Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

• Christopher C. Glover,
• Jason P. Killgore and
• Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

• hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces matches results reported by Bhushan and co-workers [38]. The scan speed phenomenon was not observed on HOPG at 36% or 70% RH. Goertz et al. [37] found that the viscous interfacial water film did not exist when the hydrophilicity of their oxide-terminated silicon surface

• was degraded, changing its behavior to hydrophobic. From this observation, they proposed that the surface must be hydrophilic in order to form a viscous interphase water film. Therefore, it is plausible that a thin, highly ordered, viscous water film cannot form on the hydrophobic HOPG sample

• . Additionally, nanobubbles on the sample surface may also affect the formation of a thin, highly ordered, viscous water film. Maali et al. [39] posited that the presence of nanobubbles explains liquid slip at the interface and the long-range attraction between hydrophobic surfaces in water. Maali et al. [39

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• conversion [9]. β-CD is not surface-active [10]. Although the use in food, medical, and pharmaceutical applications, including drug delivery, is well documented [11], application of CDs in corrosion protection is rare [8][12][13][14]. These applications mostly use CDs to solubilize hydrophobic corrosion

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• dendrimer moieties do not penetrate into glycerol due to their hydrophobic properties. Under light irradiation, the azobenzene fragments partially transform into the bent cis isomers having a very small order parameter in the nematic matrix [40]. In the case of azobenzene monomers (M), the order parameter

Effect of microtrichia on the interlocking mechanism in the Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Chao Liu,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Wei Wu and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 812–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.75

• angular orientation was measured for approximately 20–30 microtrichia in each position, and the mean values were used. Contact angle of the hindwings To further understand the hydrophobic function of H. axyridis hindwings, a standard-type contact angle meter was used to quantify their anti-wetting

• ± 0.94° and 93.59 ± 1.32° on the VS, respectively. This conformation shows that the hindwings of H. axyridis are hydrophobic. However, the CAs of the DS were generally greater than those of the VS. H. axyridis hindwing-folding mechanism During evolution, microtrichia have taken different forms on the

• °). Some studies of dragonfly and damselfly wings have demonstrated that CAs are in the range of 120–136° [29]. The results of these studies demonstrate that insect wings have hydrophobic activities. Some insects can perform normal flapping flight in the rain, and their wings are kept dry, allowing them to

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• are known to be hydrophobic in nature. These materials normally show a low affinity against polar solvents, such as water, and in other cases, have a high affinity against non-polar solvents, such as acetone. Although the essence of carbon-based materials are mostly likely to be hydrophobic, which

• materials with metal or metal oxide, a functionalisation process known as pre-treatment is required since the surface of pristine CNTs is hydrophobic and inert in nature. Unfortunately, existing preparation methods suffer from scarce deposition, catalyst particle aggregation, and unwanted large-sized metal

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• no significant difference between pure SP2 and SP2 doped with TiO2 was noticed. On the other hand pure SP1, TiO2 and SP1:TiO2 (3:2 w/w) do not show good film forming properties on the glass surface (see Figure 10b). This is due to the incompatible nature of hydrophobic compounds on hydrophilic glass

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• surface treatment. One approach is the functionalization of the surfaces with various ligands. For instance, grafting a thin molecular film with hydrophobic tail groups on a surface, formed by self-assembly process, prevents the formation of nano- or microdroplets of water on the treated sample, or

• force microscopy in ambient conditions. Au NPs were synthesized by chemical reduction of metal salts and functionalized with thiols presenting different tail groups varying from a very hydrophobic to a highly hydrophilic behavior. The tail groups were either an amino (–NH2), hydroxy (–OH), carboxyl

• organosulfur (thiol) molecules having different tail groups ranging from a highly hydrophilic (–OH, –COOH, –SH, –NH2) to a partially hydrophilic (–O–CH3) and to a more hydrophobic group (–CH3). A covalent bond between the sulfur head group (–SH) and the Au atoms ensured the strong anchorage of the organosulfur

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• , shape and oxidation state of MNPs, all of which influence the magnetic properties. The preparation of homogeneous MNPs often requires the use of hydrophobic stabilizers, such as oleic acid, which protect the material from environmental oxidation [37]. Interestingly, in several published articles iron

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• ). The CNT yarn treated with AN and irradiation showed a rougher surface. The CNT yarn treated with AA exhibited a smoother appearance but wavy extensions protrude from the surface as shown in Figure 6. This is probably related to hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals and capillary force interactions

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• ° (super-hydrophobic) and high oil absorption capacity (97 times its own weight). The carbonization treatment of the CNF/PVA/GO aerogel not only improved the hydrophobic properties but also enhanced the adsorption capacity and specific surface area. Given the many good performance characteristics and the

• properties but also exhibit some drawbacks such as poor hydrophobic properties and low oil absorption capacity. Therefore, a carbonization treatment of the CNF/PVA/GO aerogels was required to improve their properties. In this work, we present a facile process for preparing carbon aerogels exhibiting super

• -hydrophobicity for oil–water separation. The CNF/PVA/GO aerogel with a macroscopic 3D structure was prepared through freeze drying to connect the three components. Then, the super-hydrophobic CNF/PVA/GO carbon aerogel was fabricated by a carbonization treatment in a tubular furnace. The as-prepared carbon

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• substantially. An increase in growth rate of such thin deposits in the presence of water has already been reported by various workers [35][36][37][38][39]. On hydrophobic surfaces water does not form ordered adsorption layers as the substrate–water interaction is believed to be considerably lower than the

• fluid hydrophobic surface, e.g., chloroform or hexane surfaces, by Scatena et al. [41] demonstrated a stronger electrostatic interaction between the organic surface and water than between the water molecules due to their intramolecular hydrogen-bridge bonding. This finding may also be applicable in our

