Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• from 10 to 100 mg per 2000 cells. Haggstrom et al. [14] have reported sporicidal activity of corrosive halogen adducts of nanometer-scaled active metal oxides Al2O3, TiO2 and CeO2 in a solid based interaction on microfiltration membranes. The ratio of bacterial agents to metal oxide is not clear from

Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster

• Johannes Tucher and
• Carsten Streb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 711–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.83

• photocatalysts is a well-established method which gives access to materials for which light absorption, catalytic activity and selectivity can be tuned by structural and chemical modifications [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Prime examples for this approach are molecular metal oxides, so-called polyoxometalates (POMs) [7][8

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• photocatalysts has recently attracted a lot of interest. The photosensitization of transition metal oxides is a promising approach for achieving effective visible-light photocatalysis. This review article primarily discusses the recent progress in the realm of a variety of nanostructured photosensitizers such as

• quantum dots, plasmonic metal nanostructures, and carbon nanostructures for coupling with wide-bandgap transition metal oxides to design better visible-light active photocatalysts. The underlying mechanisms of the composite photocatalysts, e.g., the light-induced charge separation and the subsequent

• dots; transition metal oxides; visible-light photocatalysis; Introduction In response to the decreasing supply of fossil fuels and the environmental problems caused by their exploitation, the search for a renewable and sustainable energy supply has been intensified in the past decades. Solar energy is

Artificial sunlight and ultraviolet light induced photo-epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst

• Van-Huy Nguyen,
• Shawn D. Lin,
• Jeffrey Chi-Sheng Wu and
• Hsunling Bai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 566–576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.67

• the first systematic investigation of the photo-epoxidation of propylene over more than 50 silica-supported metal oxides, in which TiOx/SiO2 was the most effective photocatalyst [20]. Amano et al. reported that Rb-ion-modified V2O5/SiO2 was their best photo-epoxidation catalyst under UV-C light [24

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• , including Ce2O3 and Ce7O12, are known to have band gaps in the visible region [13][19][20][21]. Our team has maintained a keen interest in alternative affordable, earth-abundant, visible light absorbing metal oxides to be used in two-photon ‘Z-schemes’ for dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• energy-density is leading to the development of nanostructured metal oxides [2][3][4], because the nanostructuring allows a high specific capacity [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. These considerations brought the development of a new variety of transition metal oxide based systems [14][15][16][17][18][19

Modeling and optimization of atomic layer deposition processes on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Nuri Yazdani,
• Vipin Chawla,
• Eve Edwards,
• Vanessa Wood,
• Hyung Gyu Park and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 234–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.25

• optimization of the ALD process can ensure the desired depositions while minimizing the use of precursor material and the deposition time [16][27]. Here we develop and validate a model to perform such optimization. Previous modeling [31][32][33][34][35][36] of the penetration of metal oxides into nanometer

Preparation of NiS/ZnIn₂S₄ as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

• Liang Wei,
• Yongjuan Chen,
• Jialin Zhao and
• Zhaohui Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 949–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.107

• electrodes for water splitting by Fujishima and Honda in 1972, great efforts have been devoted to the development of highly efficient semiconductor photocatalysts for hydrogen production [4]. So far, a variety of active photocatalysts for hydrogen production, including metal oxides [5][6][7][8], sulfides [9

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• when ZnO (data not shown) or Al2O3 (Figure 1b) was used. For the initiation of the synthesis reaction the catalyst in the reaction mixture must be as close as possible to the reaction mixture surface to interact with NH3 gas. Since these metal oxides stay buried under the colemanite due to the density

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• demonstrated by Poizot et al. who used transition-metal oxides as anode materials [9]. Metal fluorides are also prominent examples as they reversibly react with lithium at relatively high voltages so that they can be used as cathode materials [5][8][12][13][14][15][16]. Fluorine is the lightest and smallest

Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 345–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.40

• into the TiO2 matrix. The results observed from this study, alongside a previous study [22] , suggest that the doping of metal and metal oxides on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles increases the value of the e−–h+ charge separation by decreasing the band-gap energy, and leads to a delay in the

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• [14], aerobic oxidation of alcohols [15], and oxidation of organosilanols [16]. Until recently, high activities for the CO oxidation over Au catalysts were only reported for gold nanoparticles of a few nanometers in diameter, which are supported on reducible metal oxides such as TiO2, CeO2 and Fe2O3

• nature of the supporting material was found to be decisive for the catalytic activity, with high activities only for catalysts supported on active, reducible metal oxides and only very low activities for those based on inert, nonreducible metal oxides [19][25]. For this reason, the finding of high

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• gas and metal oxides. The dynamic interaction of NO with TiO2, SnO2, NiO, CuxO, and AuxO (x >> 1), in order of decreasing acidity, demonstrates this effect. Interactions with the metal-oxide-decorated interface can be modified by the in situ nitridation of the oxide nanoparticles, enhancing the

• a distinct sensor platform where the nanostructures control and focus a variable and efficient analyte interaction and the transfer of electrons to or from the extrinsic semiconductor interface. The in situ transformation of the deposited nanostructured metal oxides to their corresponding

• diagram [3][7] based largely on the interaction of the acidic metal oxides ranging from TiO2 to AuxO (x >> 1) and the bases NH3 to CO (Figure 2). The relative separation of the oxides and the bases within the range from hard to soft acids and bases dictates the observed responses of the interface. NH3

Plasmonics-based detection of H₂ and CO: discrimination between reducing gases facilitated by material control

• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam,
• Nicholas A. Joy,
• Benjamin Grisafe and
• Michael A. Carpenter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 712–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.81

