Search results

Search for "chlorine" in Full Text gives 71 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl3: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

  • Shafaq Kazim,
  • Rahul Parmar,
  • Maryam Azizinia,
  • Matteo Amati,
  • Muhammad Rauf,
  • Andrea Di Cicco,
  • Seyed Javid Rezvani,
  • Dario Mastrippolito,
  • Luca Ottaviano,
  • Tomasz Klimczuk,
  • Luca Gregoratti and
  • Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

Graphical Abstract
  • larger thickness have a higher surface potential, which is closer to the tip surface potential. On both substrates, the KPFM results are similar, that is, the flake T has a higher work function than the flake L. This variation in the work functions of flakes is attributed to the chlorine vacancies in the
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 02 Jun 2025

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

  • Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

Graphical Abstract
  • by Oddur Ingólfsson’s group [6], supported by quantum chemical calculations, revealed that chlorine removal during focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) was nearly complete, in contrast to the limited chlorine loss observed in gas-phase experiments. Previous studies have shown that gas
PDF
Album
Editorial
Published 02 May 2025

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

  • Akash Kumar,
  • Ridhima Chadha,
  • Abhishek Das,
  • Nandita Maiti and
  • Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

Graphical Abstract
  • , respectively. The insets of Figure 4d and Figure 4e indicate 2.13 and 3.2 wt % of silver in ʟ-car-AgNP1 and ʟ-car-AgNP2, respectively. However, apart from silver, high fractions of sodium and chlorine were observed. This is probably due to the preparation of the nanopowders using the precipitation method with
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 06 Dec 2024

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2

  • Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
  • Patrick M. Eckhert,
  • Atul Chaudhary,
  • Johnathon M. Johnson,
  • Jo-Chi Yu,
  • Lisa McElwee-White and
  • D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

Graphical Abstract
  • reveals that the deposit created from Pt(CO)2Cl2 is almost identical to the pure Pt reference, with only a trace level of carbon contamination and no evidence of oxygen or chlorine. The analogous XPS data is shown in Figure S5 (Supporting Information File 1) where the as-deposited film shows no evidence
  • of any chlorine although carbon and oxygen are observed. We ascribe the presence of carbon and oxygen to be in part due to the adsorption of background CO in the growth chamber onto the exposed Pt surface as it was warmed to room temperature. Light Ar+ sputtering significantly reduces the
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 19 Nov 2024

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

  • Yanyan Wen,
  • Ningning Song,
  • Yueyou Peng,
  • Weiwei Wu,
  • Qixiong Lin,
  • Minjie Cui,
  • Rongrong Li,
  • Qiufeng Yu,
  • Sixue Wu,
  • Yongkang Liang,
  • Wei Tian and
  • Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

Graphical Abstract
  • /HPS bonds, while the intensities of the peaks at 534 cm−1, 627 cm−1, and 874 cm−1 corresponded to P–Cl and P–N on HCCP, respectively. The strong absorption band at 3330 cm−1 in the NFs spectrum attributed to the O–H bond of CUR/HPS decreased, suggesting that the chlorine atom of P–Cl in HCCP was
  • above suspension for 3 min. The resulting mixture was subsequently sonicated for 4 h. Under the effect of TEA, the hydroxy groups on CUR and HPS became activated and replaced the chlorine atoms on HCCP, which led to the coassembly of the coating structure on the surface of Fe3O4 NCs. The generated CUR
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 22 May 2024

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

  • Joshua Williams,
  • Michael I. Faley,
  • Joseph Vimal Vas,
  • Peng-Han Lu and
  • Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

Graphical Abstract
  • or volatile particles, which can be pumped out. RIE of nickel–iron alloys has been carried out using inductively coupled plasma RIE with argon and chlorine [34] or with NH3 and CO [35]. Stencil lithography requires further optimization although possible applications are attractive because of the
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 02 Jan 2024

