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Search for "vapor deposition" in Full Text gives 277 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

  • Neda Neykova,
  • Jiri Stuchlik,
  • Karel Hruska,
  • Ales Poruba,
  • Zdenek Remes and
  • Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

Graphical Abstract
  • advantageously used for all other thin-film solar cells. So far, a wide diversity of methods have been used for the preparation of ZnO nanocolumns such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) [11], electrochemical deposition [12], sputtering [13], reactive ion etching [5] and the hydrothermal method
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Published 16 Feb 2017

Fabrication of black-gold coatings by glancing angle deposition with sputtering

  • Alan Vitrey,
  • Rafael Alvarez,
  • Alberto Palmero,
  • María Ujué González and
  • José Miguel García-Martín

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 434–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.46

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  • method to produce black-metal coatings in the visible range is of the utmost importance for some of the abovementioned applications that require conducting behavior. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques are used to manufacture high-purity thin-film coatings in an environmentally friendly manner (no
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Published 14 Feb 2017

Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature

  • Tapas Ghosh and
  • Biswarup Satpati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45

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  • of CuO nanostructures on Si surfaces. There are several techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electroplating, etc., that can be used to create Cu films. For the PVD and CVD techniques, high vacuum is required, which takes enormous effort and also
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Published 13 Feb 2017

In-situ monitoring by Raman spectroscopy of the thermal doping of graphene and MoS2 in O2-controlled atmosphere

  • Aurora Piazza,
  • Filippo Giannazzo,
  • Gianpiero Buscarino,
  • Gabriele Fisichella,
  • Antonino La Magna,
  • Fabrizio Roccaforte,
  • Marco Cannas,
  • Franco Mario Gelardi and
  • Simonpietro Agnello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 418–424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.44

Graphical Abstract
  • ] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on catalytic metals [9][10] followed by the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) assisted transfer [11][12], enlarged the interest and perspectives for applications. In particular in view of the realization of electronic devices and to obtain Gr-based field effect
  • monolayer Gr and mechanically exfoliated MoS2 deposited on SiO2. The Gr samples were produced by chemical vapor deposition process on a Cu foil [11][19]. After Gr growth the foils were covered by PMMA and Cu was removed in a FeCl3 bath. Successively, a transfer process on a 300 nm thick SiO2 layer on Si
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Published 10 Feb 2017

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS2 transistors at practical operating temperatures

  • Filippo Giannazzo,
  • Gabriele Fisichella,
  • Aurora Piazza,
  • Salvatore Di Franco,
  • Giuseppe Greco,
  • Simonpietro Agnello and
  • Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

Graphical Abstract
  • demonstrated using single [3] and multilayers of MoS2 [4]. MoS2 thin films, obtained either by cleavage from the bulk material or by chemical vapor deposition, are typically unintentionally n-type doped. Since well-assessed methods for doping enrichment of MoS2 under source/drain contacts are still lacking
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Published 25 Jan 2017

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

  • Chao Yan,
  • Qianru Liu,
  • Jianzhi Gao,
  • Zhibo Yang and
  • Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

Graphical Abstract
  • applied at room temperature. After 12 min, the Cu foil was taken out and washed with deionized water thoroughly. The Si anode was fabricated through deposition of a heavy-phosphorus-doped Si layer directly onto the CuO nanorods via a radio frequency, capacitively coupled, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor
  • deposition (PECVD) device. Typically, the source gas for PECVD was silane (10%, diluted with hydrogen) with a flow rate of 50 sccm mixed with phosphine (5%, diluted with hydrogen) with a flow rate of 5 sccm. The deposition pressure and substrate temperature were 80 Pa and 150 °C, respectively. The structural
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Published 23 Jan 2017

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

  • Ivan V. Komissarov,
  • Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
  • Vladimir A. Labunov,
  • Ksenia V. Girel,
  • Olga V. Korolik,
  • Mikhail S. Tivanov,
  • Algirdas Lazauskas,
  • Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
  • Tomas Tamulevičius,
  • Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
  • Šarunas Meškinis,
  • Sigitas Tamulevičius and
  • Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

