Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• in azopolymer thin films and offer valuable guidelines for the design of thermally responsive photonic materials. Keywords: aggregate; azopolymer; birefringence; PAZO; thermochromism; Introduction Functionalization of polymers with different photo- and bioactive groups to achieve novel

• and properties. Polymer molecules can assemble through various intermolecular interactions, forming different aggregate structures that can drastically change the properties of solid-state materials. The wide variety of polymer chain types and architectures based on very diverse chemistries further

• aggregate state actually include a variety of molecular aggregate structures ranging from “HJ” dimers to more complex formations including bent, herringbone, and chiral aggregates [25][26]. Figure 7 illustrates the different molecular packing patterns, the orientation of the chromophores, and the expected

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• properties on particle size and shape has been demonstrated for particle sizes in the 1–100 nm range and on biological interfaces [7]. Limited biocompatibility and high tendency to aggregate in solution inspired new mechanisms of particle biofunctionalization with proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. Coupling

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• aggregate, agglomerate, and self-assemble according to their morphology. These issues cannot be fully eliminated without external stabilization and suggestively impact their performance in real-world applications. Furthermore, such an instability becomes more pronounced as the particle size decreases. For

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• drug release, toxicity due to the use of organic solvents, the tendency to aggregate in aqueous media, and difficulties in sterilizing the formulation [184]. Furthermore, the technology has advantages when associated with natural products, as phytochemicals show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• . Conventional approaches for removing MPs from water rely on a combination of physical, chemical and biological process [51]. Physical methods primarily facilitate the separation of larger plastic particles based on size and density [18]. Chemical processes are employed to destabilize and aggregate plastic

• health and ecosystems. Additionally, carbon nanomaterials often aggregate in water, diminishing their adsorption efficiency, and their fabrication typically involves advanced techniques and costly equipment, which further limits widespread use [114]. The mechanism involved in the removal of MPs using

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• , Figure S1.i), we see that both samples show significant broadening, and a change in the relative intensities of the two peaks. Similar broadening and lineshapes (relative intensities) were observed for Cy5-hexafluorophosphate thin films, and attributed to H-aggregate formation [59]. With the FTIR results

• in mind, we propose that the binding mode observed in the control sample involves only PPA bound directly to the IONP surface through Fe–amine coordination (Fe-PPA), and this configuration does not allow for sufficient coverage to promote extensive H-aggregate formation on the IONP surface. In the

• lineshape for the IONP-CySS/DTT, which suggests the presence of multiple binding sites, resulting in an increased Cy3 packing density, thereby enabling H-aggregate formation. This observation provides evidence that there is successful cleavage of the disulfide bonds, when treated with DTT, resulting in Cy3

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• concentration of 4-MBA decreased logarithmically. Since the sample was prepared by drop casting onto a Si wafer, AgNPrs tended to aggregate, which may have led to reduced resolution of the Raman peaks at very low analyte concentrations. The relationship between 4-MBA concentration and the intensity of the 1589

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• as “adsorbent”, “adsorbent mechanism”, “waste”, and “walnut shell”, highlight the development of biochar from agricultural residues and adsorption mechanism evaluations. Similarly, terms like “aggregate”, ”soil remediation”, “identification”, “mechanism”, and “kinetics” indicate a research trajectory

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• layer. EDS is again used to analyze the elemental composition of the coating. It can be seen that the coating has been compromised and Na+ has penetrated the coating. Furthermore, the AgNPs partially aggregate or migrate within the PDA layer due to changes in the local chemical environment (Supporting

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• in the individual spectra around the mean curve. This is most likely due to variations in the quality of the tip or slight differences in the molecule itself. However, with a large enough aggregate of different tips, and taking STS measurements over different molecules, when averaged, these small

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• substantially increased annual aggregate costs. This underscores the need to find effective alternative treatments to prevent and treat these pathologies [16][17][18]. On a global scale, vegetable oils play a fundamental role not only in human nutrition but also as strategic inputs in the chemical

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• that small nanoparticles generated by laser fragmentation are extremely unstable and aggregate rapidly to form larger nanoparticles, which precipitated after one day. In F-127 solutions, in contrast, F-127 molecules coated the surface of the nanoparticles immediately after generation, and small stably

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . have demonstrated that GO is effective in the removal of actinides from nuclear wastewaters [8]. However, the adsorbing mechanism of metal ions to the GO surface, such as adsorption sites, remains to be elucidated. It has been demonstrated that GO tends to aggregate during the process of metal ion

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• °C), which causes it to evaporate more slowly, allowing more time for the particles to aggregate. In contrast, alcohols (boiling point range: 64–78 °C) and acetone (56 °C) evaporate much more quickly, significantly reducing the influence of the solvent and leading to less agglomeration in the samples

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• absorber, which diffuse, get extracted, and aggregate at the interfaces, giving rise to a large charge density magnitude we can plot. In order to generate the photo-carrier density profiles, we applied the Poisson’s equation: Here, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, ε is the relative permittivity of

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• higher-temperature environment, which accelerates the breakdown of hydrocarbon molecules into free carbon atoms. The carbon atoms, in the absence of efficient catalytic activity, aggregate to form amorphous carbon rather than ordered structures such as CNFs as shown in Figure 7a. In contrast, at an

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• aggregation linked to AD [6]. Additionally, the presence of the APOE4 genotype is notable, as it is found in approximately 65% of AD patients [5]. This genotype is associated with an increased tendency for amyloid monomers to aggregate into AβOs, potentially contributing to the pathology of the disease [7

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• , mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum), that NDs and CNTs aggregate in big clusters into the cells, and that some of these aggregates are wrapped by extended cell synapses. Although NDs and CNTs were taken up by the cells to a greater extent, the cell membranes remained intact in contrast to the ruptured

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• collapse of these VNBs transform thermal energy into mechanical forces, such as jets and acoustic shock waves, enabling cellular or tissue treatment with minimal thermal damage. Currently, VNBs are being explored for applications in cancer cell eradication [51], harmful protein aggregate degradation [52

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• example, the active centers of the most efficient heterogeneous catalysts commonly fall within this range [23][24][25][26]. The challenge lies in the fact that, because of their pronounced tendency to aggregate, these materials must be deposited with a high level of dispersion to achieve the desired

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• corresponds to the hydrodynamic diameter of p(Hist-CA), while the latter one relates to the size of aggregates. The average molecular weight (M) of the aggregate was determined using the static light scattering (SLS) Debye plot. The plot of KC/Rθ against C, where K is the Debye constant, C is the

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• decomposing the problem into tasks and subtasks. The definition of tasks and subtasks and the domain knowledge is organized in terms of the structure provided by MAMBO. Let us first consider a simulation workflow for the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of a molecular aggregate made of identical

• algorithms for equilibrating molecular aggregates under different conditions [66][67]. The workflow produces structured information containing, for example, a snapshot of the structure of the simulated aggregate under the considered conditions and/or derived properties (for example, the computed equilibrium

• density of the aggregate in kg·m−3). A sketch of this workflow is shown in Figure 11. The decomposition of the workflow sketched in Figure 11 highlights the parallelism between the involved knowledge and instances of MAMBO classes. For example, we can identify the following: (i) The initial information

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• of SNPs was measured as +14.1 mV at pH 7.0 [24]. Nanostructures with this surface charge will repel each other and will not aggregate. The high surface charge of the SNPs can be seen as evidence of suspension stability. In addition, the positively charged nanostructures are preferentially bound to