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH3)2Cl]2

  • Elif Bilgilisoy,
  • Ali Kamali,
  • Thomas Xaver Gentner,
  • Gerd Ballmann,
  • Sjoerd Harder,
  • Hans-Peter Steinrück,
  • Hubertus Marbach and
  • Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

Graphical Abstract
  • composition and morphology of FEBID deposits fabricated in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) chamber were explored on different surfaces and at varied beam currents. In the gas phase, dissociative ionization was found to lead to significant carbon loss from this precursor, and about 50% of the chlorine was on average
  • removed per dissociative ionization incident. On the other hand, in dissociative electron attachment, no chlorine was removed from the parent molecule. Contrary to these observations, FEBID in the UHV setup was found to yield a quantitative loss and desorption of the chlorine from the deposits, an effect
  • progression shows the loss of one chlorine atom and two, three, and four methyl ligands at m/z 458, 444, and 429, respectively. From these, m/z 458 has lost an additional hydrogen and m/z 444 overlaps with lesser contributions from m/z 443, which we also attribute to additional hydrogen loss. Similar to the
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 06 Dec 2023

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

  • Evghenii Goncearenco,
  • Iuliana P. Morjan,
  • Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
  • Florian Dumitrache,
  • Elena Dutu,
  • Monica Scarisoreanu,
  • Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
  • Alexandra Sandulescu,
  • Crina Anastasescu and
  • Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

Graphical Abstract
  • described as: The raw TiO2 powders contain some carbon (from the decomposition of the ethylene sensitizer) and chlorine impurities, whose amount it is greatly diminished by calcination in air at 450 °C for 5 h. To certify this, a composition investigation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has
  • (point defects), there are some deviations. The small oxygen deficiency observed even after calcination is related to remaining chlorine impurities and Ti3+ ions that resisted calcination. Phase composition and crystallites sizes of the TiO2 powders were investigated. The X-ray diffractograms of the
  • donor levels, for example chlorine atoms [66], but most probably they are acceptor levels created by titanium vacancies [67][68]. Band-to-band transitions have not been detected as separate PL bands, taking into account the obtained bandgap values from the optical properties. But, they are surely a part
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 22 May 2023

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

  • Liqun Duan,
  • Zhiqian Yang,
  • Yilu Xia,
  • Xiaoqing Dai,
  • Jian’an Wu and
  • Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

Graphical Abstract
  • of Si atoms from SiCnw in the carbonization atmosphere containing a low concentration of chlorine gas [24]. Figure 2 shows TEM and HRTEM images of the final SiC@C-ZnO samples. The SCZ samples are composed of SiC, carbon, and ZnO particles. Obviously, the hybrids are characterized by SiC cores and
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 04 May 2023

New trends in nanobiotechnology

  • Pau-Loke Show,
  • Kit Wayne Chew,
  • Wee-Jun Ong,
  • Sunita Varjani and
  • Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

Graphical Abstract
  • . Green synthesis methods were firstly applied for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, along with silver chloride nanoparticles as there were chlorine salts in the pineapple peels which enable the formation of silver chloride. These nanoparticles were then characterized and tested regarding their
PDF
Editorial
Published 27 Mar 2023

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

  • Zoran M. Marković,
  • Milica D. Budimir,
  • Martin Danko,
  • Dušan D. Milivojević,
  • Pavel Kubat,
  • Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
  • Vladimir B. Pavlović,
  • Marija M. Mojsin,
  • Milena J. Stevanović and
  • Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

Graphical Abstract
  • significantly, especially, by the presence and distribution of various functional groups on the basal plane and edges of carbon network, affecting, in turn, the CQD properties. Doping of CQDs with nitrogen, chlorine, or fluorine heteroatoms induces larger a transport bandgap, increased charge transfer
  • (nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine) affected structural properties and ROS production with or without visible light irradiation. In addition, we examined antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. An important issue is the preparation of CQDs and polymer-based composites and their possible antibacterial
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 30 Jan 2023

