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Search for "liquids" in Full Text gives 220 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

  • Nicolas Thewes,
  • Peter Loskill,
  • Philipp Jung,
  • Henrik Peisker,
  • Markus Bischoff,
  • Mathias Herrmann and
  • Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

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  • cantilevers were then carefully rinsed in deionized water to remove unbound dopamine and dried under a laminar flow bench for at least one hour. The poly(dopamine)-covered cantilever was then inserted into the Bioscope Catalyst cantilever holder for measurements in liquids (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA
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Published 10 Sep 2014

Liquid fuel cells

  • Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

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  • . Organic compounds that are liquids at ambient conditions can be used both neat and in the form of a solution. However, they are more often used in solution because of their flammability, toxicity and, most importantly, high crossover rates. Solid organic and inorganic compounds, e.g., NaBH4, can be used
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Published 29 Aug 2014

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

  • Rana Mohtadi and
  • Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

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  • electrolytes use ethereal solvents which are more or less volatile. An attractive choice for eliminating the safety hazards of ethers would be using ionic liquids due to their very low volatility. Reversible magnesium deposition/ dissolution from phenyl magnesium bromide [39] and alkylmagnesium bromide [40
  • salts such magnesium triflate (Mg(CF3SO3)2) in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. However, magnesium metal passivation was reported to take place [39][42]. 2.1.5 On the electroactive species: In the case of typical organohalo-aluminate electrolytes, formed following the reaction between a Grignard reagent
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Published 18 Aug 2014

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

  • Kathrin Barbe,
  • Martin Kind,
  • Christian Pfeiffer and
  • Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

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  • the liquids at 0 seconds. The successive resistivity change indicates chemisorption of contaminant species (or in case of curve A, deliberately dissolved organothiols) in the ethanol samples onto the gold surface (A: 1 µM hexadecanethiol solution in ethanol of type G (see below); B: ethanol, technical
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Published 12 Aug 2014

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

  • Yunlu Pan,
  • Bharat Bhushan and
  • Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

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Published 15 Jul 2014

The optimal shape of elastomer mushroom-like fibers for high and robust adhesion

  • Burak Aksak,
  • Korhan Sahin and
  • Metin Sitti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 630–638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.74

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  • . While conventional adhesives rely on very soft materials or viscous liquids, nature offers a unique system composed of adhesive elements made of relatively rigid materials. These adhesive elements are comprised of millions of tiny fibers varying in size and geometrical complexity depending on the animal
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Published 14 May 2014

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

  • Jun Zhao,
  • Bettina Frank,
  • Frank Neubrech,
  • Chunjie Zhang,
  • Paul V. Braun and
  • Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

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  • ). The refractive indices are taken at about 1500 nm. We observe a well-modulated Fano resonance at about 1300 nm for n = 1.0 (black curve) due to the coupling of the bright superradiant and dark subradiant hybridized modes and the expected red-shift of all spectral features upon exposure to the liquids
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Published 06 May 2014

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

  • Anna V. Abramova,
  • Vladimir O. Abramov,
  • Aharon Gedanken,
  • Ilana Perelshtein and
  • Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

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  • are widely used in the industry, are the best known type of a stationary plasma discharge in liquids [6]. Currently this discharge is applied in physical and chemical studies and in the synthesis of different materials, but due to small effective volume of the discharge zone the rate of the processes
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Published 28 Apr 2014
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Published 08 Apr 2014

Challenges and complexities of multifrequency atomic force microscopy in liquid environments

  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 298–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.33

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  • : amplitude-modulation; bimodal; frequency-modulation; liquids; multifrequency atomic force microscopy; Introduction Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) refers to a family of techniques that involve simultaneous excitation of the microcantilever probe at more than one frequency [1]. The first of
  • different purposes [1][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Previous researchers have shown that the dynamics of the AFM cantilever become extremely complex for low-Q environments, such as liquids [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] (see Figure 1), and have identified phenomena such as the momentary excitation
  • that have been developed for operation in air environments, which assume a nearly-equilibrated eigenmode oscillation where all cycles are sinusoidal and similar in phase and amplitude [33][34]. Due to the short equilibration times in liquids, in bimodal operation the response of the cantilever
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Published 14 Mar 2014

