Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• ) was added to the solution and incubated for another 30 min at room temperature. Finally, the absorbance of the solution was recorded at 550 nm in a UV spectrophotometer. To determine the mucoadhesion of the nanoparticles, EudAlg NPs was resuspended in mucin solution (final concentration 0.5 mg/mL, 2

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• resistivity of ≥17.5 MΩ·cm was obtained from a Thermo Scientific Barnstead Smart2Pure Pro UV/UF 15 LPH Water Purification System. The experiments were performed at room temperature and in ambient air. Glassware was cleaned with aqua regia, thoroughly rinsed with water, and dried before use. Data analysis and

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• leads to a reduction in microstrain and dislocation density. The optical studies using UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy reveal that the transmittance of films increases with substrate temperature. Further, the shift in transmittance threshold towards lower wavelengths with substrate temperature indicates that

• , Kurukshetra University. The grazing incidence angle was fixed at 0.5°. The diffraction pattern was recorded in the 2θ range of 20°–70° with a step increment of 0.07°. The optical properties of ZnTe/Qz films were analysed from transmittance spectra obtained using a Shimadzu UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer (UV

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• -via reflex spectrometer, Tokyo, Japan) with a 514 nm Nd:Yag laser as the excitation source. The optical properties were measured employing a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000 UV-VIS-NIR, Agilent, CA, USA) in the 200–800 nm range. The morphology of GO nanosheets was analyzed employing a high

• formation of GO–Chl nanoconjugates was confirmed by investigating the optical, functional, structural, and morphological properties employing standard analytical characterization techniques. The optical properties of GO and GO–Chl were assessed using UV–vis spectroscopy (Supporting Information File 1

• two ways viz. entrapment efficacy (EE, % Chl that has been successfully absorbed onto GO) and % drug content or drug loading efficiency (DLE, amount of Chl loaded per unit weight of GO) using UV–vis spectroscopy. Firstly, a standard calibration curve of Chl was plotted by monitoring the optical

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• prepared using a wet-milling method with zirconium balls to enhance bioavailability and expand potential applications. The particle size and physicochemical properties of the BerNPs were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier

• particle sizes results in a larger total surface area, thus significantly increasing biological activity and stability [20][28]. Compared to other studies, the size of the berberine nanoparticles obtained in this study was smaller, highlighting the significant application potential of the material. UV–vis

• , and ldh, thereby preventing biofilm development [40]. Conclusion In this study, BerNPs were fabricated using ball milling with zirconium balls. Analysis through FE-SEM, UV–vis, XRD, and FTIR revealed that the nanoparticles predominantly exhibited a crystalline structure, with an average size of 40–65

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• focused on removing antibiotics through AOPs [28][29][30]. Articles explored specific AOP methods tailored for antibiotic remediation, such as H2O2-based AOP [29], Fenton-based AOPs [31], UV-based AOPs [32], UV/chlor(am)ine-based AOP [33], electrochemical-based AOP (EAOP) [34], persulfate and

• properties, exceptional photocatalytic performance, lack of toxicity, widespread availability, and cost efficiency [65]. It has a broad bandgap (3.2 eV). Therefore, it can be activated only by UV radiation, which is only a small part of the solar spectrum. This feature makes TiO2 not suitable for outdoor

• applications where natural light is abundant. Although TiO2 has a high photocatalytic activity under UV light, its practical use is limited because of rapid electron–hole recombination and insufficient visible light absorption [65]. Hence, it is critical to develop effective strategies to enhance TiO2 activity

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• higher cooling rates (e.g., in an ice bath) would result in precipitation of the nanoparticle material in the interlayer of the two phases. After cooling to the biphasic state, the extinction of the gained colloidal phases was investigated by UV–vis measurements (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• cycling, the distribution of colloidal copper and iron nanoparticles over the PC and alcohol phase was quantified via UV–vis extinction measurements afterward (Figure 4). Figure 4 shows the mass fraction of colloidal nanoparticles in the propylene carbonate phase (bottom phase of the TMS) for the

