Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• chains in the fibers are not properly aligned, resulting in non-uniform mechanical and structural properties [23]. The incomplete crystallization of the fibers caused by the short and weak stretch process gives the fibers poor mechanical properties [24]. Last, there is the fibers’ random orientation

• improved the antimicrobial activity of the nanofibers against a wide range of bacteria [190]. In tissue engineering applications, aligned fibers are particularly effective as they better mimic the inductive environment, such as that of human tendon stem/progenitor cells, compared to random fibers [191

• ]. Aligned fibers also guide human mesenchymal stem cells toward cardiomyogenesis and enhance myoblast differentiation [192][193]. Research has demonstrated that aligned nanofibers can accelerate the recovery of highly organized structures, such as nerve cells, tendons, and ligaments. Additionally, aligned

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• then aligned, forming the basis for the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree. This reconstruction was carried out using the maximum likelihood method and involved employing a bootstrap value of 1000 replications to establish evolutionary relationships among the gathered Lactiplantibacillus sequences

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• monolayers of WSe2 were aligned at a 0° angle to form the 3R phase. The graphene/3R WSe2/graphene heterojunctions were aligned and assembled onto a SiO2/Si substrate by the all-dry transfer method. Au/Cr (50/10 nm) electrodes were patterned using standard electron-beam lithography (EBL, Raith 150 Two) and

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• different FIB parameters. An example of such a setup would be the cantilever described in [43]. On the base of the aligned opMEMS, a FEBID nanowire was deposited (Figure 7a) in a single-step process, where point-by-point deposition was performed along the pattern line using the following parameters: 5 keV

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• measurements of DC and AC signals with a bandwidth of 200 MHz. The interferometer is precisely aligned via a tube piezo controlled by the R9 control system (RHK Technology Inc., Troy, MI, USA). Cantilever excitation with a sine wave voltage with a well-defined amplitude Vexc and overall experiment control is

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• ., camphor and cyclohexanol) on various substrates, ranging from uncoated silicon to simple glass, to yield carpets of vertically aligned CNTs. Nevertheless, a purification stage for removing the catalyst is mandatory for avoiding side effects in biological environments [82][83]. The choice of the catalyst

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.84 Abstract A new 3D micro-nano integrated M-shaped carbon nanotube (CNT) architecture was designed and fabricated. It is based on vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays composed of low

• thermistor region, can be fabricated in a single chemical vapor deposition process step. The thermistor resistance is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the adjacent aligned CNTs. This configuration also provides low lateral thermal conductivity and a high temperature coefficient of

• (TCR) [6], and high mechanical stability [7]. Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) are considered to be nearly ideal blackbody absorbers because of their ability to absorb light over a broad spectral range (0.2–200 μm), closely resembling the theoretical blackbody that absorbs all wavelengths of light [3

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• technology rapidly emerged [40][41]. However, all these FETs were highly bulky and required more space. Nakamoto et al. [42] later devised a biosensor with a novel fabrication method aligned well with the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. Usually, biosensors convert

• . Kannan et al. [100] proposed an underlap impact-ionization MOS (UII MOS) device structure for label-free biosensing systems. Figure 14 shows the architecture of a UII MOS-based biosensor. This structure uses an underlap concept in the middle of the gate architecture, creating a self-aligned gate-first

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• speed allows for the production of aligned nanofibers, while a fixed collector generally produces non-aligned nanofibers. Also, a rotating collector leads to thinner fibers [63][64]. By changing the rotation speed, the alignment and the diameter of the fibers can be changed [64]. Polymer concentration

• . The nanofiber scaffolds developed for this purpose are in the form of random non-woven scaffolds and consist of highly aligned fiber membranes and combination scaffolds. The approximate porosity of such nanofibers is 80–95%, and the fibers are produced with a thickness of about 4 mm [103]. Nanofiber

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• CCDC 640536 were aligned, demonstrating the successful preparation of MIL-100(Fe) crystals from Fe2O3 nanoparticles under the studied conditions. A further examination revealed that the measured peaks of MIL-100(Fe) gradually increased, whereas those of Fe2O3 decreased in intensity with increasing

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• the attachment force measurements. Older animals were observed to establish less rigorous contact of their tarsi with the substrates at some occasions. During traction force measurements, sometimes tarsi were not aligned with the direction of the pulling movement and were sliding more easily compared

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• separation of 700 nm. The height of the deposits was approximately 40 nm. An etch pattern comprising nine lines of 400 nm length was defined to etch the right sidewall of each deposit. This array was aligned such that each subsequent etch was positioned 20 nm farther away from the centre of the corresponding

• coloured curves going from blue to orange. (a) Top view SE image of the array of EBID deposits along with the etching scheme: The array of etch patterns was aligned with the deposit array at increasing distance from the deposit centre from left to right. The nine deposits shown are to be etched and their

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• depressions with a measured repeat distance of 2.59 ± 0.05 nm reflects the moiré pattern that is caused by the lattice mismatch between graphene and Ir(111), where graphene directions are aligned with directions of the metal substrate [25][42][43][44][45]. The lozenge unit cell of the coincidence lattice is

