Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• (orthorhombic Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O) was detected. In addition to amorphous zinc phosphate, hopeite and parahopeite were identified as reaction products from non-coated ZnO-NP and phosphate in sodium nitrate solution [24] (but no dihydrate), and hopeite and dihydrate during the precipitation of zinc phosphate in cell

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• synthesized in situ from nickel nitrate hexahydrate and ammoniumhydroxide in ethanol in the presence of (4-dimethylamino)pyridine (4-DMAP) as modifier in a one-pot multi-step reaction. Calcination of the CNO/4-DMAP/Ni(OH)2 composite led to the CNO/4-DMAP/NiO composite material. The electrochemical properties

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• silver nanoparticles with defined shapes and sizes is extensively described in the literature, with more than 50 publications alone by the group of Xia et al. [21]. The most common and best examined method is the polyol process during which an ionic silver salt (typically silver nitrate or silver

• quantities over a large number of experiments. Because of this, we decided to synthesize our particles by the reduction of silver nitrate with glucose in the presence of PVP according to Wang et al. [28]. This leads to high yields of spherical silver nanoparticles with diameters of around 70–120 nm and a few

• nanoparticles neither caused toxicity nor oxidative stress, while an incubation for 4 h with 100 µM (10.8 µg mL−1) silver in the form of silver nitrate strongly damaged cultured astrocytes and deprived these cells almost completely of the important antioxidant glutathione [108]. The high resistance of cultured

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• , or titanium nitrate) and embedded in a planar substrate, arranged in an array and connected to an external electrical circuitry. By using individual microelectrodes it is possible to stimulate or record neural electrical activity non-invasively, both in vivo and in vitro. For these applications

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• porous anode structure, can lead to the reduction or elimination of sulfur poisoning. The procedures used by other groups to infiltrate ceria into SOFC anodes usually involve immersing the anodes into a precursor solution, e.g., of cerium nitrate [16][18][22][23][24] or through a sol–gel route [25

Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

• Nicolas Thewes,
• Peter Loskill,
• Philipp Jung,
• Henrik Peisker,
• Markus Bischoff,
• Mathias Herrmann and
• Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

• [1]. Staphylococcus carnosus is an apathogenic member of that genus and has been described first in the early 1980s [2]. The name Staphylococcus carnosus reflects its important role in meat production as it reduces nitrate to nitrite and prevents food rancidity by producing the anti-oxidant enzymes

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• and drug delivery due to their pH sensitivity, high stability and biocompatible surfaces. Experimental Materials and characterization Potassium tetrachloroaurate (KAuCl4) was purchased from Aldrich. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was obtained from Kojima Chemicals Co. Ltd., Korea. All of the proteins, calf

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• weight 40,000 g/mol), silver nitrate (Roth, p.a.), and D-(+)-glucose (Sigma-Aldrich) were used. Ultrapure water was prepared with an ELGA Purelab ultra instrument. Suspensions for exposure were adjusted to 24, 240 and 2400 µg Ag/mL by dilution in double-distilled H2O or via ultrafiltration by using 30

Self-organization of mesoscopic silver wires by electrochemical deposition

• Sheng Zhong,
• Thomas Koch,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Harald Rösner,
• Eberhard Nold,
• Aaron Kobler,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Di Wang,
• Christian Kübel,
• Mu Wang,
• Horst Hahn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1285–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.142

• electrochemical environments as well as for the fabrication of highly-ordered, single-crystalline metal nanowires. Keywords: crystal growth; electrochemistry; electrodeposition; mesowires; nanoelectrochemistry; nanowires; self-organization; silver nanowires; silver nitrate; stability; Introduction Nanoscale and

• measurements presented in this article). STEM micrographs were acquired using an HAADF (High-Angle Annular Dark-Field) detector. Schematic diagrams of the experimental procedure. (a) By slowly freezing the silver nitrate electrolyte a thin aqueous layer of electrolyte forms between the glass slide and the ice

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• with Si–CH3 and then functionalized with Mg and Al nitrate salts, has promoted the nanocrystal growth of Mg–Al hydrotalcite on the pore walls of the SBA-15 [9]. This composite presented a high catalytic activity in the acetone condensation at 273 K. Moreover, a basic composite has been prepared from

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• of the system. To examine any counter anion effects, we further used four different kinds of cobalt salts in our photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system: cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt perchlorate and cobalt acetate. The amounts of evolved hydrogen in each system did not differ much

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• nitrate. To exclude the influence of the NO3−-ions on the embryo development 25 µM potassium nitrate controls were also run. Embryo development was assessed on a daily basis and documented by using a stereo-microscope (Olympus SZX16, Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) equipped with a camera (Olympus DP72, Olympus

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and KOH involves the following reactions [37]: The concentration of KOH is an important factor in deciding the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures that are formed. The addition of aqueous KOH into Zn salt solution leads to formation of white precipitates of Zn(OH)2

• decoration with Ag nanoparticles, which suppress the recombination of photodegenerated electrons and holes and improve sun-light utilization due to plasmonic response of Ag nanoparticles. Experimental Materials Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)·6H2O, Merck, Germany) and potassium hydroxide (KOH, SRL, India

• ) were used as the starting materials for the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, Spectrochem, India) and trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7, CDH, India) were used for the photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles onto ZnO nanostructures. Methylene blue (MB, SRL India) was used as dye for

In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers

• Tianxun Gong,
• Douglas Goh,
• Malini Olivo and
• Ken-Tye Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64

• have minimal cytotoxicity and they can be used for long term in vitro and in vivo imaging study. Experimental Materials: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihyrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), cetylmethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), silver nitrate (AgNO3), L-ascorbic acid, trisodium citrate

