N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• dissolution of gold. We present scanning electron micrographs and elemental imaging analyses by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the effect of solutions of each species on the gold film. This work highlights the risk of unwanted etching during some routes to NHC-based surface functionalization

• conditions that the thiol-linked monolayer can be exposed to, prompting the development of alternative surface linking chemistry [12]. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based monolayers have received increasing attention for their reported stability under a variety of harsh conditions [11][13][14][15][16]. Indeed

• attachment of NHCs to gold and the properties of the corresponding monolayers have been studied using conventional surface science techniques under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions [13][14]. NHC monolayers have also been used in applications such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and surface plasmon

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• artifact from slicing the computer-aided design (CAD) into layers [47][48]. The staircase effect leads to increased surface roughness of the order of micrometers, and high surface roughness on the microneedles will require substantially more pressure to penetrate the skin. These slicing artifacts

• staircase effect, albeit on a smaller scale. The staircase effect affects the surface quality and shape accuracy for complex geometries found in bio-inspired microneedles. It may also limit design freedom, such as the structural quality of overhanging features. Taking inspiration from similar challenges in

• free-standing 3D structures for the first time [62]. They also demonstrated that 3D printing by 2GL® was faster with better surface quality and shape accuracy than 2PP layer-by-layer methods [62]. Currently, Nanoscribe GmbH & Co is exploring 2GL® in three dimensions, and we look forward to the

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• “Purity of the sacred lotus” [1] in which they described the superhydrophobic surfaces and the self-cleaning ability of some plants (the so-called “lotus effect”, see Figure 1). This paper led to a paradigm shift in surface sciences. It generated a lot of interest at the time and continues today to

• important milestone for the field of biomimetics. We, the guest editors of this thematic issue, could imagine no better way to celebrate that achievement than to gather a new set of publications in the fields of biology and materials science. In fact, these publications identify current topics in surface

• pest insects by reducing the frictional forces experienced when they walk on the leaves. This structure might also provide mechanical stability to the growing plant organs and has an impact on the wettability of the leaves. Using polymer replicas of adaxial leaf surfaces at various scales, the surface

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• , Luxembourg Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA 10.3762/bjnano.14.68 Abstract Ion beam processes related to focused ion beam milling, surface patterning, and secondary ion mass spectrometry require precision and control. Quality and cleanliness of the sample are also crucial factors

• depths. Yet, low-energy ion beams come with a variety of challenges. When such low energies are used, the residual gas molecules in the instrument chamber can adsorb on the sample surface and impact the ion beam processes. In this paper we pursue an investigation on the effects of the most common

• . Keywords: angle dependency; argon; contamination; energy dependency; ion bombardment; low energy; molecular dynamics; silicon; simulations; water; Introduction Low-energy ion beams offer substantial improvements and possibilities to reduce the damage production on the surface of samples [1][2]. In recent

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• . SEM images of a pure PVDF film in Figure 8a and Figure 8b exhibit filamentous fibers with a relatively smooth surface. In contrast, Figure 8c and Figure 8d show that the addition of ZnO to the P(VDF-TrFE) filaments leads to a rough and granular surface, caused by the aggregation of ZnO particles that

• embed onto the filament surface. By examining Figure 8e and Figure 8f, we observe that trace amounts of GR effectively inhibit the aggregation of ZnO particles, resulting in a smoother surface of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR nanofilm filaments compared to P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO. The average fiber diameters of P(VDF-TrFE

• from 65 to 85 dB, the force exerted on the surface of the piezoelectric film also increases. This leads to a corresponding increase in the peak voltage within the film, which rises from 1.76 to 3.29 V. Additionally, the stress distribution within the film exhibits an upward trend, rising from 21.9 to

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes compared to that of the free drug [18]. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, SLNs have recently gained special attention owing to their biocompatibility properties, biodegradability, relatively easy surface and composition modification, and efficacy in loading and

• used to analyze the nanoparticle surface composition and determine the possible interactions among the formulation components (Figure 4). The BNZ spectrum presented its characteristic peaks at 3264 cm−1 corresponding to N–H in the secondary amide bond, 1652 cm−1 to C=O in the amide, 1523–1400 cm−1 to N

• the 3000 cm−1 region – 2910 cm−1, 2883 cm−1, and 2854 cm−1 – due to the presence of the lipid and surfactant). In contrast, the spectra did not show peaks that could be linked to BNZ, suggesting that drug molecules were not on the nanoparticle surface but rather dispersed into the lipid matrix [24