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

  • Adrien Chauvin,
  • Walter Puglisi,
  • Damien Thiry,
  • Cristina Satriano,
  • Rony Snyders and
  • Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

Graphical Abstract
  • presence of chlorine originating from the dealloying process, the analysis of the Ag 3d peak (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 and Figure S4) reveals the presence of a loss peak indicating the metallic state of Ag. Therefore, no AgCl complex is observed. Moreover, a shift is observed for the Ag 3d
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 11 Jan 2023

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

  • Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
  • Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
  • Omar Viñas-Bravo,
  • Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
  • Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
  • Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
  • David Paniagua-Vega,
  • Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
  • Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

Graphical Abstract
  • the obtaining of metallic Ag nanoparticles combined with AgCl, where AgNPs were formed by reducing compounds of the extract. Thus, the formation of AgCl was due to the availability of chlorine salts in pineapple peels. The third novelty shown in this work is that the cytotoxic activity of Ag/AgCl
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 13 Dec 2022

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

  • Arbresha Muriqi and
  • Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

Graphical Abstract
  • chlorine impurities are still present in the film [33], indicating that some Ti–Cl bonds have reminded unreacted. The length of the Ti–O bonds formed between TiCl4 and both TiO2 surfaces during the first and second ligand loss reactions is presented in Table S1 (Supporting Information File 1). From Table
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 02 Nov 2022

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

  • Senuri Kumarage,
  • Imalka Munaweera and
  • Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

Graphical Abstract
PDF
Album
Review
Published 31 Jan 2022

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

  • Ashish Gupta,
  • Amrita Jain,
  • Manju Kumari and
  • Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

Graphical Abstract
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 18 Nov 2021

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

  • Maximilian Joschko,
  • Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
  • Christina Malsi,
  • Danilo Kisić,
  • Ivana Validžić and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

Graphical Abstract
  • temperature leads to larger particles. Furthermore, they have concluded that a chlorine-containing antimony precursor affects the morphology and crystallinity of the particles. Nevertheless, the study of Abulikemu et al. focused on using bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide (TMS) as sulfur precursor since with this
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 10 Sep 2021

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

  • Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
  • Michalina Kijaczko,
  • Wojciech Kukulka,
  • Daria Baranowska,
  • Martyna Baca,
  • Beata Zielinska and
  • Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

Graphical Abstract
  • , Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.38 Abstract Chlorine is found to be a suitable element for the modification of polymeric carbon nitride properties towards an efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity. In this study, chlorine-doped polymeric carbon nitride (Cl-PCN) has been examined as a photocatalyst in
  • pairs, (iv) improved photogenerated charge transport and separation, and (v) higher reducing ability of the photogenerated electrons. The above factors affected the 4.4-fold enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency in hydrogen evolution in comparison to the pristine catalyst. Keywords: chlorine
  • electron delocalization, efficient charge separation, favorable retention of the crystal structure, and light-harvesting extension [37]. Here, a new procedure of PCN doping with chlorine will be revealed. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials was investigated in a water-splitting reaction
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 19 May 2021

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

  • Cristiano Glessi,
  • Aya Mahgoub,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen and
  • Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

Graphical Abstract
  • . These criteria were fulfilled in the NHC gold(I) complexes 1–7 (Figure 3). Compounds 1–5 and 7 are imidazole-based NHC complexes with short aliphatic substituents on the nitrogen atoms (N-substituents) and two chlorine atoms on the backbone of the aromatic structure. While compounds 1–3 have a chloride
  • decompose the ligands under the formation of nitrogen- and chlorine-containing organic fragments, hopefully leading to more volatile by-products, compared to precursors with purely carbon-based ligands. Furthermore, the synthesis aimed for a series of thermally robust compounds that can be straightforwardly
  • as well [47]. The relatively high chlorine content of compounds 1–3, compared to that of compounds 4–7, indicates that the backbone and the gold-bonded Cl are co-deposited. Br, I, and F are also present in negligible quantities, demonstrating their suitability as elements to be used in FEBID
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 17 Mar 2021

