Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• more significant biological effects such as cell death, ROS generation, and expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha [86]. Considering the type of CNs, in one study [87], SWCNTs showed significantly higher toxicity than MWCNTs; however, both CNTs induced significant toxic effects at low

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) undergoes multiple transformations when introduced to biological and environmental media. GO surface favors the adsorption of biomolecules through different types of interaction mechanisms, modulating the biological effects of the material. In this study, we investigated the

• ions [8][9][10]. The physicochemical changes and interactions undergone by GO in the environment greatly influence the biological effects of this material. Recently, Bortolozzo et al. [11] showed that GO degradation by sodium hypochlorite resulted in the mitigation of GO toxicity to Caenorhabditis

• and surface engineering [29]. Evaluating the changes of GO properties and biological effects after interaction with TA is essential to give us insights into how organic matter affects the behavior and toxicity of this material under real environmental conditions as well as the biological aspects of GO

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• biological effects the cell type (i.e., epithelial, immune, or even more organ-specific cells) should be monitored and well documented. This will hopefully allow for the separation and better understanding of the obtained results, such as biodistribution, tissue accumulation, and cellular uptake. We are

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• effectiveness of NanoEL closely depends on the physicochemical properties of the NPs such as size, shape, density, and surface charge [12][19][20][21]. Moreover, it is worth to mention that the biological effects of NPs to endothelial cells also depend on the microenvironments. The adhesion of proteins and/or

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• interact with other cells. The biological effects of nanoformulations can be enhanced through the effective utilization of specific protein groups. A schematic diagram of surface proteins and functions of the cancer cell membrane is shown in Figure 2. 2.1 Homologous targeting Cancer cells usually exhibit

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• last decade has seen a significant number of published studies present quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting the biological effects of ENMs, commonly known as nano-QSARs, based upon calculated and/or measured variables (descriptors) related to their intrinsic or extrinsic

• generalisation. Nonetheless, all of these previous studies were concerned with regression models for predicting the numerical biological response at a single test concentration. In addition to these modelling studies, Karcher et al. [31] reported analyses of trends in NBI Knowledgebase biological effects data

• at odds with some previous analyses. These analyses suggested that outermost surface features were more significant drivers of variability in biological effects than core chemical composition [28][31]. However, our finding that primary particle size is of limited significance is in keeping with

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• drugs which subsequently provides biological effects [76]. The inertial cavitation phenomenon occurs at higher acoustic intensities [74][77] and the MBs oscillate in an asymmetric non-linear manner. This leads to the collapse, implosion, and finally to the fragmentation of the MBs located in close

• between ultrasonic waves and the surrounding tissue result in different mechanical, chemical, and thermal effects, which in turn lead to different biological effects. It is notable that the studies in favor of the endocytosis pathway often used only modest US intensity. In contrast, the studies claiming

• distribution into surrounding healthy tissues. This technique has been introduced into the clinical practice as an adjuvant approach for the treatment of various human cancers with satisfactory/acceptable safety and negligible side effects [142]. The US wave produces two biological effects, which are

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• nanomaterials (ENMs), which could profoundly influence their biological effects, is not well understood. After uptake into phagolysosomes, which have a pH value of ca. 4.5, there is the potential for dissolution, changing the physicochemical, and potentially the biological, identity of ENMs. Nanoceria are a

• as the beneficial biological effects and human diseases that could potentially be treated [11], and the physicochemical properties that mediate the effects of nanoceria, its biochemical properties, biosynthesis, and its major biomedical applications, including biosensors [12]. Additional applications

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• , essential for the interpretation of their biological effects, including cellular uptake [43]. Nevertheless, PEG-SO-MNPs were more efficiently internalized into A549 cells than BSA-SO-MNPs. Interestingly, the magnetic nanospheres (PEG-SO-MNPs coated with polylactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) were taken up by

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• summarizes some reports on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm and how the application of nanomaterials improves sericulture. Keywords: biological effects; Bombyx mori; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; sericulture; Introduction Nanomaterials have unique optical, electronic, and photocatalytic

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• the surface of the substrate (circles). These aggregates were not visible for the other samples. Discussion The identification of the correlations existing among the physical and chemical properties of a substance and the biological effects is a laborious but necessary process, allowing the design of

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• properties on the cellular uptake and on other biological effects [145][165]. Unfortunately, still no clear predictions can be made on how certain nanoparticle properties affect uptake efficiency and the mechanisms involved, and more work along these lines will be required [145][165]. Recent debates in the

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• our knowledge. Nanoparticle interaction with mucin The stability of NPs within biological fluids is an essential factor with respect to their potential biological effects [53]. This holds especially true for the interaction of the particles with mucus. To estimate this, a mucin solution was chosen as