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• detection of harmful chemicals in the environment and for food safety is a crucial requirement. While traditional techniques such as GC–MS and HPLC provide high sensitivity, they are expensive, time-consuming, and require skilled labor. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical

• , resulting in Ag nanoparticles of uniform shape and size. The study investigates the effects of various synthesis conditions on the size distribution, dispersity, and localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength of the Ag nanoparticles. To create the SERS substrate, the as-synthesized Ag nanoparticles were

• the potential to be a valuable analytical tool for monitoring environmental contaminants. Keywords: 3D printing; microfluidic droplet; SERS substrate; silver nanoparticle; smartphone detection; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful optical trace detection

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• catalytic performance in degrading the pollutants methyl orange and rhodamine B. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite is pH-dependent, related to the alterations in surface properties of the nanocomposite at different pH values. At pH 6, the nanocomposite demonstrated the highest antibacterial

• also valuable catalysts for the removal of environmental contaminants in aqueous solutions. The high surface-to-volume ratio of AgNPs provides many active sites, thereby, enhancing their catalytic activity [32]. The catalytic activity of AgNPs is also influenced by the morphology and the use of capping

• . Subsequently, AgNPs@Lac/Alg was characterized using various analytical techniques and applied for the catalytic degradation of contaminants and in bacterial activity assays. Absorption spectra were analyzed to monitor changes in physicochemical properties at the maximum peak region of surface plasmon resonance

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• formation of cerium coordination complexes on the ceria nanoparticle surface that inhibit agglomeration. Key functional groups of carboxylic acids that prevented nanoceria agglomeration were identified. A long carbon chain backbone containing a carboxylic acid group geminal to a hydroxy group in addition to

• within the rhizosphere [12][13]. Colloid stability of nanoceria is affected by temperature, pH, surface structure, surface-adsorbed organic and inorganic ligands, and metal/nonmetal ions and their concentrations in the solution surrounding the particles [14]. Nanoceria interacts with soil and plant roots

• acid coating to the particle surface [22]. Nanoceria partially dissolved in the presence of organic acids in radish root exudates [23]. Nanoceria agglomeration was reported in algae growth medium beyond 28 h of exposure [24]. Collin et al. [25] urged future studies to look into environmental exposures

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• ]. The difference in Raman signals between Ge/C-iM750 and pure Ge is more notable. New peaks appear at 252, 264, 438 and 509 cm−1, indicating further in situ surface oxidation of newly formed Ge and functional groups containing oxygen on the carbon material [47]. The intensity ratio of the Ge–Ge (ca. 300

• are well dispersed in the porous carbon matrix, while they seem to be aggregated on the carbon surface in Ge/C-HT180 or unevenly distributed in Ge/C-SS750. Electrochemical characterization The electrochemical behavior during lithiation/delithiation of Ge and Ge@C electrodes was investigated using CV

• the first specific discharge capacities and the decrease in the initial CE values of Ge@C electrodes can be attributed to the large contribution of the irreversible SEI formation because of the large surface area of biomass-derived activated carbon [62][63][64], which is electrochemically inactive, as

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• is vital to achieve uniformity of the flame characteristics in the radial direction [17], which is useful for consistent CNT growth along the metal wire in the present study. CNT growth In general, the growth of CNTs on nickel wire starts from a process of surface breakup in a carbon-rich high

• -temperature environment, which forms a rough surface covered with nanoparticles. The carbide layer formed on the wire will induce localized stress on the surface due to lattice mismatch and, consequently, a breakup along grain boundaries to yield particles of different sizes and shapes [13]. According to the

• widely accepted vapor–liquid–solid mechanism, the growth of CNTs occurs in three steps, namely, melting of nickel particles, adsorption of carbon atoms onto the surface of the metallic nickel, and finally, diffusion and deposition of the precipitated carbon, which forms tubular materials by curling of

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• technique for the analysis of an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer stack. KPFM reveals a strong dependence on the local doping concentration, allowing for the detection of the surface potential of layers with a resolution as low as 20 nm. The analysis of the surface potential allowed for the identification of space

• charge regions and, thus, the presence of several junctions along the stack. Furthermore, a contrast enhancement in the surface potential image was observed when KPFM was performed under illumination, which is analysed in terms of the reduction of surface band bending induced by surface defects by

• ; surface photovoltage; Introduction The development of photovoltaic (PV) technologies has progressed significantly over the past twenty years as a result of considerable advancements in solar cell device engineering and material science. As a consequence, solar cells have turned into complex structures