Graphical Abstract
  • from both fundamental and applied aspects. TG can be obtained by different methods, e.g., by means of graphene folding, graphene layer stacking, thermal decomposition of SiC [9] or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metal catalysts [10][11]. Generally speaking, CVD is one of the most common methods to
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Published 16 Jan 2017

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

  • Jagoba Iturri,
  • Ana C. Vianna,
  • Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
  • Dietmar Pum,
  • Uwe B. Sleytr and
  • José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

Graphical Abstract
  • isolated SbpA bacterial surface proteins onto silicon dioxide substrates of different surface wettability. Surface modification by UV/ozone oxidation or by vapor deposition of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane yielded hydrophilic or hydrophobic samples, respectively. Time evolution of frequency
  • either oxidative treatments (UV/ozone) or vapor deposition of a fluorinated silane the wetting properties of the substrate could be easily tailored to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Then, exposure of the samples to SbpA and their subsequent evolution in time was followed in situ by QCM-D with the support
  • protocol was applied to hydrophilic SiO2 sensors with the exception of the overnight vapor deposition. All experiments were performed at 25 °C. Real-time variations of Frequency (Δf) and dissipation (ΔD) parameters were observed at several overtones (n = 3, 5, 7,...,13) throughout the QCM-D experiment
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Published 11 Jan 2017

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

  • Felix Pyatkov,
  • Svetlana Khasminskaya,
  • Vadim Kovalyuk,
  • Frank Hennrich,
  • Manfred M. Kappes,
  • Gregory N. Goltsman,
  • Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
  • Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

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  • electron beam lithography on top of Si3N4/SiO2/Si substrate. Au/Cr contacts were produced by physical vapor deposition, and 600 nm wide, half-etched Si3N4-waveguides were formed with reactive ion etching. A typical sample contains tens of contact pairs and CNTs that were placed in between using
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Published 05 Jan 2017

Nanostructured SnO2–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

  • Paul Chesler,
  • Cristian Hornoiu,
  • Susana Mihaiu,
  • Cristina Vladut,
  • Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
  • Mihai Anastasescu,
  • Carmen Moldovan,
  • Bogdan Firtat,
  • Costin Brasoveanu,
  • George Muscalu,
  • Ion Stan and
  • Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. However, the addition of another oxide component described in these papers involves complicated and expensive vapor preparation techniques (e.g., chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), ion-beam or laser-assisted techniques, spray pyrolysis), expensive dedicated equipment (e.g
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Published 22 Dec 2016

Nanostructured TiO2-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

  • Wojciech Maziarz,
  • Anna Kusior and
  • Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

Graphical Abstract
  • stoichiometry of the oxygen-to-titanium content ratio play a major role in the electrical properties of TiO2 [17]. Different ways in which TiO2 can be prepared include sol–gel process [18][19][20], flame spray synthesis [21], hydrothermal process [22], electrospinning methods [23], chemical and physical vapor
  • deposition [24][25], and thermal, chemical, and electrochemical (anodization) oxidation [26][27][28][29]. Thermal and chemical oxidation seem to be the easiest to perform, the least expensive, and have interlaboratory reproducibility as an additional advantage. TiO2 is obtained mainly in form of thin film
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Published 15 Nov 2016

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

  • Austin Deschenes,
  • Sadid Muneer,
  • Mustafa Akbulut,
  • Ali Gokirmak and
  • Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

Graphical Abstract
  • derived using the behavior of similar alloys [10] transposed onto point data [15]. The material properties of the various common passivation materials considered [16] (Table 1) are from the element library of COMSOL for SiO2 and Si3N4, and from literature for low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor
  • deposition SiO2 [2][17] and Si3N4 [18]. The “ON” and “OFF” states of the device are represented via interchangeable sets of materials properties for the CoFeB layers [4][13] (Figure 2, Figure 3) that are chosen based on the desired switching operation to be simulated (anti-parallel properties to simulate an
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Published 11 Nov 2016

