our recent study [22], colloidal silica

• titania films. Reproduced with permission from [105], copyright 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Schematic cross section of a screen filter (A) and a depth filter (B). Reprinted with permission from [4], copyright 2017 Elsevier. Block copolymers (BCs), sacrificial components (SC), and the

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• enhancement is only the result of the better field confinement inside the dielectric material brought about by the hybrid configuration, as shown in Figure 3d. A log–log plot of the emission as a function of the power acquired from a type-2 platform using a narrowband filter at 775 nm (25 nm bandwidth) shows

• polarization direction with a half-wavelength plate. The nonlinear emission from the antennas is collected in reflection geometry and filtered before detection with a short-pass filter at 1000 nm and with a narrow-band filter at 775 nm to eliminate the residual pump signal and any TH and photoluminescence

• filter; NBF, narrow-band filter; SPAD, single photon avalanche detector. Acknowledgements G. L. acknowledges SATT IdF-Innov and SEAM Labex (PANAMA Project) for financial support. G. M.’s post-doc grant was funded by SEAM Labex (PANAMA Project) and MULTIPLY EU Co-fund program. V. F. G.’s grant was

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• . Photocatalytic test The photo-degradation of RhB, MO, TC and MB was carried out in a reactor containing 40 mg of sample, and 100 mL of RhB (10 mg·L−1), MO (10 mg·L−1), TC (20 mg·L−1) or MB (10 mg·L−1) under visible-light irradiation. A 300 W xenon lamp equipped with a UV-cutoff filter (λ > 400 nm) served as the

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• nanopipette is first filled with deionized water up to the accessible micrometer-scaled part of the capillary. A 200 nm syringe filter is used to keep the capillary free of dust. The capillary is held by a (x, y, z) micromanipulator and the water meniscus is positioned in a loop of a tantalum filament under a

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• data pixels points and a field of view of 847 × 847 µm2. The acquired images have been plane corrected. In addition, a soft prism filter correction was applied for image enhancement to recover parts that cannot be measured due to shadowing effects. An analytical software (SPIP 5.1.1, 2010, Image

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• Milli-Q water for 24 h. Then, the water was removed and the samples were gently wiped with filter paper. After this, the weight of the swollen samples was determined (W1). The water content (WQ) was determined as the average value of each measurement according to following equation: The swelling degree

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• a few minutes in a sonicator to obtain a well-dispersed suspension of the CNT. Thereafter, a few drops of the solution was deposited on the UltrAuFoil® TEM grids and the excess liquid was removed using a filter paper. The Raman spectra of the freshly prepared samples deposited on TEM grids were

• were performed with an inVia Renishaw Reflex Raman Microscope in micro-Raman mode, with an edge filter with spectral cutoff at 80 cm−1 and a 2400 grooves/mm grating for the analysis of the scattered light. A frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used as excitation source. The laser beam was

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• samples were taken with a syringe with filter membrane (0.45 μm) at predetermined times and analyzed by a UV-2600 spectrophotometer at the absorption wavelength of 664 nm. The effects of reaction temperature, pH value and PMS dosage on the catalytic reaction were also researched under same experimental

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• the conventional PLL design and their possible solutions. In the conventional design, a low-pass filter with relatively high latency is used in the phase feedback loop, leading to a slow response of the PLL. In the proposed design, a phase detector with a low-latency high-pass filter is located

• and a reference signal. In a multiplication-based PC, a low-pass filter (LPF) is employed to eliminate higher harmonics generated by the multiplication of an input signal and a reference signal. However, a LPF has a relatively high latency (i.e., long time delay) at its pass band, often limiting the

• PLL circuit response speed. To overcome this limitation, we recently proposed a design using a subtraction-based PC with a high-pass filter (HPF) [25]. Owing to the low latencies of HPFs at their pass bands, the proposed design enables a significant improvement of the PLL circuit response speed. With

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• several decades. For each optical density filter, the exact attenuation factor was calibrated at 405, 515 and 685 nm prior to the experiments. The curves of the photo-physical parameters (SPV and photostriction) as a function of the illumination power were reconstructed by merging the data acquired with

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

• Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Jiawei Zhang,
• Chahinez Dab,
• Gregory Q. Wallace,
• François Lagugné-Labarthet and
• Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

• . Using a rectangular Fourier filter on the blurred signal together with filtering of the lower spatial frequencies to remove the far-field contribution, the pure near-field contributions of the optical images were extracted. We performed measurements using two excitation wavelengths (532.1 nm and 632.8

• display the different frequencies composing the initial image (Figure 2b). In Figure 2c, a rectangular bandpass filter is used to retain spatial frequencies between 3 and 8 µm−1. The frequencies below ≈3 µm−1 are due to the interferometric background of the glass substrate, while those above ≈8 µm−1 are

• attributed to the noise of the system. For an undistorted image, a hexagonal filter pattern would be most appropriate. The fact that the micromanufacturing process did not cause any noticeable contaminations however allows for the use of a more convenient filter option with angular isotropy. A filtered image

Ag₂WO₄ nanorods decorated with AgI nanoparticles: Novel and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the degradation of water pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Wei Jiang,
• Yanping Liu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yingtang Zhou,
• Liuye Mo and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1308–1316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.123

• ) were recorded on an UV–vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-2600). Photocatalytic tests The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by the removal of RhB, MO or 4-CP under visible-light irradiation. A 300 W Xe lamp with a cut-off filter (λ > 400 nm) was used as the light source

