Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• and is related to bond stretching of sp2 carbon pairs contained in rings or chains. For carbon nanospheres CP5 and CP6, there appeared a new band around 1100 cm−1, which is related to C–C sp3 vibrations [30]. The Raman spectra of three carbon nanospheres were deconvoluted by Gaussian fitting into four

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• . The sample is usually illuminated with a monochromatic laser beam that vibrationally excites molecular chemical bonds. The energy of inelastically scattered light is changed by those vibrations that are strictly related to the structure of molecules. A plot of intensity of inelastically scattered

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• can be assigned to the O–H stretching vibrations (Figure 3d) from terminal hydroxyl groups of Tween 80 (Figure 3b) and the remaining moisture in the samples. The bands centred at 2922 and 2855 cm−1 are associated with the asymmetric (νas) and symmetric (νs) stretching vibrations of methylene (–CH2

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• νas(COO) and symmetric νs(COO) stretching vibrations of the COO− group, whereas the bands in the spectral region of 1277–1341 cm−1 are due to the coupled vibration of CH2 antisymmetric deformation and CH deformation modes [35][36]. According to the literature data [27], the band at 1516 cm−1 is

• broad and strong band peaked at 2950–3002 cm−1 belongs to the symmetric stretching of NH3+ ions [40]. In the spectrum of Co ferrite NPs, presented in Figure 6c, the intense and broad band peaked at 591 cm−1 belongs to Fe–O/Co–O stretching vibrations in the tetrahedral metal complex [41]. The broad band

• −1 due to cooperative vibrations of –CH3 and –NH2 groups is indicative of the oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide. However, this mechanism requires more specific evidence and needs to be studied. Conclusion Superparamagnetic methionine-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with an average

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. A formation of covalent C–F bonds and a considerable reduction in the intensity of radial breathing modes from the outer shells of DWCNTs are observed for all samples. Differences in the electronic state of fluorine and the C–F vibrations for three kinds of

• . Results and Discussion Raman spectroscopy detected a growth of the intensity of the D band corresponding to out-of-plane vibrations of carbon hexagons after fluorination of the DWCNT sample (Figure 1). This is due to development of sp3-hybridized carbon defect sites as the result of covalent attachment of

• samples confirm the difference of the dominating fluorine bonding for DWCNTs treated with the three different fluorination techniques (Figure 6). In the range of C–F stretching vibrations, the FTIR spectrum of the F2-fluorinated sample is dominated by a doublet peak split at 1170 and 1210 cm−1, whereas

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• annealing [42]. We have shown that air annealing of as-received DNDs reduced mainly bands in the 2800–3000 cm−1 region corresponding to CH2 and CH3 stretching vibrations, and they give rise to a C═O stretch at 1775 cm−1, C–O stretch at 1294 cm−1, and a C–O–C stretch at 1077 cm−1. This produces surface

• adhesion, migration and division. In comparison with the results of our previous studies, the air annealing of as-received DNDs reduced bands mainly corresponding to CH2 and CH3 stretching vibrations, and gave rise to C═O, CO and C–O–C stretch bands [41][42]. The zeta potential was also reversed from

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• electron–phonon interactions of the material [51]. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of oxidized PAN/GO nanofibers The ATR-FTIR results show a broad OH stretching peak of GO around 3300 cm−1 [57] and the C–H vibrations of the CH, CH2 and CH3 structures of oxidized polyacrylonitrile around 2920 cm−1 [38][40]. Through

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• collaborators [23]. Both peaks vanish for every annealed sample proving that all TCNQ molecules sublime during the annealing process. The ν(C–C) (1429 and 1334 cm−1) and ν(C–N) (1289 cm−1) vibrations of the MnPc isoindole [24] are preserved for the annealed neat film and the annealed mixed film with cover

• for the same films deposited on KBr substrates. The green frame highlights the range of 2050–2300 cm−1 where the ν(C≡N) stretching peaks for TCNQ appear. The pink frames show the area of the MnPc isoindole vibrations around 1225–1475 cm−1 and the γ(C-H) out-of-plane deformation of the MnPc ligand at