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• AuNPs in vivo [47][58]. The biological effects of GSH-coated AuNPs and the potential for their biomedical use have been assessed [55][56][57]. However, there are still many knowledge gaps regarding the interaction between metal-based NPs and biothiols. The WoS search revealed less than 5% of the papers

• obtained for ionic Ag and Au forms, allowed for a better understanding of the role of CYS and GSH in biotransformation and biological effects of AgNPs and AuNPs. This study provided additional information to overcome knowledge gaps related to the design of safe and efficient AgNPs and AuNPs for biomedical

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• ]. Some authors have reported antimicrobial activity of gold, platinum, and palladium nanoparticles in the size range of 5 to 30 nm against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria [23][24][25] and distinct adverse biological effects such as genotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of

• biological effects of rhodium nanoparticles except that these nanoparticles can penetrate into human skin [32]. Silver nanoparticles are applied in various fields including healthcare and biomedicine due to their antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral effect [33][34][35][36][37]. This is based on the

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• investigated the biological effects of a combined exposure. One example was the co-exposure of epithelial A549 lung cells in cultures to carbon black and iron oxide NPs. It was reported that exposing cells simultaneously to these NPs caused a synergistic oxidative effect, which was significantly greater than

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• ]. Therefore, there is a need to refine, reduce or replace (3R’s) animal testing and develop alternative risk evaluation methods [7][8]. Recently, the categorisation of ENMs based on their physico-chemical properties, exposure and use scenarios and biological effects was suggested as a strategy to facilitate

• mostly purchased from Evonik Industries (former Evonik-Degussa). Many authors have emphasised that understanding the real risks of ENMs is a challenging task as there are several parameters that might have an influence on the biological effects of ENM [8][24][32][33][34][35]. Besides the chemical

• , surface coating and/or functionalisation has been considered as an important parameter determining the biological effects of ENMs. For example, it has been discussed that coating on nanosilver plays an important role in Ag NPs toxicity [4][43][44]. However, information on initial coating or

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• set of intrinsic properties of ligands and/or capping agents with their biological effects could serve as the basis of nanomaterial structure–activity relationships (nanoSARs) [23][24]. However, there is a limited understanding of how to link different nanoparticle surface chemistries directly to the

Using natural language processing techniques to inform research on nanotechnology

• Nastassja A. Lewinski and
• Bridget T. McInnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.149

• and their associated physico-chemical properties, performance, exposure scenarios, and biological effects. In this paper, we review the different informatics methods that have been applied to patent mining, nanomaterial/device characterization, nanomedicine, and environmental risk assessment. Nine

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• well known, adverse effects [23][24][25][26][27]. The intriguing consequence of dissolution is that the particulate state may define the transport of the NPs within a biological system and molecular agents that are released wherever the NPs are located may dominate the (patho)biological effects. In

Biological responses to nanoscale particles

• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 380–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.37

• characterization of nanoparticles using state-of-the-art technologies were paramount in order to assess their biological action. Moreover, the aim was to correlate detailed material properties with their biological effects in order to elucidate the biological response to the material challenge. The nanoparticles

• the science conducted in SPP1313 was the most appropriate way to make the results from this network known to a wider group of experts both in material science and the sciences of related biological effects. Because most of the original work from the individual research groups or clusters has already

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• titania NP and their interaction with human cell lines [1] and pointed out that the determination of the biological effects of zinc oxide NP is problematic since they are sensitive towards phosphate ions [2]. This work will not be included in this article. The fluorescence dyes and the labelling process

• biological effects of such particles was an important topic on the agenda of the NPBIOMEM research cluster. It is not very feasible to extract these NP from the environment due to their low concentration in mixture with other materials of similar size; only the overall noble metal content of sediment samples

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• living cells. The biological effects of nanoparticles depend not only on the particle material and their size, but to a great extent also on the surface chemistry of the particles. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles is crucial for their pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility, and tissue and cell

• affinity, and may give us valuable clues for the rational design of nanosized medical devices. Biological effects of polystyrene nanoparticles Polystyrene nanoparticles have been used for various applications, such as biosensors [31], in photonics [32], and in self-assembling nanostructures [33

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• epidermis is of high relevance. As a result of the special architecture of the skin, levels of interactions include the translocation step across the skin barrier, cellular uptake as well as biological effects. In fact, biological responses to nanoparticle exposure may occur on the cellular level, but also

• their ability to take up nanomaterial. The choice of the experimental system has a major influence on the generated information and a thorough quality control of the behavior of different particle batches in the experimental models is essential. Nanoparticle-induced biological effects in cells and whole

• and that cellular particle uptake and biological effects vary with experimental settings and cell type. The combination of technologies and the joint discussion of results enabled us to look at nanoparticle–skin interactions and the biological relevance of our findings from different angles. Over the