Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• ]. However, the addition of another oxide component described in these papers involves complicated and expensive vapor preparation techniques (e.g., chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), ion-beam or laser-assisted techniques, spray pyrolysis), expensive dedicated equipment (e.g

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• stoichiometry of the oxygen-to-titanium content ratio play a major role in the electrical properties of TiO2 [17]. Different ways in which TiO2 can be prepared include sol–gel process [18][19][20], flame spray synthesis [21], hydrothermal process [22], electrospinning methods [23], chemical and physical vapor

• deposition [24][25], and thermal, chemical, and electrochemical (anodization) oxidation [26][27][28][29]. Thermal and chemical oxidation seem to be the easiest to perform, the least expensive, and have interlaboratory reproducibility as an additional advantage. TiO2 is obtained mainly in form of thin film

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• derived using the behavior of similar alloys [10] transposed onto point data [15]. The material properties of the various common passivation materials considered [16] (Table 1) are from the element library of COMSOL for SiO2 and Si3N4, and from literature for low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor

• deposition SiO2 [2][17] and Si3N4 [18]. The “ON” and “OFF” states of the device are represented via interchangeable sets of materials properties for the CoFeB layers [4][13] (Figure 2, Figure 3) that are chosen based on the desired switching operation to be simulated (anti-parallel properties to simulate an

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• . The pattern of the photomask will determine the later dimensions of a surface structure [49]. This method can be combined with other procedures such as physical or chemical vapor deposition where the height of the pattern can be further controlled by depositing a nanometrically controlled layer, often

• ) of fibronectin [78]. Nanoskiving is a less conventional technique for the fabrication of nanostructures, where basically a thin metal film is embedded between two epoxy layers. One of the epoxy layers contains a nano- or micropattern on which the metal layer is deposited (e.g., through vapor

• deposition). Then, a second epoxy block is cured on top of the deposited metal layer and the molding of this second epoxy layer represents the underlying nanostructure. Thus, thin sections (ca. 30 nm) can be obtained by ultramicrotomy, which are then transferred to a silicon substrate used as a master to

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• [18] and biosensors [19]. To produce high-quality Ge particles packed into different matrices, various approaches are reported in scientific papers such as pulsed laser deposition [20][21], sol–gel [22], evaporation under vacuum [23], chemical vapor deposition [24], microwave-assisted heating [25

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• , hydrophobic monolayer-covered surfaces, terminated with octadecylsilyl (CH3(CH2)17-) or perfluoroalkyl (CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2-) groups, were prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ODS or FAS17 [36], respectively. UV–ozone treated Si substrates (2 × 2 cm2 and 5 × 5 cm2) were placed on a heat-resistant

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• nanofabrication approaches, which allows for producing nanostructures with complex shapes and morphologies not possible to achieve using classical routes [1]. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a very simple and efficient process usually used for the growth of thin films finding application in a wide range of

• [6][7]. The formation of hillocks has been encountered in case of various processes such as evaporation and sputtering [7][8][9], ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) [10][11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12][13] and electroplating [14]. Hillocks are the outcome of a nodular growth taking place

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• SWNT, i.e., the area of a parallelogram OACB, and δ is the distance between nearest-neighbor C–C atoms in adjacent SWNTs (0.34 nm for the ideal case) [42]. The value obtained for close-packed SWNTs produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is about one order of magnitude lesser than that of

• surface defects introduced during grafting the CNT on fibers through CVD. The deleterious effect of CNT grafting depends upon the nature of fiber, the surface treatments and growth conditions [129]]. Chemical vapor deposition: The most commonly used synthesis of CNTs is the reaction of a gaseous carbon

• feedstock on catalyst particles, i.e., chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [2][36]. CNT can be produced by using organo-metallic compounds as precursor (e.g., ferrocene), a carbon feedstock (e.g., toluene) and a carrier gas (e.g., hydrogen) [130]. It is difficult to control the diameter of the nanotubes

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• a JOEL scanning electron microscope (JSM T200, Japan) with an electron beam energy of 30 kV. For this purpose, a thin layer of gold (50 Å) was deposited using physical vapor deposition. The pH measurements were performed using a bench top pH meter (HI 2210, HANNA Instruments, Romania) with a

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• vapor deposition (c-CVD) [20]. This is the most common method of MWCNT synthesis. The inherent consequence of the application of a metal catalyst (e.g., ferrocene, aluminum oxide) is the presence of a nanometallic deposit in the tubes [21]. Thus obtained MWCNTs are already an interesting scaffold for

Signal enhancement in cantilever magnetometry based on a co-resonantly coupled sensor

• Julia Körner,
• Christopher F. Reiche,
• Thomas Gemming,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Gerald Gerlach and
• Thomas Mühl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1033–1043, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.96

• individual nanotube was picked from a forest of FeCNTs grown by chemical vapor deposition [10] by a Kleindiek micromanipulator and placed at the free end of the cantilever. Electron beam-induced deposition of amorphous carbon on the contact point between FeCNT and cantilever ensures a strong attachment of

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• discharge in presence of metal nanoparticles [17], high-energy laser excitation of ethylene at high temperatures [18] and chemical vapor deposition using catalysts [19]. There are some excellent reviews devoted to C-onions and their chemistry and applications [20][21]. Due to the intricate processes, the