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• asymmetric shoulder of the L(T)O phonon mode of Si nanocrystallites, yet the analysis is complicated. The Raman band at 155 cm−1 is present in both geometries, which hints at its disorder-related origin, since only the vibrations of ordered crystalline structures follow Raman selection rules. Its broad

3D continuum phonon model for group-IV 2D materials

• Morten Willatzen,
• Lok C. Lew Yan Voon,
• Appala Naidu Gandi and
• Udo Schwingenschlögl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1345–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.136

• either failed to recognize it [8] or were unable to explain it [1]. An alternative model of lattice vibrations is a classical continuum model, which is expected to reproduce most accurately phonons with wavelengths longer than lattice separations, i.e., near k = 0. One of the earliest such models applied

• parameterized the dispersion relations to match the experimental data. In all of the above, the out-of-plane vibrations were assumed decoupled from the in-plane ones. In this paper, a continuum theory of acoustic and optical phonons in 2D nanomaterials is derived from first principles, contrary to earlier

• before, which led to a decoupling of the out-of-plane vibrations. The coupling is a consequence of the finite thickness of the sheet with no mirror symmetry imposed. Thus, our model is sufficiently general to apply to multilayers. Earlier DFT calculations [15] had argued that there is no coupling between

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• 1168 cm−1 peak is attributed to –NH+= stretching and in-plane CH vibrations that suggests the formation of PANI in the salt (doped) form [46][47]. The 821 cm−1 peak is typically assigned to out-of-plane CH vibrations [47] that is consistent with high molecular weight PANI due to para-di-substitutions

• case and therefore much less oxidant is available for oxidizing the PANI film. Second, the peaks of the lowest Fo condition (F2) also indicate that some of the film may contain oligomers. For instance, the peak at 1635 cm−1 can be assigned to NH scissoring vibrations of the aromatic amines [52

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of two series of substituted (metallo)tetraphenylporphyrins

• Rasha K. Al-Shewiki,
• Carola Mende,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1191–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.121

• Information File 1 shows the IR spectra of 2/3 and of 2a–d/3a–d as obtained by FTIR measurements with a Nicolet iS10 spectrometer (ATR attachment, ZnSe crystal) for comparison. For the porphyrins 2 and 3 three different N–H vibrations at 3310–3326 cm−1, 975–990 cm−1 and 675–700 cm−1 are expected according to

• [25]. The one observed at 3317 cm−1 for both 2 and 3 (Supporting Information File 1) fits well into the expected range. The vibrations no. 5 and no. 13 for 2 (966 and 732 cm−1) and 3 (968 and 737 cm−1), cf. Figure 2 and Figure 3 and Table 1, are attributed to the other two N–H vibrations. They deviate

• to some extend from the expected ranges, see above, but the corresponding metalloporphyrins do not show related vibrations (Figure 2 and Figure 3). The spectral range from 3000 to 2800 cm−1 is governed by νas(C–H) and νs(C–H) absorptions of the aliphatic substituents R of the –C(O)NR2 groups of both

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• bonds. It probes the molecular vibrations of all cellular biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and provides chemical fingerprint spectra of cells. The throughput of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy for cell classification is limited to the range of one cell per second by

• and metabolites appear at 723 and 1339 cm−1 and can be assigned to adenine ring-breathing modes [18][26][27]. Protein vibrations contribute to the band at 900 cm−1. The bands at 800 and 960 cm−1 can be assigned to CN stretching vibrations. Carbohydrates are represented by bands in the spectral region

• of 1000–1100 cm−1. The bands at 1289 cm−1 and 1660 cm−1 can be assigned to the amide III and amide I vibrational modes of peptide bonds in proteins, respectively [18][26][28]. The band at 1450 cm−1 arises from CH2 deformation vibrations of all biomolecules. The bands at 2923 and 2952 cm−1 can be

