Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• characteristics and morphology of the synthesized adsorbent. Additionally, the study examines the adsorption mechanism of TC on the material’s surface and evaluates the effects of pH value, adsorbent dosage, and matrix composition. As a biodegradable and easily recoverable material derived from natural cellulose

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• ability of SF films to enhance light trapping in photoelectronic devices. Furthermore, combining SF films with biodegradable solar cells has the potential to power next-generation biomedical equipment, providing long-term energy solutions for diagnostic and therapeutic applications [93]. Silk fibroin

• [139]. Biodegradable polyurethanes The ease of manufacturing of PU and its tunable elastic, mechanical, and biodegradable properties make it an ideal material for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications [140]. Medical implants such as vascular grafts and cardiac pacemakers can

• biodegradable [124]. Degradation is limited in crystalline regions, while amorphous regions get degraded easily within PU. The molecular structure and composition of the polymer, its molecular weight, crystallinity, and the presence of cross-links and additives are a few elements that impact polymer degradation

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• complexed PLR (Mw = 15–70 kDa) with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form biodegradable nanoparticles capable of delivering siRNA to cells overexpressing the HA receptor CD44. The study demonstrated that these HA–PLR complexes, in particular the formulation HP101, were able to form stable complexes with siRNA and

• inhibited tumour growth, outperforming both naked siRNA and PLR–siRNA complexes. In 2012, Cheng and Saltzman coated biodegradable polymer nanoparticles with nona-arginine (ARG), an oligomeric form of poly(ʟ-arginine), to enhance the cellular uptake and delivery efficiency of PMOs [97]. The study

• following studies, Zhao et al. developed a novel siRNA delivery system using PLR as a condensing block in the formation of cationic micellar nanoparticles [98]. In this report, biodegradable amphiphilic triblock copolymers composed of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), poly(ᴅ,ʟ-lactide) (PLA), and

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• and PCL to produce amphiphilic nanoparticles which possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. PEG, known for its water solubility and biocompatibility, provides the hydrophilic component, while PCL, a biodegradable polyester, contributes with hydrophobicity, enabling the formation of

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• conductivity. Finally, environmental parameters include relative humidity and temperature [15]. Chitosan, a widely utilized material in electrospun nanofiber membranes, is derived from the crystalline microfibrils of crustaceans, including crabs and prawns. It is biodegradable and exhibits a high capacity for

• overcome these limitations, without losing the advantages of PVA such as biodegradability, is to blend PVA with stiff and water-insoluble biodegradable polymers such as chitosan [68]. Fabrication techniques Nanofibers can be fabricated using different methods such as direct drawing, template synthesis

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• activation of the complement system, due to the accumulation of PEG in the body as a non-biodegradable polymer. Therefore, PEGylation must be carefully considered when designing NC-based therapies [49][50]. A strategy to avoid possible immunoreactions is to mask NPs by marking them as “self” and biomimetic

• have focused on improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. One such innovative approach, as demonstrated by Violatto et al., involves the conjugation of Dex to biodegradable Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies (ANANAS). This method leverages the natural liver tropism of these nano

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• The increasing interests in natural, biodegradable, non-toxic materials that can find application in diverse industry branches, for example, food, pharmacy, medicine, or materials engineering, has steered the attention of many scientists to plants, which are a known source of natural hydrogels

• mucilage produced by plant diaspores became of high interest in diverse sectors, such as medicine, cosmetics, food, biomedicine, pharmaceutics, nanomaterials, and bioinspired nanotechnology [11][17][18][19][20]. Mucilage is a natural, biodegradable, non-toxic plant product, odourless, colourless, and

• account that many plants all over the world are able to produce seed/fruit mucilage, we have a natural source of non-toxic, biodegradable hydrogels. The mucilage envelopes of diverse diaspores share many common features, but also demonstrate some differences in their chemical composition and physical

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• monitoring and remediation methods. Five heavy metals, namely, mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr3+), and arsenic (As3+), pose severe risks to human health and ecological systems because of their non-biodegradable nature and long biological half-lives, leading to bioaccumulation and

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• core–lipid shell hybrid nanoparticles As the name suggests, polymer core–lipid shell hybrid nanoparticles are composed of a polymer core that is covered by mono/bilayers of a lipoidal shell. The polymeric core significantly enhances the stability of the outer lipoidal shell. The biodegradable polymeric

• core with a stable outer lipoidal shell makes these PLHNPs an excellent nanocarrier for therapeutic drug delivery and the treatment of various diseases. The amphiphilicity of biodegradable polymers and lipids promotes the encapsulation of both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drugs

• the name suggests, the structural arrangement of these nanocarriers involves the surface coating of liposomes with biodegradable polymers/copolymers. The surface modification not only imparts surface functionality to the nanocarrier but also enhances its therapeutic efficacy by site-specific targeting

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• [77]. In addition to biopolymers, synthetic biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human administration [78] are relevant options. Extensive testing has been

• lipid NPs (SLNs) are prepared from lipids that are solid at room temperature, which are then stabilized by surfactants [100]. While both liposomes and SLNs are considered biocompatible and biodegradable, SLNs provide increased stability because of their rigid core [101]. Nevertheless, SLNs suffer from