Atomic layer deposition, a unique method for the preparation of energy conversion devices

  • Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 245–248, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.26

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  • usually a solid and an electrolytic liquid, and in the ‘light reactions’ of photosynthesis the two phases consist of two liquids separated by a lipidic membrane. The nature of the charge carriers that transport electrons between the bulk and the interface varies accordingly: electrons and holes in
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Published 05 Mar 2014

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

  • Tian Tian,
  • Burapol Singhana,
  • Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
  • Xianglin Zhai,
  • T. Randall Lee and
  • Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

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  • different liquids can be investigated using time-lapse AFM imaging. Investigations of surfaces throughout the course of chemical self-assembly reactions have been monitored with AFM in liquid media [27]. Further, by injecting new molecules into the sample cell, AFM-based nanofabrication can be accomplished
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Published 09 Jan 2014

Noise performance of frequency modulation Kelvin force microscopy

  • Heinrich Diesinger,
  • Dominique Deresmes and
  • Thierry Mélin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1–18, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.1

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  • the theoretical values derived from both thermal probe excitation and deflection sensor noise. Kobayashi et al. [6] focus on noise propagation in low quality factor (low-Q) environments for the application in liquids. Polesel-Maris et al. [7] studied the noise propagation in both amplitude and phase
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Published 02 Jan 2014

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

  • Benedikt Uhl,
  • Florian Buchner,
  • Dorothea Alwast,
  • Nadja Wagner and
  • R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

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  • ]; ionic liquids; scanning tunnelling microscopy; self-assembly; Introduction In the last 15 years ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted increasing attention due to their special physical and chemical properties such as a low volatility, high chemical stability, low flammability, high intrinsic conductivity
  • optimize ionic liquids for a specific application. Aside from many other applications, ionic liquids have been proposed as promising new solvents in electrochemical applications, e.g., in lithium ion batteries [8][9][10]. For the latter application, trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide [TFSA] based ionic liquids
  • have turned out to be promising candidates; members of this group, e.g., alkylmethylpyrrolidinium-[TFSA] seem to suppress dendrite formation [11]. The underlying molecular processes, however, are not yet understood. Thus, a systematic and fundamental understanding of the interface between ionic liquids
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Published 16 Dec 2013

Size-dependent characteristics of electrostatically actuated fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes based on modified couple stress theory

  • Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi,
  • Abbas Rastgoo and
  • Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 771–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.88

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  • ]. Gases or liquids that flow through nanopipes or are confined to very tiny volumes are likely to find a wide variety of applications in nanotechnology, especially in nanomachines with moving parts. CNTs are excellent options for these purposes because of their extraordinary mechanical properties, their
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Published 20 Nov 2013

Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

  • Pavel V. Komarov,
  • Pavel G. Khalatur and
  • Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 567–587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.65

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  • ][99][100]. In the Zundel cation, the proton mainly resides in between two water molecules, H2O…H+…OH2. The Eigen cation consists of a hydronium core symmetrically solvated by three additional water molecules [96][97][98][99][100]. In liquid water or other hydrogen bonded liquids, the description of
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Published 26 Sep 2013

Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy of sparsely labeled tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament desmin

  • Alexander Harder,
  • Mareike Dieding,
  • Volker Walhorn,
  • Sven Degenhard,
  • Andreas Brodehl,
  • Christina Wege,
  • Hendrik Milting and
  • Dario Anselmetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 510–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.60

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  • fluorophore give rise to a local field and fluorescence enhancement. AFM topographic imaging allows for resolutions down to the atomic scale. It can be operated in vacuum, under ambient conditions and in liquids. This makes it ideal for the investigation of a wide range of different samples. Furthermore an
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Published 11 Sep 2013

A highly pH-sensitive nanowire field-effect transistor based on silicon on insulator

  • Denis E. Presnov,
  • Sergey V. Amitonov,
  • Pavel A. Krutitskii,
  • Valentina V. Kolybasova,
  • Igor A. Devyatov,
  • Vladimir A. Krupenin and
  • Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 330–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.38