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• or range of damage profiles. Single-crystal materials (e.g. silicon and germanium) are composed of ordered arrays of atoms. If an ion beam is aligned to the atomic planes, most of the ions pass through the interplanar space and penetrate deep into the crystal. This can be used in channelling studies

• the structure and composition of the materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high-energy ions (He+) impinging on a sample. The RBS-channelling spectra of deep ion implants in Si and Ge were analysed to extract the depth profiles of the displaced atoms. Figure 4 shows the aligned spectra

• for Ge(111) and Si(111) targets before and after ion irradiation with 100 keV Ar+ ions at various ion fluences from 3 to 9 × 1017 ions/cm2. The crystallinity of the investigated target was determined by the comparison of the aligned spectrum with the random spectra (black). For the pristine Si and Ge

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• the protein’s initial orientation. This initial orientation is set by performing a principle axis transformation such that the axis associated with the smallest moment of inertia is aligned to the z axis and the second smallest to the y axis, that is, the z axis is now typically associated with the

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• developed on the samples to preserve the design imprint from getting damaged. In our laboratory of NNSTU, the samples were developed, and a bolometric layer, consisting of two SIN tunnel junctions and one SN contact, was fabricated using self-aligned shadow evaporation. The sample design (210/240 GHz dual

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• fabrication, stencil lithography employs a separate mask that is later aligned on the substrate and retains its aperture after the pattern transfer. This technique has advantages including simplicity in process, reusable masks, and the absence of resist masks. The latter eliminates common challenges

• project, a TEM substrate with nine free-standing SiN membranes was used as a hard mask. We lay an identical substrate flat on the mask in a flip-chip configuration. The mask is aligned so that all nine windows are on top of each other, and the asymmetrically broken windows serve as an orientation aid

• is applied, the vortex core (bright or dark spot) moves perpendicular to the applied field toward the edge of the disk such that the magnetization component aligned with the field grows bigger. The vortex core displacement near zero external field is in linear proportion to the applied magnetic field

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• –groove substrate. Quantitative analysis of neurite directionality on the grooved substrates reveals an improvement in neurite alignment on the nanopatterned grooves, as can be seen in the increase in the amount of neurites aligned within 15° of the grooves, considering all neurite branches (Figure 4G and

• Supporting Information File 1, Figure S19A) and branches greater than or equal to 20 µm only (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S19B). In particular, the amount of aligned neurites was at least 1.17× higher on the nanopatterned substrates compared to the plain microgrooves (p < 0.01). Further analysis of

• different PC12 neurite parameters: (D) total neurite length per cell, (E) relative frequency histogram of neurite branch length, (F) total neurite length of branches greater than or equal to 20 µm per cell, (G) relative amount of aligned neurites in entire area, (H) relative amount of aligned neurites on

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• an operation based on the calculation of fidelity. We evaluate the fidelity of the gate Ug (for Figure 2a) as in [53]: where the summation runs over the six states ν aligned along the cardinal directions of the Bloch sphere |z+⟩ = |0⟩, |z−⟩ = |1⟩. Here, |0⟩ and |1⟩ are the ground and first excited

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• the piezo/photodiode device. The device was illuminated from the top surface using a laser diode at a wavelength of 628 nm. The light source was installed inside the AFM chamber, and the light beam was aligned towards the active area of the device. The illumination source was modulated by a square

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• -emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of ZnO NRs exhibits nanorods with hexagonal cross section, well aligned with the glass substrate (Figure 1a). Figure 1b indicates that many spherical nanoparticles are formed on the ZnO NRs after spraying the CuO NP solution with a concentration of 0.05 M

• major carriers. ZnO is a commonly known n-type material, where electrons are dominant. The Fermi levels of both materials will be aligned, which will result in energy band bending at the interface. To achieve the equilibrium state, electrons from ZnO NRs are diffused to CuO NPs while holes are

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• through real-space mapping. Complementing these full-fiber scans, high-resolution topography and stiffness maps on smaller fiber subdomains were also obtained to study the nanostructure of Technora®. From detailed topography maps, we found that the well-aligned surface features observed on the full

• -diameter map were fibrillar in structure (Figure 3a). The surface consisted of a branched network of fibrils closely aligned to the fiber axis, as highlighted in Figure 3b. The widths of individual fibrils varied substantially (20–45 nm) along their length. Unlike in other polymer fibers we have explored

• terms of the Technora® nanostructure, our measurements directly reveal two key motifs: (i) the presence of nanoscale fibrils that are well aligned with respect to the fiber axis and form a branched network and (ii) nanoscale domains with high local transverse stiffness. Through WAXD studies, Ferreira et

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• -to-head fashion (Figure 12b,d). In contrast, in the monolayers of OC19 and OC21, knot-like substructures were obliquely aligned along the columnar direction (Figure 12c,e). In the case of OC19, a tape-like structure was also observed. Thus, modulation of the 2D structure was observed for OCn (n ≥ 18

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• microneedles are most often directly printed onto the medical device and aligned to specific features, such as pores, on the device. Direct microneedle printing has its own set of extensive requirements (e.g., biocompatibility of the material, mechanical robustness, and surface adhesion). Also, FDA’s 510(k