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• Polycrystalline Ce7O12 samples have been previously synthesized, but harsh conditions (up to 1030 °C) by reduction of CeO2 with CO were employed [25][26]. Instead, mild, surfactant-free solvothermal conditions were used to prepare mesoporous cerium oxide with oxygen vacancies. A solution of ceric ammonium nitrate

Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods

• Jinzhang Liu,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Llew Rintoul and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.56

• onto Si substrates in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) with molar ratio of 1:1. A piece of bare Si was put face-down floating on top of the nutrient solution surface. The strategy to encapsulate nanoparticles into ZnO nanorods is through a multi-step growth

• nitrate and HMTA in the solution were used to control the nanorod thickness. To grow thin nanorods, 15 mM Zn2+ in the solution was used. Thick nanorods were grown in the 30 mM solution. After growth, the sample was rinsed with DI water and dried. Afterwards, nanoparticle suspension was dropped onto the

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• using silver nitrate and a copolymer 1 from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and mono-(1H-triazolylmethyl)-2-methylacryl-β-cyclodextrin acting as reductant and stabilizer without using any additional reducing agent is reported. The reduction was carried out in aqueous solution under pH neutral conditions

• at room temperature. The results of dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy show adjustable particle sizes from 30–100 nm, due to variation of silver nitrate concentration, the polymeric reducing and stabilisation agent concentration or reaction time. The spherical

• -β-cyclodextrin [20] as reduction and steric stabilization agent without any additional reduction agent or energy source. Silver nitrate has been reduced under pH neutral conditions at room temperature. In this green one pot synthesis neither commonly used toxic reduction agent nor additional energy

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• ]. Briefly, the titania films were dipped for 1 min into a saturated nitrate solution of Cd2+ and washed with water for several times in order to eliminate excess reactive species. The deposition of Cd2+ was performed under controlled pH (≈10), which was adjusted by adding NaOH solution at 1 M. The chemical

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• iron(III) nitrate into the PEO domains and applying a UV/ozone treatment iron oxide is obtained while the organic components are removed. Thus, after an additional annealing, a hexagonal array of Fe2O3 particles is obtained and can be used as mask for a subsequent etching process. Both of the last two

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• electrolyte consisted of an aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, TeO2, and nitric acid. As shown by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray analysis), the parameters involved in the electrodeposition process, T, U, and diameter, density, and length of the channels in the template

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• show ZnO nanorods grown on paper by using a 10 mM zinc nitrate and hexamine growth solution for 10 h and 20 h, respectively. The ZnO nanorods grown with a 20 mM concentration of reactants (Figure 6e and Figure 6f) are thicker and longer as compared to the ones grown at 10 mM [27][28]. The dimensions of

• the ZnO nanorods grown under different conditions are given in Table 1. The overall loading of ZnO on the paper matrix is about 200 μg/cm2 for the sample onto which the nanorods were grown in a reaction bath with a concentration of 10 mM of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, and about 1.2 mg/cm2

• seeded paper substrates were dipped in an equimolar solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn (NO3)2·6H2O, APS Ajax Finechem] and hexamethylenetetramine [(CH2)6N4, Carlo Erba], and the admixture was maintained at 90 °C for up to 20 h, which led to the growth of hexagonal ZnO nanorods. Two different

Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

• Ali Aldalbahi,
• Jin Chu,
• Peter Feng and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

• , glycerine) is a polyol compound widely used in a diverse range of industries. For example, in the food industries it is added as a humectant, while it is also used to produce an essential ingredient (glyceryl nitrate) for explosives. Of particular relevance to the research presented in this paper is its

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• dimension to the versatility and utility of the SAMs [4][5][6][7]. Our laboratory has reported in situ transformations of siloxane-anchored SAMs in which SAM surface functionality was changed from benzene rings to arylsulfonic acids [8][9], from nitrate esters to hydroxyls [10], and from carboxylate esters

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• and characterization of hierarchical microsized nanocrystalline ceria fibre mats Formation of ceria tubes without surfactant Ceria tubes were prepared by an exotemplating technique. After controlled ageing of a sol-precursor solution prepared from cerium ammonium nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 in water and

• (5 mL) with tip dimensions of 0.8 × 40 mm at an electrode distance of 20 cm and 26 kV for 12 h. After 12 h, a dense web of PMMA fibres was collected on the copper counter electrode (15 × 15 cm2). Preparation of ceria nanotubes 1.37 g (2.5 mmol) cerium ammonium nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (Alfa Aesar, 98.0

• %, Sigma-Aldrich) in ethanol (≥99.8%, 1% methyl ethyl ketone, Carl Roth) was added under vigorous stirring to an ethanolic solution of cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (≥99.5%, p.a, Carl Roth, 0.33 mol·L−1) with 20% molar excess. A white gel formed instantaneously and was subsequently aged for an additional

Highly efficient ZnO/Au Schottky barrier dye-sensitized solar cells: Role of gold nanoparticles on the charge-transfer process

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 681–690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.73

• -nanocomposite DSSC. Experimental Preparation of ZnO/Au-nanocomposite photoelectrode All chemicals used in this study were analytical grade and were used without any further purification. Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, Merck), zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Sigma-Aldrich) and

• ][39]. Briefly, a 1 mM zinc acetate solution in isopropanol was used to prepare the ZnO seed layer on a FTO substrate followed by annealing in air at 350 °C for 5 h. A 20 mM aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine was used as a precursor solution for ZnO-nanorod growth and the