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

  • Jeremiah Croshaw,
  • Thomas Dienel,
  • Taleana Huff and
  • Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

Graphical Abstract
  • ” (Figure 2h-6). A defect of similar appearance was reported in a prior work exploring chlorine-terminated silicon [80] which was linked to water contamination in the vacuum chamber (observed as H and OH bonded to the unterminated surface [15][16][17]). A mild annealing followed by halogen-termination
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 07 Sep 2020

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

  • Thomas Habets,
  • Sylvia Speller and
  • Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

Graphical Abstract
  • ascribed to the occurrence of redox reactions in which chloride is oxidized to chlorine and the Mn(III) center of the porphyrin moiety is reduced to Mn(II). The resulting Mn(II) porphyrin products were identified by UV–vis analysis of the liquid phase. For solutions of Mn(III) porphyrins with non-redox
  • fate of this ligand is. In the catalysis study with MnTUPCl at the Au(111) surface, two possible mechanisms were proposed [7]: (i) A surface gold atom coordinates to the manganese center of MnTUPCl in an axial ligand-like fashion, inducing a chlorine radical to dissociate, thereby reducing the Mn(III
  • solvated by the 1-phenyloctane solvent and migrate to the other electrode (vide infra). Second, in a counter reaction they are oxidized to chlorine gas. No net current would be observed if one of the two processes would not occur. In order to check the proposed role of the chloride ions, an analogous
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 24 Aug 2020

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

  • Maxime Demazeau,
  • Laure Gibot,
  • Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
  • Patricia Vicendo,
  • Clément Roux and
  • Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Graphical Abstract
  • been employed for the photothermal effect. Regarding imaging, the tendency is to couple different techniques such as fluorescence, photoacoustic and magnetic resonant imaging. The photosensitizer itself can act both as a fluorescent probe and as a photoacoustic agent, for example chlorine-e6 [80][99
PDF
Album
Review
Published 15 Jan 2020

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

  • Saban Kalay,
  • Yurij Stetsyshyn,
  • Volodymyr Donchak,
  • Khrystyna Harhay,
  • Ostap Lishchynskyi,
  • Halyna Ohar,
  • Yuriy Panchenko,
  • Stanislav Voronov and
  • Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

Graphical Abstract
  • distilled out and the pellet was dried in vacuum (100–200 Pa) at 40 °C for 3 h, yielding 8.2 g (81%) of oligoperoxide. Its characteristics are summarized as follows: content of active oxygen – 1.9% (calc. 2.2%); content of active chlorine – 5.4% (calc. 4.9%); AN = 163.1 mg KOH/g (calc. 155.3 mg KOH/g
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 10 Dec 2019

Semitransparent Sb2S3 thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Lothar Weinhardt,
  • Monika Blum,
  • Clemens Heske,
  • Wanli Yang,
  • Ilona Oja Acik and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

Graphical Abstract
  • detected, which is an expected result when crystalline Sb2S3 is formed [28][46][49]. No traces of additional phases were detected by either XRD or Raman in any glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. Chlorine, which could originate from the SbCl3 precursor, was not detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
  • composition, these results already give USP a distinct advantage over aqueous CBD, wherein the inclusion of oxygen is inevitable and traceable [57][58][59]. To summarize the thin film characterization, we have fabricated polycrystalline, chlorine-free (below EDX detection limit), and oxygen-free (EDX and XES
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 06 Dec 2019

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

  • Marwa Mokni,
  • Gianluigi Maggioni,
  • Abdelkader Kahouli,
  • Sara M. Carturan,
  • Walter Raniero and
  • Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

Graphical Abstract
  • produced by increasing the number of rotations from 0 to 6, as detailed above (see Results and Discussion). The minimum distance between the Ag target and the sample surface was fixed at 10.5 cm. Parylene C/Ag nanocomposite characterization The silver and chlorine content in the nanocomposite samples was
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 12 Feb 2019
Other Beilstein-Institut Open Science Activities