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• the increased release of pollutants into the environment, causing health concerns to humans. Untreated industrial effluents are released, and most heavy metal ions accumulate in water higher than the permissible limits, pollute drinking water, and are non-biodegradable. Heavy metal ions are

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• durations. While numerous biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles derived from proteins or polysaccharides have been studied for drug delivery and controlled drug release in the recent past, the emphasis of research has now turned towards synthetic polymers, resulting in significant advancements in this field

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• FDA-approved biodegradable polymer. The R406-PLGA NPs (particle size of 159.7 nm) showed a significant downregulation of major inflammatory markers (CCL2, IL-1α, and IL-6) in vitro in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. In an in vivo experiment using a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) mouse

• upon daily systemic administration through the intraperitoneal route in mice [54]. Another polymeric platform to improve the bioavailability of curcumin was developed through simple nanoemulsification using biodegradable polylactide–poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) copolymer NPs [55]. Besides reversing

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• applications. Biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymers are an excellent choice for a variety of innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs). Biopolymers are also used in cutting-edge scientific applications such as gene expression, tissue engineering, smart drug delivery, and biosensors [11][19]. Modern medicine

• body, as they are antimicrobial, biodegradable, and non-toxic [22]. Biopolymeric nanoparticles are a very effective material for producing biosensors. In today’s world, people need sensors to monitor various types of pollution. Food contamination with infectious microorganisms or air and water

• agriculture, medicine, food packaging, and DDSs [68]. One of the advantages of using alginate-based nanoparticles is their biocompatibility. These nanoparticles are made from nontoxic and biodegradable polymers, making them safe to use in various applications [69]. Another advantage is their low cost, as

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• excretion. Finally, we discuss requirements for bringing NPs into clinical use and aspects when it comes to usage of complex and slowly degraded or nondegradable NPs. Keywords: biodegradable; biodistribution; endocytosis; extracellular vesicles; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• , and to release these factors in a controlled manner [33]. (iii) Their non-toxic and biodegradable structures ensure that they are compatible with the body. These properties also allow for the delivery of a wide range of active molecules such as antibiotics [34]. (iv) The possibility to functionalize

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary 10.3762/bjnano.15.65 Abstract In this research, we applied electrospinning to create a two-component biodegradable

• ], biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer. Based on the literature, it is extensively researched for biomedical applications [21][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. It is also known that PSI turns into polyaspartic acid (PASP) at physiological conditions, which is a degradable biomaterial [24][25][36

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• et al. demonstrated that biodegradable Mg scaffolds have shown promise in promoting vascular regeneration [188]. In brief, the use of metal-based nanomaterials in CVD treatment encompasses a range of innovative approaches from targeted drug delivery using NPs to the development of advanced metallic

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• mammalian cells [33][34][35][36][37][38]. However, orally administered nanomedicines do not cross the intact gastrointestinal epithelium and would never be uptaken by target cells, except enterocytes. During gastrointestinal transit, biodegradable nanoparticles are degraded or not absorbed, leaving only

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• of passive targeting in magnetic fields for photothermal cancer therapy, with PDA holds great promise for future applications. Therefore, surface modification with PDA is recognized as a favorable alternative for enhancing the biocompatibility of non-biodegradable substances. A study focused on

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• delivery system. The delivery system is comprised of three components: the carrier, the imaging agent, and the therapeutic drug, all of which need clinical approval before being used in humans. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is an approved biodegradable and biocompatible material for clinical use [1

• ], mannose for the mannose receptor on activated macrophages [6][7], and folic acid for the overexpression of the folate receptor on the surface of cancer cells and activated macrophages [8]. Thus, in this study, PLGA was chosen for NP formulation since it is a biocompatible and biodegradable material

• diagnoses, including tumor-targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and imaging. Nanomedicines can be made from a variety of inert, biodegradable, and in vivo biocompatible materials. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) is one of the most biodegradable and biocompatible copolymers owing to its

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• impact specific drug release kinetics and increase biocompatibility [60]. Different biodegradable polymers have been used for the development of targeted PNPs for the treatment of leishmaniasis [102]. In this scenario, chitosan is an interesting polymer for NP synthesis due to its positive charge, which

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• vitro and in vivo models. Finally, the author discusses the possibility that the nanoformulation could be used to treat cases of schistosomiasis in the brain due to its smaller size [40]. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that oral administration of biodegradable nanoparticles, such as conventional

• , and topical routes, and they are biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic [45]. Moreover, they improve the therapeutic performance of the drug by protecting it from the biological environment and restricting effects to target cells, thereby reducing the clearance of the drug [45]. Drugs for

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• be a more attractive biomaterial because of its various advantages such as non-toxic, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, as well as long-term storage stability. In addition to these aspects, it is an abundant, renewable, and cheap resource that is easy to scale up for

• to enhance the biological properties and improve cellular uptake of the MPs. The cellular uptake was also measured by fluorescence microscopy as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. Conclusion Biodegradable albumin submicron particles were successfully loaded with CUR into protein