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  • and contact pads. Aluminium mask e-beam vapour deposition. Anisotropic reactive ion etching of the device layer through the Al mask and mask removal. Magnetron sputtering of titanium electrodes and their isolation with silica to allow measurements in liquids. Both optical and electron-beam lithography
  • liquids [11]. An AgCl electrode dipped in a buffer solution was used as a reference electrode. The pH measurements were carried out statically in droplets without a flux of liquid. Large amounts of buffer solution with the target pH were pumped through the droplet volume to change the pH level. In Figure
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Published 28 May 2013

Influence of the solvent on the stability of bis(terpyridine) structures on graphite

  • Daniela Künzel and
  • Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 269–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.29

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  • ultrafine settings of the program. Partial charges of the atoms are assigned with the Gasteiger [25] and QEq [26] methods for UFF and Dreiding, whereas charging methods are already included in the CVFF and Compass force fields. As mentioned in the introduction, the theoretical treatment of liquids requires
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Published 22 Apr 2013
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  • of complementary methods for characterization in liquids, air and vacuum [6]. We describe here a previously introduced technique [7] similar to the original method of Garcia and co-workers (henceforth referred to as the AM-OL method), but in which the higher eigenmode is driven by using the frequency
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Published 18 Mar 2013

High-resolution dynamic atomic force microscopy in liquids with different feedback architectures

  • John Melcher,
  • David Martínez-Martín,
  • Miriam Jaafar,
  • Julio Gómez-Herrero and
  • Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 153–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.15

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  • forces can be remarkable similar. Furthermore, the reduction in noncontact forces and quality factors in liquids diminishes the role of feedback control in achieving high-resolution images. The theoretical findings are supported by atomic-resolution images of mica in water acquired with AM, FM and DAM
  • under similar operating conditions. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; dAFM; high-resolution; liquids; Introduction Since its inception [1], dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM) has proven to be a powerful yet versatile tool capable of operating in media ranging from vacuum to liquids and
  • interrogating samples ranging from stiff inorganic materials to soft biological samples, with nanoscale resolution. Recently, the achievement of atomic-resolution imaging in liquids [2][3][4][5][6] has challenged the accepted belief that high quality factors, which are a hallmark of microcantilever probes in
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Published 27 Feb 2013

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

  • Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
  • Carla Bittencourt,
  • Rony Snyders and
  • Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

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  • traditional organic electrolytes, they used ionic liquids because of their nonflammability, nonvolatility, nontoxicity, large electrochemical window, and wide liquid-phase range. Practically, VA-CNTs were etched by H2O plasma in order to open the extremities of the nanotubes prior to an electrochemical
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Published 22 Feb 2013

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques

  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Hendrik Hölscher,
  • Thomas Schimmel,
  • Mehmet Z. Baykara,
  • Udo D. Schwarz and
  • Ricardo Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 893–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.99

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  • resolution was first achieved in the 1990s. The most convincing results, however, were restricted to the so-called noncontact mode in vacuum for a long time, but recent technical developments overcame this limitation, and atomic-resolution imaging is now also a standard in liquids. Beyond pushing the
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Published 21 Dec 2012
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  • deposition, laser ablation, or thermal evaporation. The first template-grown nanowires of amorphous Si were recently reported by using ionic liquids [100][101]. Ionic liquids have proved to be a good alternative electrolyte to fabricate materials such as Al, Ti, Si, or Ge, which cannot be electrodeposited in
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Published 17 Dec 2012

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

  • Dave Maharaj and
  • Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

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  • applications in liquids requiring controlled manipulation and targeting. On the macroscale, nanoparticles in solids and liquids have been shown to reduce friction and wear. On the nanoscale, atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have been performed in single- and multiple-nanoparticle contact, in dry
  • ability to control and transport nano-objects in liquids, requires an understanding of nano-object behavior, with regards to friction, adhesion and wear, which is essential to their successful and continued application. Increasing the lifetime and efficiency of individual components of systems is crucial
  • , agglomeration of nanoparticles can prevent flow through porous media. Nanoparticles can adhere to the surface over which they flow, which results in losses and prevents their eventual recovery [12][15]. Studies have shown that surface charge can cause nanoparticles in liquids to adhere to sites in porous media
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Published 15 Nov 2012
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