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

  • Alexandra M. Greiner,
  • Adria Sales,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Sarah A. Biela,
  • Dieter Kaufmann and
  • Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

Graphical Abstract
  • . The pattern of the photomask will determine the later dimensions of a surface structure [49]. This method can be combined with other procedures such as physical or chemical vapor deposition where the height of the pattern can be further controlled by depositing a nanometrically controlled layer, often
  • ) of fibronectin [78]. Nanoskiving is a less conventional technique for the fabrication of nanostructures, where basically a thin metal film is embedded between two epoxy layers. One of the epoxy layers contains a nano- or micropattern on which the metal layer is deposited (e.g., through vapor
  • deposition). Then, a second epoxy block is cured on top of the deposited metal layer and the molding of this second epoxy layer represents the underlying nanostructure. Thus, thin sections (ca. 30 nm) can be obtained by ultramicrotomy, which are then transferred to a silicon substrate used as a master to
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Published 08 Nov 2016

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

  • Ionel Stavarache,
  • Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
  • Petronela Prepelita and
  • Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

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  • [18] and biosensors [19]. To produce high-quality Ge particles packed into different matrices, various approaches are reported in scientific papers such as pulsed laser deposition [20][21], sol–gel [22], evaporation under vacuum [23], chemical vapor deposition [24], microwave-assisted heating [25
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Published 21 Oct 2016

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

  • Matt W. England,
  • Tomoya Sato,
  • Makoto Yagihashi,
  • Atsushi Hozumi,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

Graphical Abstract
  • , hydrophobic monolayer-covered surfaces, terminated with octadecylsilyl (CH3(CH2)17-) or perfluoroalkyl (CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2-) groups, were prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ODS or FAS17 [36], respectively. UV–ozone treated Si substrates (2 × 2 cm2 and 5 × 5 cm2) were placed on a heat-resistant
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Published 18 Oct 2016

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

  • Adrien Chauvin,
  • Cyril Delacôte,
  • Mohammed Boujtita,
  • Benoit Angleraud,
  • Junjun Ding,
  • Chang-Hwan Choi,
  • Pierre-Yves Tessier and
  • Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

Graphical Abstract
  • nanofabrication approaches, which allows for producing nanostructures with complex shapes and morphologies not possible to achieve using classical routes [1]. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a very simple and efficient process usually used for the growth of thin films finding application in a wide range of
  • [6][7]. The formation of hillocks has been encountered in case of various processes such as evaporation and sputtering [7][8][9], ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) [10][11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12][13] and electroplating [14]. Hillocks are the outcome of a nodular growth taking place
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Published 29 Sep 2016

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

  • Rasheed Atif and
  • Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

Graphical Abstract
  • SWNT, i.e., the area of a parallelogram OACB, and δ is the distance between nearest-neighbor C–C atoms in adjacent SWNTs (0.34 nm for the ideal case) [42]. The value obtained for close-packed SWNTs produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is about one order of magnitude lesser than that of
  • surface defects introduced during grafting the CNT on fibers through CVD. The deleterious effect of CNT grafting depends upon the nature of fiber, the surface treatments and growth conditions [129]]. Chemical vapor deposition: The most commonly used synthesis of CNTs is the reaction of a gaseous carbon
  • feedstock on catalyst particles, i.e., chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [2][36]. CNT can be produced by using organo-metallic compounds as precursor (e.g., ferrocene), a carbon feedstock (e.g., toluene) and a carrier gas (e.g., hydrogen) [130]. It is difficult to control the diameter of the nanotubes
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Published 12 Aug 2016

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

  • Refat Abdel-Hamid and
  • Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

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  • a JOEL scanning electron microscope (JSM T200, Japan) with an electron beam energy of 30 kV. For this purpose, a thin layer of gold (50 Å) was deposited using physical vapor deposition. The pH measurements were performed using a bench top pH meter (HI 2210, HANNA Instruments, Romania) with a
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Published 29 Jul 2016