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• application of electrochemical methods in detection of pesticides has already been extensively studied [9][10][11][12][13]. Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical sensing because of their unique properties such as high chemical stability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and large surface

• -area to volume ratio to provide enhanced analyte interaction with the sensing surface [14]. Carbon-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites are being investigated for the electrochemical detection of a variety of pesticides, including organophosphates, organochlorines, and carbamates [15][16][17]. The

• collected after centrifugation. To obtain the GQDs, the final black suspension was filtered through a 0.22 µm syringe filter. Fabrication of the electrochemical sensor A mirror-like surface was first achieved on the bare GCE by polishing it with 0.3 and 0.05 μm alumina powder. In the next step the GCE was

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• micrometres in diameter, with a flat and smooth outer surface. In comparison, the hexagonal prisms in the sample calcinated at 400 °C (α-MoO3) are subdivided into numerous tabular microstructures, as displayed in Figure 1d. The tabular microstructures have a thickness of about 100 nm and a width of a few

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• chemisorption and physisorption at the nanowire interface, which suppress electronic transport inside the p-type semiconductor nanowire but enhance ionic transport in the water layers adsorbed on the nanowire surface. Possible physicochemical processes at the nanowire surface are discussed in line with

• ]. Copper oxide (CuO) nanowires are excellent candidates for applications in such devices owing to the inexpensive, simple and scalable bottom-up synthesis, and robust physical properties [7][8][9]. A high specific surface area of nanowires and a p-type semiconductor structure are suggested for highly

• , which was explained by water chemisorption on the nanowire surface [6][13][18][19]. Nevertheless, for single nanowires assembled on electrodes by dielectrophoresis (DEP), the opposite response to humidity was observed [21]. Besides, unusual responses to humidity were shown for nanowires of other

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• the surface of a torus along its meridians, which excite a set of magnetic dipoles (MDs) arranged head-to-tail into a closed loop [5]. First proposed by Zel'dovich in atomic physics [6], and existing widely in elementary particles and condensed matter, such as multiferroic materials [7], the TD cannot

• , such as surface roughness, a BIC will turn into a quasi-BIC mode with both the Q-factor and resonant bandwidth becoming limited. Many applications of quasi-BICs have been reported, including ultrasensitive sensing [13], ultra-narrow bandwidth filters [14], and enhanced nonlinear effects [15]. The BICs

• technique, with the input power intensity set as 1 mW/µm2. Within the framework of classical electrodynamics, the components of the total time-averaged force F acting on an illuminated object can be calculated using the surface integral: where S is a closed surrounding surface, n is the unit vector

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and capillary electrophoresis are common analytical techniques used to qualitatively or quantitatively determine pharmaceuticals in various matrices because they are sensitive (Figure 2), have a significant tolerable limit of

• , environmental, food safety, and health analyses. They have exceptional physico-chemical and opto-electronic properties, a high surface area-to-volume ratio, and their surfaces are easy to functionalize. Additionally, compared to their bulk counterparts, nanomaterials are particularly sensitive to changes in

• surface chemistry, enabling nanosensors to achieve extremely low detection limits. Numerous nanomaterials shown in Figure 3 have different functionalities, including high conductivity, good catalytic activity, and optical and plasmonic properties, making them attractive candidates for opto-electrochemical

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• transmission electron microscopy. Also, specific surface area and photoluminescence with optical absorbance were evaluated. By varying the synthesis parameters (especially the working pressure), different TiO2 nanopowders were obtained, whose photodegradation properties were tested compared to a commercial

• (Figure 2c). The highest number of spheres compared to the total number of particles are in sample TO-850-b (7.6%) and the fewest in sample TO-250-b (1.9%). The HRTEM images (Figure 3) show the crystal structure of the TO-850-a powder with point defects and some residual impurities at the particle surface

• . The interplanar distance of 0.32 nm (Figure 3, right) corresponds to the c axis of the rutile phase (2.96 Å from XRD measurements). The specific surface areas of series “a” of TiO2 powders obtained with increasing pressure in the reaction chamber are 78.0, 82.7, 89.9, and 57.9 m2/g, respectively. The

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• microscope [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In this context, setae morphology and mesh size of the filtering structure and the surface chemistry and forces (e.g., van der Waals forces) of feeding structures and particles are of high importance, especially when the particles are of smaller diameter

• system containing short and long setae. The results are presented in Figure 7. It is important to note that the angle ϕmin = −0.5π (here the basic segments run parallel to the surface z = 0) yields worse results than the optimal angle ϕmin = −0.4π. The dynamic behavior of the systems with different

