Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• of vacuoles were observed in the treated cells (Figure 4a, black arrows). Furthermore, TEM micrographs reveal the presence and effective cellular internalization of the GO–Chl nanoconjugate in A549 cells (Figure 4a; red arrows and Figure 4b), corroborating our previous findings [25]. To investigate

• presence of autophagosomes via TEM. Figure 8b reveals the appearance of autophagosomes in GO–Chl-exposed A549 cells. The MDC staining assay and TEM analysis together show the appearance of autophagosomes, which could be due to inhibition of autophagy. Furthermore, we performed confocal microscopy with GFP

• microscopy using GFP-LC3 transfected cells, and TEM analysis. A significant dose-dependent increase accumulation of autophagosomes was observed, suggesting inhibition of autophagy and the possible connection between DNA-damage response and autophagy. Finally, elevated expression levels of key autophagy

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• , which can adversely affect mechanical performance. Besides SEM and FESEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has the additional ability to visualize fiber cross sections and can be employed to examine core–shell, encapsulated, and particle-incorporated fiber structures [112][145][146]. Atomic force

• concentration because of improved coverage of the chitosan shell layer as observed from TEM images of the fiber. The different methods used in the measurement of chitosan/PVA nanofiber properties are summarized in Table 6. These methods allow for comprehensive characterization of the mechanical properties of

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• glycerol carbonate and 1-nonanol for copper and iron. Zeta potential of copper nanoparticles in (a) 1-nonanol and (b) propylene carbonate obtained by LAL at 85 °C in the monophasic TMS of 1-nonanol and propylene carbonate. Size distribution and TEM images of the respective (c, d) copper and (e, f) iron

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• images in this study and the SEM and TEM images in [43]). In all series, a relatively unimodal particle size distribution was observed, with PDI values not higher than 0.541. In the irradiated series, the mean particle size ranged from 222 nm (I-MWCNTs-PEG6000-FA) to 347 nm (I-MWCNTs-G-PEG6000-FA-TMZ

• graphene sheets, formed by interactions between the hydrophobic regions of graphene and the side walls of MWCNTs. Also, in the SEM and TEM images of TMZ-loaded non-modified CNs, entrapment of TMZ into the tubes and wrapping around the CNs was visible [43]. In the present study, the covalent PEGylation and

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• MOF-based MMMs [113][118][122][124][125][128][131][132]. Often, the membrane is broken apart to enable a cross-sectional view of the MOF-based MMM, which may effortlessly reveal interfacial defects as in Figure 8 [132]. In addition to SEM, TEM and HRTEM are often used to obtain information about MOF

• distribution within the MMM [122][125][128]. However, TEM analysis of MOF-based MMMs usually involves diluting the MOF–polymer precursor slurry in a volatile solvent and dispersing it on a conductive metal grid. The sample is then dried in air or under vacuum [122][125]. Consequently, the ultrathin membrane

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), utilizing lactic acid bacteria isolated from curd as the key biological agent. Bacteria function as agents for both reduction and capping processes, which aids the synthesis of ZnO NPs. Various characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, UV–vis, TEM, SEM-EDX, and zeta potential

• produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH−). These radicals degrade the dye molecules into harmless substances; the degradation is shown in Figure 2d. TEM analysis The size of the ZnO NPs, which was determined from TEM using Image J software, varied from 7 to 98 nm, with an average size of 10 nm. The SAED pattern of

• . Microscopic examination via TEM and SEM offered details about nanoparticle size and shape. Our study reported a size range from 7 to 98 nm, with an average size of 10 nm. Suba et al. [22] reported an average size of 32 nm, while Mohd Yusof et al. [23] synthesized ZnO NPs with a size of 291 nm (flower-like

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• through dialysis for 1.5 h using a 12000 Da pore dialysis bag. The size of p(Hist-CA) is approximately 12 ± 3 nm according to TEM, and it forms aggregates ranging in size from 80 to 150 nm (Figure 1a,b). The molecular weight of p(Hist-CA) was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The GPC

• electron microscopy (TEM) images were taken with a Libra 120 EFTEM (A Carl Zeiss SMT AG Company, Oberkochen, Carl Zeiss, Germany) at 100 kV. Samples were spread on a 300 mesh copper grid with a carbon/formvar support film. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker Avance 600 spectrometer with an