• been a principal area of research in optical sensing devices [1][2][3][4]. The catalytic activity of highly dispersed gold particles either supported on metal oxides or embedded in metal oxides as discovered by Haruta et al. [5] served as pioneering work in the field of noble-metal catalysis in general

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• in the concentration of the nanoparticles [14]. Other metal oxides, such as iron oxide, also exhibit antibacterial and antifungal properties, as have been reported by Prucek et al. [15]. In a photocatalysis process, electron–hole pairs are generated through photonic excitation of wide-band-gap metal

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• to another with indistinguishable symmetries. However, as long as tip–sample interactions are predominantly electrostatic in nature (e.g., on ionic crystals such as NaCl and KBr, as well as most metal oxides), method A holds a notable advantage over the other methods, as it allows the correction of

Functionalised zinc oxide nanowire gas sensors: Enhanced NO₂ gas sensor response by chemical modification of nanowire surfaces

• Eric R. Waclawik,
• Jin Chang,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Isabella Concina,
• Dario Zappa,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Nunzio Motta,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 368–377, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.43

• at a hundreds of ppm level [19]. So, our results with pure ZnO here clearly reflect the different reactivity of these gaseous molecules with metal oxides. Furthermore, the response of pure ZnO to NH3 is usually only enhanced at high temperature (around 300 °C) [20], but this is not compatible with

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 351–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.40

• nanomaterials can make a fundamental contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, allowing the creation of large sensor networks to monitor countries and cities, improving our quality of life. Nanowires and nano-platelets of metal oxides are at the forefront of the research to improve sensitivity

Forming nanoparticles of water-soluble ionic molecules and embedding them into polymer and glass substrates

• Stella Kiel,
• Olga Grinberg,
• Nina Perkas,
• Jerome Charmet,
• Herbert Kepner and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 267–276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.30

• area of nanostructured composites is aimed at studying their fundamental properties as well as applications in tissue engineering, nanooptics and nanoelectronics [1][2][3][4][5]. Unlike the synthesis of NPs of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, and even some metal fluorides, the synthesis of NPs of

Noncontact atomic force microscopy study of the spinel MgAl₂O₄(111) surface

• Morten K. Rasmussen,
• Kristoffer Meinander,
• Flemming Besenbacher and
• Jeppe V. Lauritsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 192–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.21

• ); polar surfaces; reconstructions; spinel; Introduction While the application of metal oxides in, e.g., catalysis, gas sensors, fuel cells, high-k dielectrics and corrosion protection has seen a very strong development, fundamental research on the surface properties of metal oxides has been a topic of

• and in particular a direct atomic-scale characterization of the surface structure is largely missing for a range of important metal oxides. In recent years, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has been established as a unique tool to provide atomic-resolution real-space images of all types

• of flat surfaces regardless of the conductivity of the material, including many of the important insulating metal oxides [2][3][4]. The NC-AFM, applied to metal-oxide single-crystal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum, thus allows the first detailed characterization of surface morphology down to the

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• remains a complex task, and hence detailed photocatalytic-activity studies of such films are scarce. In particular, suitable well-defined mesoscopic, photocatalytically active metal oxides would be ideal materials for a case study to address the importance of high crystallinity coupled with a well

• -developed mesostructure. It has been often stated that the performance of mesoporous metal oxides requires both features to be optimized at the same time, but to the best of our knowledge no systematic study has been performed in the field of photocatalysis. Various oxides with high crystallization

• , temperature-dependent structural analysis proved that mesoporosity itself is not sufficient to endow metal oxides with advanced physicochemical performance. Experimental section Film fabrication MgCl2 (47 mg; 99.99%, Aldrich) and Ta(OC2H5)5 (500 mg; 99.98%, Aldrich) were dissolved separately in ethanol (2 g

Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography

• ChaMarra K. Saner,
• Kathie L. Lusker,
• Zorabel M. LeJeune,
• Wilson K. Serem and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 114–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.12

• on a wide range of substrates, such as glass [32], mica [33][34][35], quartz [36][37], indium tin oxide (ITO) [38], or silicon (Si) [11][32][39][40][41][42] or metal oxides such as gold [43][44]. This versatility of organosilanes in the preparation of nanostructures on different surfaces will be

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• selectively assemble on the surfaces of metal oxides rather than on SiO2 surfaces in an aqueous medium, due to the sensitivity of Si–O–P bonds to hydrolysis [19][20][21]. In this review paper, the chemisorption and assembly of several phosphonic-acid-containing organic compounds on imogolite nanotubes, based

• water. However, if the pH is too low, the phosphate group may cause the dissolution of metal oxides. It was reported that PhPO(OH)2 can cause the release of aluminum cations from the alumina surface by cleavage of Al–O–Al bonds at pH 4 [54]. In this work, the acidity of the initial reaction mixture was

• electrostatic repulsion [48]. Moreover, surface bonds between organosilane and the external surface of imogolite have been reported to be labile in a humid atmosphere [49]. On the other hand, organophosphorous compounds appear complementary to organosilanes, as they show an excellent affinity toward metal

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• -formation of porosity was first seen in the synthesis of metal oxides starting from metal alkoxides in water droplets (Figure 8) [154][156]. Here, the hydrolysis and condensation induce the formation of small molecules, namely water and alcohol, which then create porosity in a random manner. Recently Su and

• ]. Reprinted from [147][152]. Copyright 2008 and 2009, with permission from Elsevier. Schematic representation of the formation of micro-meso-macroporous metal oxides (zirconia) [154]. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. Isolated

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• ceria and other electron deficient metal oxides, such as zirconia [30][31] and titania [33], are active in direct carboxylation of methanol to DMC, they are also easily deactivated, sometimes already before recycling experiments can be started, resulting in only marginal methanol conversion. It can be