• conventional synthetic methods such as arc-discharge and chemical vapor deposition are insoluble in water, which restricts their use in analytical, biological and biomedical applications. Our results showed that water-soluble C-onions could be prepared by a simple carbonization method using tomatoes as carbon

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• compared to CVD, and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): high quality, most common method with low batch yield (≈30 mg/day). In the arc-discharge method, the carbon is evaporated by helium plasma ignited by high current passed through an opposing carbon anode and cathode. This method requires the use of a

• acid [53]. In both the arc discharge and laser ablation methods, bundles of MWNTs and SWNTs held together by van der Waals forces are generated by the condensation of carbon atoms generated from the evaporation of solid carbon sources. The third method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), involves the

• few defects [134]. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CVD method is commonly used to produce large-area uniform graphene films [77][135]. Similar to the CVD method used to grow CNTs, graphene can be grown from gases containing C on catalytic metal surfaces or by surface segregation of C dissolved in

Dependence of lattice strain relaxation, absorbance, and sheet resistance on thickness in textured ZnO@B transparent conductive oxide for thin-film solar cell applications

• Kuang-Yang Kou,
• Yu-En Huang,
• Chien-Hsun Chen and
• Shih-Wei Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 75–80, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.9

• resistance. These experimental results reveal the optical and material characteristics of the TCO layer, which could be useful for enhancing the performance of solar cells through an optimized TCO layer. Keywords: absorbance; low-pressure chemical vapor deposition; strain relaxation; transparent conductive

• meV), high thermal stability, high transparency, and high conduction, wurtzite ZnO is a very promising TCO material used for the front contact, barrier layer, and intermediate reflector in solar cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) can be implemented to

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• is the direct impregnation of textiles in the reactant solution. Other methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silver NPs on textiles have also been used [1]. Among the various other coating techniques the sonochemical immobilization was carried out on a large variety of substrates

Sub-monolayer film growth of a volatile lanthanide complex on metallic surfaces

• Hironari Isshiki,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Kevin Edelmann and
• Wulf Wulfhekel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2412–2416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.248

• known as volatile lanthanide complexes since the 1970s and have been used as precursors in chemical vapor deposition in the thin-film industry [10]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been only one paper that reports on the characterization of isolated molecules of ruthenium (platinum

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• materials [10]. Although MnS NCs have been synthesized by different methods, including chemical vapor deposition [11][12][13] and hydrothermal [14][15][16] methods, here we focus on NCs synthesized by solvothermal methods, which usually allow more experimental flexibility and improved NC control. Whereas

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• a fine selection of grafted species and tuning of electronic properties. Experimental vCNTs were produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts were prepared by magnetron sputtering; first, a 30 nm Al2O3 buffer layer was deposited on Si wafers with

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• physical vapor deposition and sputtering have been proven to be a good technique for the preparation of thin films of E@ZnO on different substrates [31][32][33][34]. Despite some inherent advantages such as good crystallinity of the materials, some drawbacks of the mentioned physical methods are that they

Enhanced model for determining the number of graphene layers and their distribution from X-ray diffraction data

• Beti Andonovic,
• Abdulakim Ademi,
• Anita Grozdanov,
• Perica Paunović and
• Aleksandar T. Dimitrov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2113–2122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.216

• attracted great interest in terms of fundamental studies as well as potential applications [2]. To date, several methods have been used to produce high-quality graphene sheets, such as mechanical exfoliation of graphite, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of gases containing carbon atoms on the surface of

Effect of SiN_x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

• Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal,
• Eric Aubry,
• Nouari Chaoui and
• Didier Robert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2039–2045, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.207

• plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, respectively. In this paper, we studied the effect of the SiNx thickness on thin TiO2 layers coated by either a soft chemistry (sol–gel) or physical (reactive sputtering) method. In earlier work, we studied the concentration of Na+ ions as a function of the SiNx

Nitrogen-doped graphene films from chemical vapor deposition of pyridine: influence of process parameters on the electrical and optical properties

• Andrea Capasso,
• Theodoros Dikonimos,
• Francesca Sarto,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Giovanni De Bellis,
• Maria Sabrina Sarto,
• Giuliana Faggio,
• Angela Malara,
• Giacomo Messina and
• Nicola Lisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2028–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.206

• Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell'Energia Sostenibile (DIIES), Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.6.206 Abstract Graphene films were produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of

• production of high-quality graphene for electronics is probably chemical vapor deposition (CVD). By this technique it is possible to produce graphene with large grain sizes and high crystalline quality over large areas [14]. Nonetheless, the sheet resistance of most CVD-graphene films (even in single-crystal

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
• D. Howard Fairbrother and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

• attributes: i) sufficient vapor pressure to facilitate their introduction into a vacuum chamber, ii) chemical stability under ambient conditions and iii) non-toxicity and easy handling. These criteria are the same as those that define suitable precursors for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [4][5]. Because of

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• : 65.3 kJ·(mol H2)−1 bulk material: 74 kJ·(mol H2)−1). Hydriding chemical vapor deposition (HCVD) is also a powerful method to produce in situ high purity nano/microscale MgH2 under hydrogen. This method, which enables to play with temperature and pressure, is a nice tool for the preparation of a variety

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• electronic scattering and phonon scattering are very likely to be disturbed at the boundary. The fundamental studies on the atomic structure of graphene have a significant impact on the large-scale applications of graphene. Graphene synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) often exhibits a