• dilution was tested in two parallel wells. The samples were then incubated for 1 h at 37 °C, followed by hemagglutination observation with the naked eye (Figure 3) [39]. Images of the samples were captured using a Nikon Eclipse Ci-S microscope (Nikon, Japan) (Figure 4). Data for p(Hist-CA): (a, b) TEM

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• that, in addition to EVs, other “natural” NPs are present in the blood, namely, lipoproteins (LPs), which are not vesicles. The content of LPs in blood is incomparably higher than that of EVs [5][16]. Previously, we detected LPs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in various biological fluids

• prevent the corona loss, we fixed it on the surface of the bio-NPs by the photomodification method. We developed this method recently for fixing a full protein corona on model NPs with lipid envelope. One of the proofs of protein corona formation on the particle surface was its visualization using TEM [23

• -NPs from FBS and NBS. Results and Discussion Isolation of bio-NPs by ultracentrifugation To obtain samples of intact bio-NPs, we used single or double ultracentrifugation (UC) of 10% FBS, and the resulting samples were negatively stained and examined in TEM. The largest share of bio-NPs observed in

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• techniques The synthesised NPs were drop-cast on carbon-coated copper grids to record transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns using a FEI Tecnai G2 S-Twin operating at 200 kV. Further, these NPs were drop-cast on cleaned Si substrates, and their

• Horiba LabRAM HR Evolution (Excitation: 325 nm, Lens: 40×, spot size: 1 μm) was used. Image J software was used to extract spatial periodicities and to generate 2D fast Fourier transform images (2D FFT) of the Hf surface structures. Results and Discussion Nanoparticles Figure 3 shows TEM images, the

• corresponding particle size distributions, and the SAED patterns of NPs obtained in DW (Figure 3a–c), toluene (Figure 3d–f), and anisole (Figure 3g–i). The TEM image corresponding to HfNPs in DW shows the formation of nanofibres of diameters ranging from 5 to 65 nm along with spherical NPs (marked with red

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SEM, or cryo-SEM [45][57][63][64][65][66]. Very often, the procedures for preparing mucilage envelope samples can destroy and/or influence the organisation of polysaccharides, making the analysis of spatial structure of the mucilage

• structure. This technique is very effective for sample imagining in TEM and SEM [7][41][67][68]. CPD minimises the negative pressure differences during drying. The comparison of CPD and air-drying techniques of plant material, for example, parenchymatic cells [69] and the mucilage envelope [7][13], clearly

• in Ocimum basilicum [7]. TEM and SEM [45][65][78][79] showed the size of cellulose microfibrils in a range of 3–50 nm, depending on cell wall type. This wide range of size can be also a result of bundles formed by cellulose fibrils (Figure 4h) [80]. The results of our research [7][13] confirmed the

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• Sonic-150W, MRC, Israel) at 80% power with an on/off cycle of 5/4 s. During the synthesis of the nanoparticles, a black precipitate with paramagnetic properties formed. Nature and morphology of this precipitate were determined using electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, LEO-912

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• ʟ-carnosine in synthesizing tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticles (ʟ-car-AgNPs). The formation of ʟ-car-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–vis optical absorption spectroscopy, showing single and double plasmonic peaks, depending on the synthesis conditions. Physicochemical characterization using TEM, FTIR

• (Nano ZS, Malvern, UK). The hydrodynamic size of ʟ-car-AgNPs was measured by placing them in 1 mL disposable cuvettes (DTS0012), while the zeta potential was measured using zeta cuvettes (ZEN1020). The ʟ-car-AgNPs samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM, 120 kV, FEI Tecnai

• towards the positively charged surfaces of silver. The morphology and size of silver nanoparticles capped with ʟ-carnosine were measured using TEM (Figure 3b–f). The TEM micrograph of ʟ-car-AgNP1 (Figure 3b) indicates the formation of spherical particles with high monodispersity and is consistent with the

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• of the ultrablack cuticle in Traumatomutilla bifurca, an enigmatic and visually striking species of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and optical

• spectroscopy, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cuticle to elucidate its unique optical properties. SEM imaging provided a detailed surface morphology, while TEM provided insights into the internal structure. CLSM showed that the cuticle exhibits no autofluorescence. Our findings reveal a highly