• and the vessel was held in place for two hours. Colloids were characterized by UV–vis-spectroscopy using a Cary 50 spectrometer (Varian Inc.) and further processed by OriginPro. The raw UV–vis extinction spectra were baseline-corrected by subtraction of UV–vis extinction spectra gained from

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• characterization of all formulations regarding interactions of the components and their stability during the preparation procedures, different techniques were used including infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy as well as TGA. For analyzing potential structural changes in the CNs

• after exposure to irradiation, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) was used. The stability of TMZ under these conditions was determined unsing attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Most of the procedures and techniques were used in our previous study [43

• ] in which physicochemical properties of non-covalently PEGylated CNs loaded with TMZ were characterized. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy UV–vis absorption spectroscopy turned out to be a useful tool for characterizing functionalization with FA and for confirming the TMZ loading through the

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• cycles consisting of denaturation at 94 °C for 45 s, annealing at 52 °C for 1 min, and elongation at 72 °C for 1 min. After the final cycle, polymerization continued at 72 °C for 5 min. The PCR products were then analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel. Visualization was performed under UV light

• using a UV transilluminator. The purified DNA fragments were used as templates in sequence analysis. The PCR products of the 16S rDNA were labeled using the Big Dye Terminator Reaction Mixture Sequencing KIT from Perkin Elmer. The sequencing process was carried out by First Base and further analyzed

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• light can be divided into ultraviolet (UV; 190–400 nm), visible light (400–780 nm) and near-infrared light (NIR; 780–2500 nm) [28][29]. UV light has shorter wavelengths and higher photon energies that can be absorbed by most body tissues. Hence, its penetration is limited, and it may trigger a number of

• photochemical reactions [30][31]. UV light helps the skin synthesize vitamin D, but excessive exposure to UV light may lead to DNA damage, sunburn, and photochemical damage [32][33]. Visible and NIR light with longer wavelengths have lower photon energies and are safer for use in the human body [34]. The

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• a UV–vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 664 nm. Adsorption experiments were conducted in batches containing 250 mg of the BEPh and BEOx samples under agitation at 25 °C. A volume of 100 mL of MB solutions at a concentration of 400 mg·L−1 were used for 3 h. The adsorption experiment was carried

• out considering ambient light conditions in the laboratory. Following the adsorption process, the clay/Nb samples were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min, and the final concentration of the solutions was determined using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. These samples were named A-BEPh and A-BEOx to

• reactor at 25 °C (open), a magnetic stirrer, and a UV lamp (253.7 nm, 15 W, 220 V) within a dark chamber. After 3 h of exposure, the solutions were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min, and their final concentrations were determined using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. These samples were labeled as A-BEPhP and

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• complementary characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, N2 sorption, NMR, XPS and UV–vis spectrometry. It was observed that treatment in 70% ethanol solution preserves the ordered layered structure of 2D mordenite because TEOT hydrolysis is slowed down. This, in turn, leads to higher

• the material. However, as it was shown in [44], the formation of a dense anatase phase has a strong influence on both the value of water adsorption energy and the distribution of water adsorption centers. UV–vis spectrometry To determine the bandgap energy Eg, the Tauc method was applied to the

• , c) and Ti-ENh-C (b, d); (e) t-plot for Ti-E6h-C with a linear fit in the t range from 0.33 to 0.6 nm. TG and DTG profiles for the studied nanocomposites. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra and (b) plots of (F(R)hν)1/2 versus photon energy for calculation of bandgap energies of TiO2-loaded

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• ETL, and NiO was used as HTL, with La2NiMnO6 as absorber [25]. The DPSC showed promising characteristics. Applications of double perovskite compounds include fuel cells, UV sensors, electrochemical sensors, indoor photovoltaics, and light-emitting diodes [26]. Double perovskite LNMO nanoparticles and