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

  • Nikodem Kuźnik and
  • Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

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  • vapor deposition (c-CVD) [20]. This is the most common method of MWCNT synthesis. The inherent consequence of the application of a metal catalyst (e.g., ferrocene, aluminum oxide) is the presence of a nanometallic deposit in the tubes [21]. Thus obtained MWCNTs are already an interesting scaffold for
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Published 27 Jul 2016

Signal enhancement in cantilever magnetometry based on a co-resonantly coupled sensor

  • Julia Körner,
  • Christopher F. Reiche,
  • Thomas Gemming,
  • Bernd Büchner,
  • Gerald Gerlach and
  • Thomas Mühl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1033–1043, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.96

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  • individual nanotube was picked from a forest of FeCNTs grown by chemical vapor deposition [10] by a Kleindiek micromanipulator and placed at the free end of the cantilever. Electron beam-induced deposition of amorphous carbon on the contact point between FeCNT and cantilever ensures a strong attachment of
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Published 18 Jul 2016

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

  • Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
  • Rosana Badía Laíño,
  • Josefa Angela García Calzón and
  • Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

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  • discharge in presence of metal nanoparticles [17], high-energy laser excitation of ethylene at high temperatures [18] and chemical vapor deposition using catalysts [19]. There are some excellent reviews devoted to C-onions and their chemistry and applications [20][21]. Due to the intricate processes, the
  • conventional synthetic methods such as arc-discharge and chemical vapor deposition are insoluble in water, which restricts their use in analytical, biological and biomedical applications. Our results showed that water-soluble C-onions could be prepared by a simple carbonization method using tomatoes as carbon
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Published 27 May 2016

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

  • Marco Notarianni,
  • Jinzhang Liu,
  • Kristy Vernon and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Graphical Abstract
  • compared to CVD, and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): high quality, most common method with low batch yield (≈30 mg/day). In the arc-discharge method, the carbon is evaporated by helium plasma ignited by high current passed through an opposing carbon anode and cathode. This method requires the use of a
  • acid [53]. In both the arc discharge and laser ablation methods, bundles of MWNTs and SWNTs held together by van der Waals forces are generated by the condensation of carbon atoms generated from the evaporation of solid carbon sources. The third method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), involves the
  • few defects [134]. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CVD method is commonly used to produce large-area uniform graphene films [77][135]. Similar to the CVD method used to grow CNTs, graphene can be grown from gases containing C on catalytic metal surfaces or by surface segregation of C dissolved in
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Published 01 Feb 2016

Dependence of lattice strain relaxation, absorbance, and sheet resistance on thickness in textured ZnO@B transparent conductive oxide for thin-film solar cell applications

  • Kuang-Yang Kou,
  • Yu-En Huang,
  • Chien-Hsun Chen and
  • Shih-Wei Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 75–80, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.9

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  • resistance. These experimental results reveal the optical and material characteristics of the TCO layer, which could be useful for enhancing the performance of solar cells through an optimized TCO layer. Keywords: absorbance; low-pressure chemical vapor deposition; strain relaxation; transparent conductive
  • meV), high thermal stability, high transparency, and high conduction, wurtzite ZnO is a very promising TCO material used for the front contact, barrier layer, and intermediate reflector in solar cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) can be implemented to
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Published 20 Jan 2016

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

  • Ilana Perelshtein,
  • Anat Lipovsky,
  • Nina Perkas,
  • Tzanko Tzanov and
  • Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

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  • is the direct impregnation of textiles in the reactant solution. Other methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silver NPs on textiles have also been used [1]. Among the various other coating techniques the sonochemical immobilization was carried out on a large variety of substrates
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Published 04 Jan 2016

Sub-monolayer film growth of a volatile lanthanide complex on metallic surfaces

  • Hironari Isshiki,
  • Jinjie Chen,
  • Kevin Edelmann and
  • Wulf Wulfhekel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2412–2416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.248

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  • known as volatile lanthanide complexes since the 1970s and have been used as precursors in chemical vapor deposition in the thin-film industry [10]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been only one paper that reports on the characterization of isolated molecules of ruthenium (platinum
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Published 16 Dec 2015
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