Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• (Figure 3g,h) show a varying degree of perforation and erosion. Within these spheres, fibrous structures probably consisting of graphitic carbon are formed with a thickness of 7–9 nm, as detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The observed thickness matches very well with the average stacking

• the same FE-SEM with an EDX large-area silicon-drift detector (Oxford X-Max 50), using an accelerating voltage of 15 kV with a counting time of 5 min per spot. Bright-field transmission electron microscopy (BF-TEM) images were taken with a JEOL1400 instrument equipped with a CCD camera. For sample

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• siRNA duplex integrity as well as siRNA surface density. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrophoresis were used to study the effect of scaling up the AuNP-siRNA synthesis and long term storage of its suspension on physicochemical properties of the

• stability of the AuNP-siRNA suspensions during storage by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering, studied the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), determined spectral characteristics of the AuNP-siRNA, and monitored the preservation of the siRNA on the AuNP surface by electrophoresis

• λem = 700 nm [17]. The measurements were performed at least in triplicate. Transmission electron microscopy of AuNP-siRNA AuNP-siRNA samples ×1 and ×10 were diluted ten times and adsorbed on formvar-coated copper grids. The excess of the liquid was removed by a pipette, and the grid was air dried. The

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• ZnFe2O4. In addition, the results of field-emission scanning electron microscopy and (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy indicated that the synthesized samples had the structure of hollow spheres distributed uniformly onto rGO nanosheets. The diameters of the spheres were determined as

• (FESEM, Hitachi S4800). The nanostructure of the products was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100). High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mappings were recorded using a field-emission transmission electron microscope (Tecnai G2 F30 S-TWIN, FEI

• the 0.5 wt % ZnFe2O4/rGO composite. Furthermore, the composition of the sample was analyzed by high-angle annular dark-field imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and EDS. The element mappings in Figure 6e reveal the existence of C, Zn, Fe and O in the 0.5 wt % ZnFe2O4/rGO

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• particle size distribution of 500 nanoparticles of each certain type. The average size of the core–shell particle does not exceed 100 nm, as observed from transmission electron microscopy images (Figure 6, Figure 7a). The results of the elemental mapping of nanoparticles (Figure 7b) shows that copper and

• retaining their properties for several months. The transmission electron microscopy image shows core–shell particles, Janus-like nanoparticles, and individual particles SiOx (Figure 6). The modelling of the nanoparticle formation from the original nanoscale droplets described above suggests that Cu–SiOx

• structure. The structure of a Cu–Si nanocluster with a silicon content of 50 atom % at different times at a cooling rate of 0.002 K/ps after a) 0.75 ns, b) 7.5 ns, c) 75 ns, and d) 750 ns; top row: cross section, bottom row: outside view. Transmission electron microscopy of the Cu–SiOx Janus-like, Cu@SiOx

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• study, i.e., oleate-capped UCNPs with a NaYF4 host structure and doped with 18% Yb and 2% Er, were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method [16] yielding spherical particles of low polydispersity. A typical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image is shown in Figure 1A. The diameter

• in 10 mL of EtOH. Characterization Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) STEM images were recorded with a Hitachi SU 8030 scanning electron microscope in STEM mode with an electron acceleration voltage of 30 kV and a current of 20 µA. A droplet of a dispersion (c = 0.5–1 g/L) of the

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• temperature toluene and benzene sensor based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with gold nanoparticles and functionalised with a long-chain thiol self-assembled monolayer, 1-hexadecanethiol (HDT). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared

• characterisation Transmission electron microscopy characterisation In order to carry out high-resolution transmission electron microscope characterisation, MWCNTs were deposited onto a silicon substrate. Then, a sputtering process was conducted to deposit the Au nanoparticles. Afterwards, Au-decorated MWCNTs were

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• . Moreover, the negative charge of C974P and CUR hindered the exploration of the structure at higher magnification due to the interaction of these components and the microscopic filaments. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy The nanostructured organization of the polymeric systems is

• evidenced in Figure 5. In the absence of CUR, the micelles (Figure 5A and 5B) are represented by the white spherical shapes of approximately 20 nm in diameter. Some authors have performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of P407-systems and showed smaller micelles (≈10 nm) with higher homogeneity [56

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• -4, C-MoS2/rGO-6, C-MoS2/rGO-8) with a 3:1 mass ratio was calcined at 155 °C for 12 h in a sealed vessel. Materials characterization The structure and morphology were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, INSPECT F50) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, ZEISS

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• PCE of the OPV is enhanced from 5.69% to 6.47%. To the best of our knowledge, the addition of FeS2 NCs to a PTB7:PC71BM active layer has not been analyzed before. Results and Discussion Semispherical FeS2 NCs with an average size of 20 ± 4 nm were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• and pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g. The cisplatin/CuFe2O4/HYPS nanoformulation showed the accumulation of copper ferrite nanoparticles on the surface and in the pores of HYPS with a surface area of 45 m2/g, pore size of 16 nm and pore volume of 0.18 cm3/g. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy

• ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The study showed the high cisplatin release capability and targeted anticancer efficiency demonstrated in vitro in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Materials

• distribution of (a) HYPS and (b) 30 wt% CuFe2O4/HYPS. FTIR spectra of HYPS and 30 wt % CuFe2O4/HYPS. Transmission electron microscopy of (a, b) 30 wt % CuFe2O4/HYPS at different scale magnifications and (c, d) high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images of CuFe2O4/HYPS. Vibrating sample magnetometer spectrum of 30 wt