• case. On the one hand, HOPG is hydrophobic, there is an existence of stronger interaction between the water molecules with both the chloroform and the long-chain organic wax molecules, which ultimately results in holding of the water (and remnant chloroform) molecules between wax molecules for a longer

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• bonds and hydrophobic interactions and the positively charged PDDA bonds with the PSS/MWCNT layer via electrostatic and van der Waals forces. This scheme is illustrated in Figure 12. Inert gas flow In this method, the CNTs are arranged by flowing a gas along the substrate. The CNT suspension is

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• negatively charged particles is determined by the relative repulsion of the particles from the like charged confining surfaces. A height above the center of the gap indicates a higher charge on the polymer surface, which does not contain sites that could dissociate. However, it is known that hydrophobic

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• hydrophobic molecular interactions [25][26][27]. Even simple solutions of purified biopolymers and biocolloids, considered as rod-like particles, may exhibit multiple phases of self-organization depending on the rod concentration, ionic conditions, confinements, and shear forces [28][29]. Figure 1 shows an

• response to external stimuli, LCEs have been used as biologically relevant soft actuators, often being considered as artificial muscles [96], as first proposed by de Gennes [97]. However, LCEs exhibit a hydrophobic nature and lack cell adherence sites. Thus, in order to be applied for tissue engineering

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• fabricated by using a modification of the method reported elsewhere [29]. Au NPs were synthesized by borohydride reduction of gold salts in water. To 10 mL of the Au NP colloidal solution 5 mL of chloroform and 20 µL of 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) were added. A hydrophobic shell on the NP surface was formed by DDT

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• carbon materials are hydrophobic, they often should first be oxidized. In this case the hybridization degree (bonding, interconnection, dispersion) is strongly dependent on the choice of nanocarbon materials and surface functionalities, which has been evidenced by electrochemical investigation of ex situ

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• ], CTAB [66][70], or oleylamine [87] are commonly used on metal particles and provide some colloidal stability; thicker polymer shells in good solvents generally lead to greater stability [88][89]. The ligands are anchored on the cores through metal–ligand coordination, hydrophobic adsorption or

Interface conditions of roughness-induced superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces immersed in hexadecane and ethylene glycol

• Yifan Li,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2504–2514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.250

• hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces and measured slip lengths were reported by many groups [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. At the micro or nano-scale, surfaces roughness can affect the liquid flow on a surface. The effect of roughness on the slip length has been investigated by theoretical and experimental

• , hydrophobic, oleophilic and oleophobic surfaces, and there is no data for superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces. In superoleophobicity, the values of the roughness parameters are mostly larger than those of surfaces with hydrophobicity/oleophobicity. As oils are widely used as lubricants and antifreeze

• of ethylene glycol is larger than that of hexadecane as the results are related to the viscosity of the liquids given in Table 2. Slip length: The slip length is obtained from the hydrophobic forces according to Equation 1. Figure 7a shows the measured slip length as a function of the RMS roughness

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• size and density were produced by varying the angle between the plasma plume and the substrate. The electrical, optical, and hydrophobic properties of the samples were studied and discussed in relation to their morphology. All of the nanostructures were conductive, with conductivity increasing with the

• of nanoparticles, structures that have not been previously fabricated. The optical, electrical and hydrophobic properties of the samples produced were studied and discussed in relation to their morphology. The modulation of the electrical properties of the Au nanostructures by irradiation by infrared

• Optics, HR 4000). The resistivity of the samples was measured using the four-point probe method. The electrical response of the samples was studied during irradiation by a 30 mW CW laser operating at 785 nm. Also, the hydrophobic properties of the samples were tested by measuring the contact angle of a

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• . Our approach has one substantial technical problem, however, which is that the DNA nanostructure master templates cannot be used in a repetitive manner. The DNA nanostructures were partially damaged during the release of the PMMA and PLLA hydrophobic stamps from the hydrophilic master template. It

• from the template (Figure 1e). Droplets of water were added to the exposed edges of the template, separating the hydrophobic PLLA film from the hydrophilic master template by penetration into the interface between them. After one minute, the PLLA/PDMS film was peeled off and the negative replica of the

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• a plant [14]. Variations were also found between intra- and epicuticular waxes [21][22]. However the hydrophobic characteristic of epicuticular waxes and their three-dimensional micro- to nanometer-scaled structures play a crucial role in surface wettability. The liquid interaction at solid–gaseous

• below the liquid droplet, and the droplet sits partially on air [28]. On such surfaces, the adhesion of liquid is usually limited because the low hysteresis droplets roll off at low inclination angles of the surface. Plant surfaces covered with hydrophobic wax crystals of a few hundreds of nanometers

• roll off. Droplet adhesion can be improved by adding adjuvants, such as surfactants. Surfactants enhance the leaf surface wettability by reduction of the surface tension of applied liquids. Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with a nonpolar, hydrophobic structural group together with a hydrophilic

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• . PEDOT:PSS is a polymer blend in which PEDOT is conductive, hydrophobic and positively charged, and PSS is hydrophilic and charged negatively. The post-treatments take advantage of the polymers’ properties to modify the structure. When ions from concentrated sulfuric acid [45] or methanol (hydrophilic [44

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• temperatures, typically at 70 °C. Of paramount importance is the pre-treatment of the hydrophobic substrates (polyurethane and polysilicon), which can be carried out with an oxygen plasma, either by microwave generation (100 E TechnicsPlasma, Kirchheim, Germany), or by RF generation (PlasmaLab 80, Oxford

• nature of the surface is switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic through the generation of carboxy and hydroxy groups at the surface [36]. The silver deposition itself was carried out by applying a pneumatic apparatus. The capillary was attached to a small peristaltic pump that draws a mixture of an Ag