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), utilizing lactic acid bacteria isolated from curd as the key biological agent. Bacteria function as agents for both reduction and capping processes, which aids the synthesis of ZnO NPs. Various characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, UV–vis, TEM, SEM-EDX, and zeta potential

• characterization using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, photocatalytic studies, electrochemical analysis, and determination of antibacterial and anticancer activity. The

• + cations. These findings offer information about the structure and chemical interactions within the ZnO NPs (Figure 2b). UV–vis absorption The UV–Vis absorption spectra of ZnO NPs, presented in Figure 2c, establish a distinct absorption peak at 3.16 eV, revealing the characteristic bandgap energy for ZnO

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• carried out in a manner similar to that of p(Hist-CA). After the reaction, dialysis was carried out using a 12000 Da dialysis bag to remove unencapsulated Fl, resulting in a solution of Fl@p(Hist-CA). The encapsulation efficiency (%EE) was found to be 55%. In the UV spectra of Fl@p(Hist-CA) (PB, pH 7.4

• 1H NMR spectrum of the rest of the dialysis bag, both the signals from the broken-down nanocarrier and the signals of ACh, Ch, and AcOH are present (Figure 7c). The yield of Atr over time and varying concentrations of ACh was analyzed using UV spectroscopy (Figure 8). A 3 mL sample of Atr@p(Hist-CA

• ) solution, post-reaction and after 3.5 h of dialysis (C(RA) = 0.4 mM), was placed in a 12000 Da dialysis bag with ACh added at concentrations of 0.4, 4, and 40 mM. The dialysate volume was 50 mL. Yield and concentration of atropine were assessed through UV absorption at 224 nm, revealing that approximately

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• , Russia) [23]. PACL (Figure 1) is a molecule carrying two orthogonal reactive groups, namely, (i) a maleimide residue that modifies serum proteins at their thiol groups and (ii) an nitroaryl azide group to form covalent cross-links between proteins and nanoparticles under the influence of UV radiation

• . When incubated in the dark, PACL binds to the thiol groups of serum proteins (i.e., it modifies them). The reaction mixture is then irradiated with UV, under the action of which the nitroaryl azide group covalently fixes the modified proteins on the surface of the NPs. This mechanism has been

• ability of blood serum proteins to bind to each other under the influence of PACL and subsequent UV irradiation. However, if was found that serum proteins bind only to the surface of model NPs and do not cross-link with each other. In other words, in FBS incubated with PACL and irradiated with UV, the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• . All NPs exhibited novel optical reflectance properties. Reflectance measurements revealed that the fabricated NPs had a very high and broad optical absorption throughout the UV–vis–NIR range. The NPs synthesised in toluene exhibited the best absorption. The successful fabrication of Hf NSs with the

• morphology was analysed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM); the composition was determined by EDX attached to the FESEM (Carl Zeiss Smart SEM ULTRA 55). Reflectivity was investigated using a UV–vis–NIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer Lambda 750). For photoluminescence (PL) measurements, a

• 60°) taken in the wavelength range from 250 to 1200 nm. The black curve corresponds to the reflectance spectrum of the reference pristine Si sample; the red curve is HfNPs-T, the blue curve is HfNPs-A, and the green curve is HfNPs-D. The values of the reflectance and reduction in the UV (λ = 250 nm

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• colorimetric method using the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, Alfa Aeser, Germany) at 30 °C. Optical density (OD) detection was carried out at 517 nm wavelength (UV-VIS 18, MRC, Israel), and ARA was estimated according to the following equation: where ODc is the optical density of the

• ]. Spectral analysis of sample complexes The analysis of the spectra of the studied samples of 70% ethanol buffer extract of T. polium, rutin, and their complexes with Fe3O4 NPs was carried out at wavelengths from 200 to 800 nm using a UV–vis spectrophotometer UV-VIS 18 (MRC, Israel) [50]. Animal experiment

• ; EC 2.3.2.2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) in blood plasma, as well as the content of total protein (TP), albumin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL, and LDL, was carried out using standard BioSystems reagent kits (Barcelona, Spain) on a UV–vis spectrophotometer UV-VIS 18 (MRC, Israel