• different magnifications, starting at 15,000× and adjusted as needed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) TEM was utilized to examine the internal cuticle morphology at high resolution at a nanometer scale. The apparatus was configured to operate at 50 kV with a minimum vacuum column pressure of 5.10

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

•  2e), the binding energy peak of Cu 2p3/2 (934.9 eV) can be attributed to Cu2+. Characterization of (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE Morphology The TEM image of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample shows unevenly distributed particles with different particle sizes fluctuating in the range of 40 to 100 nm (Figure 3). After mixing

• room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). (a) XRD pattern and (b) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample. Full-scan (a) and high-resolution C 1s (b), O 1s (c), Fe 2p (d), and Cu 2p (e) XPS spectra of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample. TEM image of (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample. SEM images of (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE (a

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• ), and density functional theory (DFT) study suggests that the hydrogenation of graphene with atomic hydrogen leads to the formation of graphone [8]. The full hydrogenation of graphene (graphane) was experimentally obtained by Elias et al., and their TEM and Raman spectroscopy results evidence the

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• refractive contrast, respectively. The normal incidence of TEM polarised plane electromagnetic wave on PhC (the incident wave hits the left side of the structure) is considered by defining the required boundary conditions in the ‘COMSOL physics/study’ interface. The iterative simulation defining the boundary

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• synthesis, which is commonly used in the literature. TEM and zeta potential measurements were used to determine morphology and sizes of the CDs, and XRD, XPS, and FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used for structural characterization. Optical characterization of the CDs was done by absorption and

• TALOS F200S TEM 200 kV, Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP, PANalytical X-ray diffractometer, Bruker VERTEX 70v, Specs‐Flex with a standard Al X‐ray source, WITech alpha 300R, VAKSIS PVD Handy, Zeiss Sigma 300, KEITLEY 2400 picoammeter/voltage source, Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer, and Agilent Technologies

• Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer were used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, PVD thermal evaporation, scanning

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• anisotropic metal nanoparticles using zeta cuvettes (DTS0012). The precise size and morphology of CTAB-AgNS, CTAB-AuNS, CTAB-AuNR1, and CTAB-AuNR2 were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM, 120 kV; FEI Tecnai). The nanoparticles were placed onto 200-mesh carbon-coated copper grids. The

• TEM analyses Physicochemical characterization was performed using optical spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, and TEM analyses. Figure 2a shows the synthesized isotropic silver and gold nanospheres with plasmon bands at 410 nm (AgNS) and 525 nm (AuNS). The anisotropic tunable gold nanorods with longitudinal

• microscopy (TEM) enables precise nanoparticle size and shape measurements. TEM images show that AuNR1 and AuNR2 have a rod-like shape with different sizes, whereas AuNS and AgNS are spherical (Figure 3a–d). The mean sizes of CTAB-AgNS and CTAB-AuNS are 27.4 ± 4.6 and 21.1 ± 3.6 nm, respectively (Figure 3e

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a glucosamine/alginate (GluN/Alg) nanocomposite via an ionotropic gelation mechanism in aqueous environment. The resulting nanocomposite, AuNPs@GluN/Alg, underwent thorough characterization using UV–vis, EDX, FTIR, SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD analyses. The spherical

• microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were carried out using a JEOL JEM-2100 instrument. Crystal structure characterizations of AuNPs were carried out via XRD diffraction. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were carried out on gel solutions (1.0 mg·mL−1

• the initial mass), suggesting the presence of inorganic components within the nanocomposite. SEM and TEM analyses were performed to determine the morphology, and XRD and SAED patterns were used to evaluate the crystalline structure of AuNPs@GluN/Alg, as illustrated in Figure 4. The SEM images show

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• cross sections and TEM lamellae of biological samples as well as of other thermally low conductive materials such as polymers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The easily induced heat damage is increasingly being reported [3][6][14][15][16][17]. Despite the importance of this topic, there is

• by milling a TEM lamella and assessing the ion beam-induced heat damage in collagen. Purified collagen was selected as the experimental test material for two main reasons. First, it is the principal component of skin, for which well-documented literature values are readily available [21]. Second