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• can be discerned in the range from 200 to 300 nm. A third one, extending from 300 to 400 nm, is made visible by applying a binominal smoothing filter with a width of 103 data points (white line). The noise reduction due to the combination of data leads to an increase in the accessible signal range

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• (λ = 532 nm) the intensity of which was controlled with a neutral density filter (ND). The laser is reflected off a dichroic mirror (DM) and focussed onto the sample with a 100× (0.95 NA) air objective (O). The lateral resolution and diffraction-limited spot size was approximately 280 nm (in the

• plane of the substrate). The sample is mounted on a piezoelectric controlled stage with 100 μm travel. The fluorescent light is recollected through O and passes through a 560 nm long-pass filter (LP) to filter out the excitation laser. A converging lens (FL) focusses the fluorescent light into an

• emitter, i.e., the emission events were antibunched. At a pump power of 82 ± 1 μW, the excited and non-radiative lifetimes were calculated to be 0.52 ± 0.01 ns and 25.88 ± 5.25 ns, respectively. The normalised g(2) data was smoothed (moving average filter) before the lifetimes were calculated. The

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• useful in a nanomedicine application as they were found to reduce potential cellular toxicity [152]. However, the major drawbacks of these NPs are that they require more time for synthesis, are difficult to filter, and produce a low yield of NPs, as compared to chemical synthesis [153]. Novel nano

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• absorbance coordinates. All SERS spectra were collected using an InVia Reflex Raman confocal microscope (Renishaw Inc.) equipped with a 20 mW 514.4 nm argon laser and power neutral density filter (10%) with 60 s acquisition time. All spectra were collected using a confocal microscope Leica DMLM (resolution

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• 630 nm (ca. 1–5 × 108 cells/mL) in a test tube with stirring bar and irradiated with a xenon lamp (with CM1 and Y-45 filter; λ > 420 nm) or kept in the dark. Serial dilutions (10−1 to 10−6) were prepared and aliquots of suspensions were inoculated on Plate Count Agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• testing apparatus (Instron Model 5565, High Wycombe, England). In order to mimic the oral environment, wet filter paper was placed on the flat ends of the specimen prior to testing [19]. The compressive fracture strength P (MPa) was calculated using Equation 1 [19], where Ff was the load at fracture (N

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• lamp with a 420 nm cut-off filter. In order to make a valid comparison of the degradation effectiveness of the as-prepared samples, the initial adsorption in the dark is ruled out. The adsorption–desorption equilibrium is displayed in Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1. For a comprehensive

• . The binding energy correction was carried out using the C 1s peak of 284.6 eV as reference. Photocatalytic tests The photocatalytic activity of ZnO–BiOI nanocomposites was evaluated by degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under irradiation by a 300 W Xe lamp with a 420 nm cut-off filter at ambient

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• spectroscopy-based method and by surface tension measurements of the nanoparticle ink filtrate; revealing that centrifugal ultrafiltration removed SDS at a higher rate than crossflow ultrafiltration even though a similar filter was applied in both cases (10,000 Da Mw cut-off). The influence of SDS

• rate for free-SDS removal varies between the two techniques even though a similar filter was used (10,000 Mw cut-off). In particular, inks purified by centrifuge ultrafiltration reached an optimal surface tension of 48 mN m−1 at a dilution factor of 7.8 × 104 whereas ink purified by crossflow reached

• ) with 98% purity was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) Clevios HTL Solar was purchased from Heraeus. For the ultrafiltration process, centrifugal filter tubes (for small-volume) and Vivaflow 200 crossflow cassette (for large-volume) were

Towards 3D crystal orientation reconstruction using automated crystal orientation mapping transmission electron microscopy (ACOM-TEM)

• Aaron Kobler and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 602–607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.56

• and reliability values cannot be used as a measure for the thickness ratio [34]. To illustrate this, Figure 1e shows two halves of a crystal orientation map of the same area but evaluated with two different filter settings. The two twin crystallites of the grain, marked in Figure 1f, appear completely

• different dependent on the filter settings. Taking the thickness ratio as granted, the 3D reconstruction still misses one critical step. Figure 2 shows several cases of overlapping crystallites to illustrate the challenge. The thickness ratio of two crystallites overlaid in projection can directly be taken

• orientation map belonging to the same area and processed with two filter approaches (color code: crystal orientation). (f) Virtual bright field map that highlights one grain with two twin crystallites and the evaluated positions. The reconstructed cross section (based on the evaluation in (g)) is overlaid. (g

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• or during synthesis and preparation. Photocatalytic activity The photocatalytic activity of the IL–TiO2 samples was evaluated by phenol degradation induced by visible-light irradiation (using an optical filter with λ > 420 nm). All photocatalysts exhibited better photocatalytic properties than the

• (Oriel, light flux 6.5–7.5 mW/cm2) which emitted both UV and visible-light irradiation. The photoreactor (V = 25 cm3, i.d. 37 mm, length 30 mm) was equipped with a quartz window and exposure layer thickness was 3 cm. The optical path included a water filter and a glass filter (GG 420) which cut-off

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• interaction region. Fragments that dissociate further after extraction do not maintain stable trajectories within the quadrupole mass filter and are thus not detected. This is about 50 μs, which is the approximate lifetime required for a fragment to be observed. We now turn to discuss the [M − Fe(CO)4 − nCO