• setae and particles, which depends on setae morphology, mesh size of the filtering structure, and the surface chemistry and forces of feeding structures and particles [14][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], has been observed previously under binocular microscopes [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• thermal conductance begins to decrease again until 55° or so, before increasing dramatically. The large increase at very high kink angles is due to the anomalous geometry in the systems. When the angle becomes steep, the surface area at the knee begins to grow as the two angled segments begin to clip into

• distances without scattering off a surface. With a small ratio, we must take into account the nature of phonon scattering and reflection into our model of heat transport. This idea ties in to the familiar Knudsen number, Kn = λ/L, with λ being some transport mean free path and L being a measurement of the

• . In the case of phonon transport, we often take this as an indicator of strong ballistic transport over diffusive modelling. Through the design of these systems, two factors control the limitation of the mean free path for heat transport by inducing phonon collisions with a surface. The first is the

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• of SiC nanomaterials through surface carbonization of SiC nanowires and hydrolysis. SiC@C-ZnO composites were synthesized with different dosages of ZnNO3·6H2O. Composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. Results from TEM and XRD show

• that crystalline ZnO particles adhere to the surface of amorphous carbon, and the ZnO content increases as a function of a dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O. The as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids exhibit effective electromagnetic absorption, which is related to a synergy effect of different dielectric loss processes

• parameters of SiC can be effectively adjusted by means of morphology design [9][10][11], doping [12][13][14], and surface modification [15][16][17], thereby improving their EM absorption properties. However, the design of SiC-based absorbers with relatively high reflection loss (RLmin < −60 dB) and, at the

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering (MS) and their evaluation as potential substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are reported. Ag layers of comparable thicknesses were deposited using PLD and MS on nanostructured GaN platforms. All fabricated SERS

• : GaN/Ag; magnetron sputtering; nanofabrication; pulsed laser deposition; SERS substrates; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and specific technique with multiplexing capabilities [1][2][3][4]. It is considered for

• following the procedure described elsewhere [31][32]. The surface morphology depends on the time of photoetching and the overall dislocation density [32]. Next, the fabricated nanostructured GaN platforms were coated with a Ag layer using PLD and MS to form GaN/Ag SERS substrates (Figure 1). To compare SERS

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• simulations. Our findings have potential applications regarding the mode selectivity in BIC devices to manipulate the lasing mode in photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers or the radiation pattern in nonlinear optics. Keywords: bound states in the continuum; bulk modes analysis; photonic crystal

• influenced by both the radiative part Qr and a nonradiative part Qnr via 1/Q = 1/Qr + 1/Qnr provided that the material is lossless. Qnr incorporates defects such as structural disorder, surface roughness, and fabrication errors. The simulation of the unit cell was performed by COMSOL Multiphysics with

• nonradiative part of the Q factor mentioned above. Qnr is caused by structural imperfections and disorders, including roughness on the surface, tilted sidewalls, and incomplete etching of the AlGaAs layer, as shown in Figure 3a. Theoretically, resonances of high-order modes have lower Q factors and longer

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• produced by the impinging liquid drops over the heated surface of the transducer. The temperature change and the heat flow produced by the liquid as it gets in contact with the heated surface were estimated by dripping a liquid (of about 6.5 µL) into an empty crucible kept at 55 °C inside a

• regarding the width of the peaks. The interaction of the liquid with the hot crucible is analogous to the interaction of the liquid with the transducer from the thermal point of view. In both cases, the contact of the liquid with the hot surface causes a temperature drop due to the heat transfer from the

• surface to the fluid. However, as the liquid reaches thermal equilibrium with the surface (minimum point), the heat flow changes direction and the temperature of the system increases, favoring the evaporation of the fluid. Thus, in Figure 5b, we observe a strong correlation between the width of the heat

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• as shell components [22][23][24][25]. All these biotechnological and multidisciplinary approaches are concerned with cell surface engineering for efficient encapsulation using divers nanomaterials. However, a recent review article published by Homburg and Patel [26] showed the necessity to solve

• confer a shell structure to the unicellular organisms to improve their inherent properties and functions. In fact, the so-called “cellular shellization” has been proposed to obtain a cell surface allowing for applications in advanced technologies and biomedicine including cell delivery and cell therapy

• for cancer treatment [31]. Results and Discussion Sepiolite–biopolymer microalgal biohybrids Sepiolite, a microfibrous hydrated magnesium silicate with the formula Si12O30Mg8(OH,F)4(H2O)4·8H2O [32][33][34], shows interesting surface properties and high viscosity [27][33][34][35]. These properties make