• unfeasibly large area. To further verify that no heat damage occurs, a TEM lamella was prepared using the lower-ion-energy approach (5 keV, nanoampere beam currents). The result is shown in Figure 6. Collagen fibers can be observed for the lower-energy approach, indicating that heat damage was minimized. The

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• microstructure of the deposits was investigated using a ThermoFischer Themis 200 G3 aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) operating at 200 kV. Cross-sectional TEM lamellas were prepared by a standard sample preparation protocol using a Tescan Lyra3 FIB-SEM system. The TEM overview image was

• ligands instead of their further dissociation and co-deposition into the deposit. To further investigate the microstructure of the deposit, a thin lamella along the dashed white line in Figure 1a was prepared and studied by TEM. The TEM overview image is depicted in Figure 1c, its alignment and

• ). As this growth rate was only about two times larger than that of the thermal emitter, a precursor-limited growth regime and, thus, enhanced co-dissociation of the ligands is expected. For later TEM investigations, the deposition was carried out directly on a TEM grid. The STEM image in Figure 3 shows

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape and size of the nanoparticles can be determined by these two methods [59]. TEM is extensively utilized and can differentiate between nanocapsules and nanospheres, as well as measure the thickness of the nanocapsule

• [61]. Nanoparticle size: The nanoparticle size can be determined using a variety of methods including dynamic (DLS) and static (SLS) light scattering; TEM, SEM, and AFM are also widely employed [62][63]. DLS and SLS can detect particle size by determining changes in distribution of particle size

• , while TEM and SEM yield images of separated particles [61]. Surface area: The reactivity of nanoparticles and their ability to interact with ligands highly depend on their surface area. This property of the nanoparticles can be detected directly by adsorbing an inert gas under various pressures to form

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• (TEM) was performed with a JEM-2100F (JEOL, Japan). TEM grids were prepared by drop casting 2 µL of NPs onto the grids. Raman/SERS spectra were collected using a portable Raman spectrometer (B&W Tek) with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm, 10 mW of laser power, 5 s of collection time, and three

• studies of as-synthesized nanoparticles Transmission electron microscopy analysis was implemented to study the size and shape of laser-fabricated NPs. Figure 2 shows the TEM images of Ag NPs synthesized in DW at different laser wavelengths: (a) 355, (b) 532, and (c) 1064 nm. It should be noted that the

• during the ablation. He et al. [58] demonstrated that at higher NaCl (10 mM) concentrations, ZnO NPs exhibited coalescence, increasing NPs size in comparison to those obtained in DW. In Figure 3, TEM images depicting as-synthesized Au NPs under different incident laser wavelengths (i.e., (a) 355, (b) 532

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• stability, retaining reliability at temperatures reaching up to 200 °C. This exceptional thermal resilience makes it ideally suited for demanding high-temperature applications, showing its potential across various industries. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman characterizations of the VACNTs

• from similar CNT growth conditions have been published in previous works [7][15]. It was shown that more than 90% of the CNTs grown on the Si wafer were double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). The new TEM micrograph in Figure 3a shows the DWCNTs. Diameter and chirality of the carbon nanotubes are

• . (a) Scanning electron microscopy image and (b) 3D close-up of the pixel-based CNT microbolometer. (a) TEM image showing DWCNTs and (b) Raman spectrum of the VACNTs. Schematic of the device under test (DUT) and measurement setups to characterize the CNT-based microbolometer. (a) Sample 1 with metal

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• –2.70 nA. In addition, a longer deposition experiment was performed for better EDX quantification at 0.54 nA (1a). Additional experiments include a Pt-only deposit for reference (1f) and a sample prepared for TEM analysis (1g). Except for 1f, all deposits were obtained at a deposition pressure of (4.6

• % ratio correction can be found in Supporting Information File 1 (pp S3–S5). TEM A TEM lamella was prepared in a TFS Helios dual-beam system. A PtCx layer was deposited from MeCpPtMe3 as a protection layer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and STEM-EDX analysis were performed in an FEI Titan Cubed

• Cs-corrected TEM at 300 keV. STEM-EDX was performed with a Thermo Fisher Scientific EDX super-X detector in the ChemiSTEM configuration. For EDX mapping, three-pixel averaging was used. Results and Discussion Water-assisted purification of gold deposits In order to validate the compatibility of the