Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• coated nanocarriers, such as PLGA NPs and silica NPs, enhance interactions with dendritic cells, leading to antitumor responses [25][26]. In a similar study with CMC-NPs composed of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and a CD59-specific binding peptide (CD59sp), the antitumor activity of the C-PC/CMC-CD59sp

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• potent antitumor activity. HCT exhibits significant therapeutic effects, primarily in oncology. It functions as a topoisomerase-I inhibitor, interfering with DNA replication and transcription in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [123][124]. However, poor aqueous solubility

• improved antitumor efficacy against cervical cancer [139]. The formulation showed better stability and sustained release properties. Antitumor activity in U14 tumor-bearing female CD-1 mice revealed that the UA-PLHNPs exhibited much higher tumor growth inhibition. Further, UA-PLHNPs represented better

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• in clinical cancer treatment. Its bioavailability and antitumor activity in the antitumor process have also been shown to be enhanced by encapsulation with liver cancer cell membranes [75]. Radiotherapy also plays an important role in tumor therapy. Nevertheless, it has been hindered by the

• effectively increased in tumor tissues, and the side effects on normal tissues can be significantly reduced [92]. Quercetin (QT), a flavonoid with various functions, such as antitumor activity and radiosensitization, has been loaded into NPs and encapsulated by cancer cell membranes to further study its

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• additive antitumor activity via downregulation of the c-MYC–HIF-1α–VEGF signaling pathway in mutated NSCLC with exon 19 deletions (Figure 1) [32][33][34]. Several randomized clinical studies have also reported on the increased effectiveness of combined chemotherapy/EGFR TKI treatments in patients with

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• S–S linkages by intracellular glutathione (GSH). As the result, both gene editing by sgRNA/Cas9 and gene silencing by the antisense DNA cooperatively suppressed the PLK1 gene, providing remarkable antitumor activity. 4 CyD-based nanoarchitectures for effective photodynamic therapy Photodynamic

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• , facilitating tumor therapy. Selective tumor accumulation was still observed up to 12 h in mice injected with fluorescently labeled (FL-labeled) B-Cur NPs or S-Cur NPs, while mice injected with FL-labeled curcumin showed no significant tumor accumulation after 4 h. In addition, antitumor activity experiments

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• -galactopyranose (unit G) and (1→4)-linked α-ᴅ-galactopyranose (unit D) alternatively. Some of the reports in the literature showed that carrageenan has several pharmacological properties such as antiviral and antitumor activity that can add pharmaceutical value to the nanomaterials synthesized using them [30][31

• definitive in size-shape tuning and storage conditions [100][101]. Figure 5 shows the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using carrageenan as a capping/stabilizing as well as a reducing agent. Furthermore, these carrageenan-capped gold nanoparticles showed promising antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116

• distribution of nanoparticles. (B), (C) and (D) show TEM micrographs of the nanoparticles at different magnifications. (E) and (F) show the antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116. Adapted from [32], © 2018 X. Chen et al., distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively used in the management of different tumors [7] and exerts antitumor activity by interaction with DNA replication [8]. DOX-based chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for HCC but its efficacy is limited by pre-existing and acquired drug resistance due to long-term

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• antitumor activity. Furthermore, fluorescence detection and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis results indicated that the internalization into cells of CNTs-PEG-PEI was significantly enhanced, thus inducing tumor cell death through apoptosis more efficiently. The above series of benefits of CNTs-PEG-PEI may be

• drugs. Keywords: antitumor activity; cellular uptake; PEG functionalization; PEI functionalization; poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG); polyethylenimine (PEI); single-walled carbon nanotubes; Introduction To date, chemotherapy is the most common therapy for cancer treatment. However, the inability of

• [30] exhibited sustained release at pH 7.4, and responsive release under relatively acidic condition, which was similar to our results. In this study, a series of experimental observations with MCF-7 cells were conducted and the results verify the delivery capacity and in vitro antitumor activity

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• reported no cytotoxicity, when not stimulated, and 15% cell viability in vitro and tumor reduction in vivo when activated by a laser. Horák and collaborators [169] used the toxicity of free Fe ions for antitumor activity. The authors synthesized maghemite nanoparticles covered with poly(N,N

• -dimethylacrylamide) that combined with tocopherol acetate would lead to the release of Fe ions from the nanoparticle core with high antitumor activity. They showed that their treatment combination produces Fe ions and lipid peroxidation in vitro. However, in vivo the tumor reduction was determined by the Fe ion

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• nanoparticles [34]. The resulting gold–alendronate nanoplatform combines antitumor activity through drug delivery and photothermal therapy, as illustrated in vitro on the inhibition of prostate cancer cells. In the field of hybrid coordination networks, new lanthanide-based networks synthesized by a solvo

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• light [23]. Alternatively, the antitumor activity of porphyrinic PCN-224 was increased by combining photodynamic and photothermal effects with chemotherapy; in this case the MOF was deposited onto gold nanorods and impregnated with a chemotherapeutic agent [24]. Strong phototoxic effects were reported

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• under irradiation within the first biological window (650–900 nm). The Au@alendronate nanoplatform thus provided a combined antitumor activity through drug delivery and photothermal therapy. Au@alendronate NPs inhibited in vitro the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (PC3) in a dose-dependent manner

• )6(OH)2)) tissue [5][6]. We focus here on the antitumor activity of alendronate, a nitrogen-containing HMBP, clinically used as adjuvant (Fosamax®) in the treatment of prostate and breast metastatic cancers [7]. Nitrogen-containing HMBPs, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway

• strategy to increase the PTT efficiency is the combination with magnetic hyperthermia [28], or with chemotherapy [29][30]. Using a one-pot synthesis strategy, we developed Au@alendronate NPs for a combined application of the antitumor activity of alendronate and an efficient gold-mediated PTT. We further

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• intertwine with the PHMPA corona chains and adsorb to the γ-Fe2O3 particle surface (Figure 5). The rather large hydrodynamic size enables easy magnetic separation from the medium. Cytotoxicity of γ-Fe2O3@P(HPMA-MMAA)-Dox nanoparticles To study antitumor activity of the γ-Fe2O3@P(HPMA-MMAA)-Dox nanoparticles

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• (instead of inhibiting) microtubule assembly to prevent cell division. On the other hand, PCX causes cells to remain in G2/M phase. Microtubules formed by the action of PCX are also dysfunctional and cause cell death [3]. In spite of its promising antitumor activity, the drug has presented considerable

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• electrical charge with respect to the cell surface. On the other hand, it is known that chitosan also possesses intrinsic antitumor activity due to activation of the caspase-3 mechanism [41]. This may explain the synergistic mechanism of why chitosan-coated nanoparticles are more effective on cancer cells

Physics, chemistry and biology of functional nanostructures III

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 590–591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.63

• tuberculosis bacilli [1], new applications of graphene-based nanostructures [2][3][4], smart nanoparticles with antitumor activity [5], photonic crystals and flexible membranes [6][7] for visualization devices and remote-readout strain gauges. A lot of other unusual applications of functional nanostructures

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• antitumor activity when compared to daily-renewed calcitriol, resulting in significantly different (p < 0.05) 48 h IC50 values of 2.19 µM and 1.51 µM, respectively. Thus, all cytotoxicity assays with free calcitriol compared to calcitriol-loaded NPs were renewed daily. Both free and encapsulated calcitriol

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• binding to DNA, CPT antitumor activity is due to inhibition of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I [4][5]. In spite of its potential as chemotherapeutic agent, CPT suffers from a reduced in vivo antitumor efficacy owing to its poor water-solubility and chemical instability (Figure 1). CPT-derivatives with