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• -dispersive spectrometry (EDS) using an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2100) were used to study the morphology, structure and elemental distributions of the samples. Elemental composition of the as-prepared materials and valence states of each element were

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• intensity distributions (Supporting Information File 1). Because of the limitation of the CONTIN algorithm used by this DLS analysis to determine a bimodal distribution of particle sizes [34], the predominance of small nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging (Figure 4

• the material R.I. = 1.465, which corresponds nearly to the refractive indices of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate Mn = 500 Da (R.I. = 1.467) as well as of the ε-caprolactone repeating units (R.I. = 1.463), as reported by the supplier (Sigma Aldrich). Transmission electron microscopy TEM images were

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• -ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaku Industrial Corporation, Osaka, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å, operated at 40 kV and 100 mA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEM-2100, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) was used to characterize the morphology of the samples. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• maximum conversion of 83% after 24 h, the ETS-10-based catalyst reached 100% after 8 h, revealing its higher stability compared to CaO. The following characteristics of the catalysts were experimentally addressed – crystal structure (X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy), crystal shape and

• catalysts were characterized to obtain quantitative information on properties such as crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystal size by laser diffraction, crystal morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore width by N2 sorption and Hg

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• :Eu2+, was purchased from Zhuhai Hanbo (HB-640, Guangdong, China). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM; JEOL 2100F, operated at 200 kV) was employed to examine the morphology of the N-CDots. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were performed using a Thermo Scientific K

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• for transmission electron microscopy experiments. The manuscript was written through contributions from all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. The Authors declare no competing financial interests.

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• analyzed with a fluorescence microscope (Cytation Cell Imager; BioTek Instruments, Inc). Transmission electron microscopy TEM images were recorded using a Titan FEI microscope, operating at 300 kV and fitted with a post-column Gatan Tridiem GIF 863 imaging filter. Samples were dispersed in water at a

• with camera setting of 380 gain and shutter speed of 15 ms with auto particle detection settings. The instrument was calibrated with 100 nm standard polystyrene beads with known concentrations prior to sample recordings. Scanning transmission electron microscopy A FEI Titan 80-300 TEM/STEM (spherical

• high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images further confirmed the existence of dimeric structures (Figure 5A), composed of a brighter core and a darker attachment. STEM-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping measurements were conducted to analyze

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• the hydrogel core surface, and the SEM images demonstrate the attachment of colloidal THPC gold onto the pDADMAC-modified hydrogel core particles. To analyze the structure and morphology of the THPC gold-seeded pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel core particles in greater detail, we employed transmission electron

• microscopy (TEM). Figure 2a shows representative images of the THPC gold-seeded on pDADMAC-modified pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel core particles. The TEM measurements reveal high populations of THPC gold seeds uniformly distributed over the modified hydrogel surfaces. The images reveal the manner in which the

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• nanoparticles designed for use as MRI contrast media are precisely examined by a variety of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZF-NMR) spectroscopy. TEM and XRD measurements reveal

• within the coherent X-ray scattering region, and the size can be slightly different from the values obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images of the nanoparticles are presented in Figure 2. The particle size distribution estimated from the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images is

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• below 100 nm and negative charges will be more suitable for lung cancer treatment. The morphology of the DiP and P2P was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, Figure 3C,D). P2P and DiP demonstrated roughly homogeneous rod shapes in TEM but showed spherical

• Hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the phytosomes were analyzed by DLS on a Malvern Instruments Zetasizer HS III (Malvern, UK) at room temperature. The morphology of the phytosomes was recorded by using atomic force microscopy (AFM, Multimode 8, Bruker, USA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• 3317 cm−1, indicating the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between C-WY molecules in the hydrogel (Figure 1B). Further characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to inspect the morphology of the hydrogel (Figure 1C,D). The fibers in

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The as-grown structures subsequently underwent rapid thermal annealing (550–900 °C for 1 min) in N2 ambient atmosphere. The structures were investigated using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy together with spectral photocurrent

• incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Strain relaxation and its effect on the formation of NCs and the resulting interface integrity was studied and compared with structures having a thicker (ca. 200 nm) SiGe layer [23], deposited by radio

• (111) peak shifted towards the standard Ge position) or SiOx (will be discussed later in this section). Hence, with increasing annealing temperatures, the formation of additional interfaces is likely to occur. In Figure 4a, a cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) image of the sample

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• solvent B was 0.09% trifluoroacetic acid with 80% acetonitrile solution. The peptide conjugation efficiency was calculated according to the following formula: Characterization of PEG-SPIONs The morphological shape of the PNPs was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (H-600, Hitachi, Japan

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• electron microscopy. Curcumin was encapsulated with a maximum encapsulation efficiency of around 60% using Tween 85 as the non-ionic surfactant. Niosomes prepared by microfluidic mixing provided a controlled release of curcumin, as indicated by the release profile of curcumin, improving its therapeutic

• had an average particle size of 70–230 nm depending on the type of non-ionic surfactant used and the mixing parameter. Moreover, all prepared niosomes were monodisperse with an average polydispersity index ranging from 0.07 to 0.3. All prepared niosomes were spherical as demonstrated by transmission

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• light scattering (ELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The obtained results showed that the molar ratio of reactants was more important for the successful preparation of stable NPs than all other parameters and experimental conditions. With regard to using CYS as a stabilizing