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• ʟ-carnosine in synthesizing tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticles (ʟ-car-AgNPs). The formation of ʟ-car-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–vis optical absorption spectroscopy, showing single and double plasmonic peaks, depending on the synthesis conditions. Physicochemical characterization using TEM, FTIR

• degradation of P-NP and the formation of P-AP were monitored by recording UV–vis spectra in the 300–900 nm range. The disappearance of the yellow color, characteristic of the nitrophenolate ion, was observed upon the addition of the AgNP catalyst, accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the absorbance

• . Detection of Cd2+and Pb+2 using ʟ-car-AgNP1 The ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs were evaluated regarding the detection of heavy metals via UV–vis spectrophotometry. A series of metal ions, namely As3+, Al3+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Mo2+, and Fe3+, was used for the sensing experiment. Figure 5

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• residues in the environment [30]. Physical methods include laser ablation, UV irradiation, evaporation condensation, aerosol methods, and lithography. High cost, high energy consumption, and expensive equipment make these techniques uneconomical [31]. Because of these disadvantages, synthesis methods based

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• setup prolongs the light’s exposure to the melanized integument, thereby augmenting light absorption by the pigment [10]. Consequently, ultrablack colors exhibit an extraordinarily low reflectance across ultraviolet and visible (UV–vis) spectrum wavelengths, often falling below 0.5% of the incident

• Spectralon® standard that reflects 99% of light in the UV–vis spectrum. A standard distance of 5 mm was maintained between the fiber probe and both the Spectralon standard and the sample. This distance was determined using the scale provided on the Ocean Insight holder, ensuring consistency across all

• : Salticidae), and the bird-of-paradise Drepanornis bruijnii (Passeriformes: Paradisaeidae). The spectra of these species were obtained from data provided in [10][12], and species with the highest absorbance in the UV–vis spectrum were selected. Thermal images This experimental protocol was adapted from [15

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• calculations and concluded that ψ-graphene has the potential to be employed in infrared (IR) sensors, ultraviolet (UV) optomechanical sensors, and visible-light sensors [39]. Li et al. theoretically reported a maximum theoretical storage capacity of 372 mAh·g−1 for Li, showing its capability to be utilized as

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• . Depending on the morphology and crystal quality, their photoluminescence spectra have only a strong UV emission associated with the exciton radiative recombination, or both UV and defect-related visible emissions with their relative intensity ratio varying with the excitation power density. The obtained

• microcavities [9]. Additionally, it is a transparent semiconductor with significant piezoelectricity [10]. These noble characteristics suggest ZnO to be a potential material in the fabrication of UV/blue/green LEDs, solid-state random lasers, UV-absorption devices, and nanogenerators [9][11][12][13]. Magnetic

• PL spectra which can be based on to classify the ZnO nanostructures into two sample groups. The first group gives only a UV emission at approx. 384–390 nm, such as P1, T2, M, and S shown in Figure 8a. Here, the UV emission is associated with the exciton radiative recombination [66]. An excitation

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• TALOS F200S TEM 200 kV, Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP, PANalytical X-ray diffractometer, Bruker VERTEX 70v, Specs‐Flex with a standard Al X‐ray source, WITech alpha 300R, VAKSIS PVD Handy, Zeiss Sigma 300, KEITLEY 2400 picoammeter/voltage source, Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer, and Agilent Technologies

• electron microscopy (SEM), I–V/C–V measurements, UV–vis spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. CDs synthesis 2.5 g of the powdered Rheum ribes plant was placed in an autoclave bottle, and 50 mL of pure water was added to the bottle. This aqueous solution was placed in an

• the structure of the coated CDs film (Figure 5); the CDs film thickness was determined as ca. 566 nm. In addition, a UV–vis absorption spectrum of the CDs layer was taken (Figure 6a), and the bandgap value of the layer was determined from the graph of hν versus (αhν)2 using the Tauc equation [23]. The