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• states occurs, the effective transfer of electrons remains relatively subtle. Nevertheless, the broadening of the peaks (≈1 eV) clearly exceeds the room temperature energy broadening (≈0.1 eV). Typical energies of intramolecular vibrations are also in the order of ≤0.2 eV. It remains unclear, to what

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• 3700–3100 cm−1 is characteristic for –OH groups of different origin. The band centered at 3600 cm−1 comes from the vibrations of free phenolic –OH groups. The next band, at 3392 cm−1 with a side band at 3210 cm−1 indicates the presence of –OH groups from carboxylic groups, along with –OH from adsorbed

• water molecules due to high hydrophilicity of the GO. The well-developed band at 1730 cm−1 confirms the presence of carboxylic groups in the GO. Stretching vibrations of double carbon–carbon bonds in the GO structure gave the expected band at 1625 cm−1. The position of the band indicates that such bonds

• are conjugated with C=C or C=O bonds. Small bands at 1815 cm−1 and 1369 cm−1 are characteristic for C=O and C–O stretchings in lactones, respectively. Other bands at lower wavenumbers (1228–970 cm−1) can be ascribed to C-O vibrations in carboxyl, phenol and/or epoxide functionalities. Significant

Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption of vibrational modes of organic molecules

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Olga Cherkasova,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Ekatherina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 975–981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.99

• enhance the SEIRA signal by molecular vibrations in model adsorbates such as octadecanthiol (ODT) [16] and 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) by up to five orders of magnitude [17]. The IR absorption bands of these molecules become pronounced, even for molecular monolayers, by tuning the localized

• surface plasmon energy of the nanoantennas to the energy of the molecular vibrations. Along with SEIRA, SERS is also traditionally used to study the vibrational spectra of various organic and biological substances [18], which may be present in very low quantities down to single molecules [19]. Raman

• -of-plane) bending of C–H bonds and the Co–N bond vibrations [26][27][28]. Au nanoantenna arrays with structural parameters (nanoantenna length and period) designed to ensure the LSPR band energy from 600 to 1000 cm−1 were fabricated (Figure 4a). In order to determine the structural parameters of the

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• characteristic absorption peaks are noted. In the fingerprint region (1500–500 cm−1), the skeletal vibrations of the CHx and CFx groups are visible, most prominently featuring the symmetric and antisymmetric stretch of the CF2 groups at 1251 and 1206 cm−1, respectively. In addition, a strong absorption peak is

• resulting in two distinct peaks of C–O stretching at 1257 and 1158 cm−1 for p-EGDMA. Additional peaks in the regions of 1480–1450 cm−1 and 3000–2800 cm−1 in the spectra of the cross-linked polymers are attributed to deformation and stretching vibrations of the CHx groups, respectively. Interestingly, a

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• The deposition of PANI films on a Si wafer was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis (Figure 1a). The broad peaks at 2850–3100 cm−1 and 3100–3600 cm−1 correspond to C–H and N–H stretching vibrations, respectively. The peak at 1590 cm−1 can be attributed to the quinoid ring stretching

• , while the peak at 1495 cm−1 is due to the benzenoid ring stretching [42]. A complementary structural analysis was performed with Raman spectroscopy (Figure 1b). The peak at 1193 cm−1 is due to C–H vibrations bending in benzoid units. The peaks at 1223 and 1272 cm−1 correspond to the bands related to

• amine groups. Between 1332 and 1376 cm−1, the vibrations of delocalized polaronic structures can be observed. The peaks at 1458 and 1569 cm−1 correspond to C=N and C=C stretching vibrations in quinoid units, respectively. At 1638 cm−1, the peak for C–C stretching vibrations in benzoid units is present

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• chamber to work under vacuum (better than 1 × 10−4 Pa) or in an inert atmosphere. Vacuum evacuation is performed with a 300 L/s magnetic turbo molecular pump and a rotatory pump, both properly isolated from the AFM head to avoid spurious vibrations. Hooke's law gives the tip–sample force, Fc = −kcδc

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• attributed to amide I (C=O stretching), amide II (mainly C–N stretching), and amide III (N–H in plane deformation) vibrations, respectively [49][50]. In addition, the bands at around 1333 and 1097 cm−1 are assigned to δ(CH) and N–Cα vibrations, respectively. The signals between 1400 and 1500 cm−1 are

• attributed to CH3 asymmetric bending, CH2 scissoring, and COO− symmetric stretching vibrations. The band at around 1018 cm−1 is assigned to nonstoichiometric apatites containing HPO42− ions, whereas the shoulder at around 1084 cm−1 is assigned to the ν3(PO4)3− vibration in stoichiometric HA [51][52][53]. The

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• representative ATR-IR spectra of two dried monoliths. The spectra of all samples are virtually identical and exhibit fairly broad bands in all cases. All spectra show C–H bending vibrations at 770, 850, and 950 cm−1. Bands at 900, 1010, and 1080 cm−1 are due to asymmetric and symmetric Si–O–Si stretching

• vibrations and Si–OH silanol groups on the silica surface. Broad bands between 3000 and 3400 cm−1 originate from Si–OH, H2O, C–N, and N–H stretching vibrations. A further characteristic N–H stretching vibration is observed at 2055 cm−1 [48]. Figure 6 shows a representative small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS

• neat IL [BmimSO3H][PTS], the bands can be assigned to the C–N and C–H stretching vibration modes of the imidazolium ring (3151, 3112, 2957, and 2922 cm−1), CH3–N and CH2–N stretching modes and C–C stretching vibrations of the imidazolium ring (1602, 1573, 1456, and 1229 cm−1), and out of plane C–H

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• , δ(CO)), 659 (sh, δ(CO)), 613 (m, scissoring NO2), 569 (vw, CN in plane bending), 523 (w, δ(OCC)), 504 (sh, 1,4-disubstituted aromatic ring bending), 396 (vw, δ(CCN), 347 (vw, δ(COC), δ(OCC)), 311 (vw, possibly due to general skeletal vibrations). Cleavage experiments For evaluating the cleavage of

• product confirm the successful formation of CBAmPEG, Figure 1. The ATR-IR spectra show bands at 2947, 2885, 2742, 2696, 1466, 1412, 1358, 1342, 1281, 1242, 1061, 960, and 845 cm−1 that can be assigned to various C–H vibrations (see Experimental section for specific assignments). Bands at 1724, 1146, 1107

• , and 768 cm−1 can be assigned to C=O and C–O vibrations. Finally, a band at 694 cm−1 is due to phenyl ring bending vibrations. Signals in the 1H NMR spectra are due to the aromatic protons of the phenyl group (8.05 ppm), the methylene (4.53 ppm, 2 H atoms) protons adjacent to the ester linker unit, and

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• , compound 8 and 9 (see Figure 3). Generally, CNMs show two main bands in their Raman spectra: one at ≈1580 cm−1 (G band) related to sp2 graphitic domain and the second at ≈1360 cm−1 (D band) attributed to the amorphous carbon or deformation vibrations of a hexagonal ring [15]. Raman spectra of ox-MWCNTs 4

Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• groups into the xerogels can be monitored by the peaks located between 3100 and 3000 cm−1, which are assigned to C–H vibrations of the aromatic ring. The peaks at ≈3055 cm−1 and 3076 cm−1 are attributed to the C–H vibrations of the phenyl groups. The peak at ≈1431 cm−1 is attributed to the C=C vibration

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• conclusions regarding both the morphology and the particles sizes (Table 2) showing the growth of the TiO2-HT nanoparticles. The FTIR investigations of the heat-treated nanoparticles (Figure 7b) show absorption bands at 1050 and 1150 cm−1, which were assigned to Si–O–Si vibrations in silica [39] and a weak

• shoulder centered at 930 cm−1 was assigned to Ti–O–Si vibrations, in addition of the large absorption band below 900 cm−1 due to Ti–O–Ti vibrations. The EDS maps of the Ti-APTES-HT nanoparticles (Figure 9) show that silicon is homogeneously distributed over the particles. EDS spectra over relatively large